Evaluation and Optimization of a Traditional North-Light Roof on Industrial Plant Energy Consumption
Abstract
:1. Introduction: Socio-Industrial Context of Energy-Efficient Plant Design
2. Context and Relevance of the North-Light Roof in Industrial Plant Buildings
3. Plant Building Energy Consumption Simulation
3.1. EnergyPlus Simulation Model
Element | Layer 1 | Layer 2 | Layer 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Floor | 150 cm soil | 10 cm concrete | - |
Wall | 1 cm concrete 1–4 dry block | 11 cm concrete cinder block | 1 cm gypsum plaster |
Window | 6 mm low emissivity glass | 3 mm air gap | 6 mm low emissivity glass |
Roof | 6 mm asphalt cover | 15 cm concrete | 1 cm gypsum plaster |
3.2. Simulation Results and Discussion
City | Convex roof | Concave roof | Flat roof | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lighting | Heating | Cooling | Total | Lighting | Heating | Cooling | Total | Lighting | Heating | Cooling | Total | |
Mexico City | 3,728 | 25,907 | 53,738 | 83,373 | 3,867 | 21,367 | 57,149 | 82,383 | 147,629 | 4,342 | 26,991 | 178,962 |
New Delhi | 9,684 | 21,636 | 348,336 | 379,656 | 9,989 | 18,908 | 337,630 | 366,527 | 138,040 | 2,724 | 239,394 | 380,158 |
Brisbane | 31,276 | 20,932 | 135,881 | 188,089 | 31,740 | 18,040 | 134,266 | 184,046 | 124,139 | 6,383 | 97,739 | 228,261 |
Denver | 26,672 | 333,879 | 45,103 | 405,654 | 26,831 | 309,293 | 44,332 | 380,456 | 188,303 | 150,742 | 56,856 | 395,901 |
Cape Town | 9,678 | 70,557 | 50,069 | 130,304 | 10,135 | 62,968 | 50,652 | 111,439 | 87,446 | 27,823 | 34,137 | 149,406 |
Thunder Bay | 24,246 | 679,906 | 7,158 | 711,310 | 24,659 | 631,272 | 7,418 | 663,349 | 161,397 | 372,398 | 11,868 | 545,663 |
Oslo | 69,022 | 527,487 | 2,130 | 598,639 | 70,236 | 487,471 | 2,346 | 560,053 | 220,519 | 277,297 | 5,002 | 502,818 |
3.2.1. Negative Effect of North-Light Roof on Building Energy Consumption
3.2.2. Positive Effect of North-Light Roof on Building Energy Consumption
4. Optimization of Building Energy Consumption for a Plant with a North-Light Roof
4.1. Problem Description
4.2. Roof Shape Optimization Problem
- 3.
- 4.
- and
4.3. Roof Shape Problem Analysis
4.4. Roof Shape Problem Solution
- Step 1. Sampling: Randomly and uniformly sample designs ( in this study);
- Step 2. Simulate the sample’s environmental performance with the crude simulation model.
- 2-1. For each of the sample designs, simulate its building energy consumption using the crude model. The crude model is based on simulation in EnergyPlus using a time step of one hour, the maximum allowable time step.
- 2-2. Estimate the normalized Ordered Performance Curve (OPC) type based on the sorted performance of the designs. OPC is defined in OO theory as a plot of performance values as a function of the order of performance.
- Step 3. Design Selection: Order the estimated performance of the designs (from lowest to high building energy consumption) and select the top designs as the selected set (horse racing selection rule). The variable s is determined according to the Universal Alignment Probability (UAP) table (defined in OO theory) and a desired acceptable level of k (also known as alignment level in OO theory, which is defined as the number of truly good enough designs in the selected set). A high noise level can be assumed since no prior knowledge is known about the noise.
- Step 4. Further distinguish between the selected sample design performances and the more accurate simulation model.
- 4-1. For each of the selected designs, simulate the building energy consumption using the more accurate EnergyPlus model using a time step of one minute, the minimum allowable time step.
- 4-2. Select the design with the best performance as the final solution.
4.5. Numerical Results for the Roof Shape Optimization
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
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Adriaenssens, S.; Liu, H.; Wahed, M.; Zhao, Q. Evaluation and Optimization of a Traditional North-Light Roof on Industrial Plant Energy Consumption. Energies 2013, 6, 1944-1960. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6041944
Adriaenssens S, Liu H, Wahed M, Zhao Q. Evaluation and Optimization of a Traditional North-Light Roof on Industrial Plant Energy Consumption. Energies. 2013; 6(4):1944-1960. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6041944
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriaenssens, Sigrid, Hao Liu, Mariam Wahed, and Qianchuan Zhao. 2013. "Evaluation and Optimization of a Traditional North-Light Roof on Industrial Plant Energy Consumption" Energies 6, no. 4: 1944-1960. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6041944