Response Surface Methodology: An Emphatic Tool for Optimized Biodiesel Production Using Rice Bran and Sunflower Oils

doi:10.3390/en5093307

This article is

freely available
re-usable

Energies 2012, 5(9), 3307-3328; doi:10.3390/en5093307

Article

Response Surface Methodology: An Emphatic Tool for Optimized Biodiesel Production Using Rice Bran and Sunflower Oils

Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz^1,2, Ahmad Adnan¹, Farooq Anwar^3,* , Hamid Mukhtar⁴, Muhammad Asam Raza², Farooq Ahmad² and Umer Rashid^5,*

¹ Department of Chemistry, GC University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan ² Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Lahore 54000, Pakistan ³ Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan ⁴ Institute of Industrial biotechnology, GC University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan ⁵ Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang-43400, Selangor, Malaysia

* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 18 June 2012; in revised form: 7 August 2012 / Accepted: 13 August 2012 / Published: 4 September 2012

Download PDF Full-Text [699 KB, uploaded 4 September 2012 17:04 CEST]

Abstract: The current study describes the emphatic use of response surface methodology for the optimized biodiesel production using chemical and enzymatic transesterification of rice bran and sunflower oils. Optimal biodiesel yields were determined to be 65.3 ± 2.0%, 73.4 ± 3.5%, 96.5 ± 1.6%, 89.3 ± 2.0% and 41.7 ± 3.9% for rice bran oil and 65.6 ± 1.2%, 82.1 ± 1.7%, 92.5 ± 2.8%, 72.6 ± 1.6% and 50.4 ± 2.5% for sunflower oil via the transesterification catalyzed by NaOH, KOH and NaOCH₃,NOVOZYME-435 and A.n. Lipase, respectively. Based upon analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Response Surface plots significant impact of reaction parameters under study was ascertained. FTIR spectroscopic and HPLC methods were employed for monitoring the transesterification reaction progress while GC-MS analysis was performed to evaluate the compositional analysis of biodiesel. The fuel properties of both the rice bran and sunflower oil based biodiesel were shown to be technically compatible with the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. The monitoring of exhaust emission of synthesized biodiesels and their blends revealed a marked reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) levels, whereas an irregular trend was observed for NO_x emissions.

Keywords: feed stock oil; biodiesel; response surface methodology; optimization; emission levels; FTIR; GC-MS; fuel properties

Article Statistics

Click here to load and display the download statistics.

Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Mumtaz, M.W.; Adnan, A.; Anwar, F.; Mukhtar, H.; Raza, M.A.; Ahmad, F.; Rashid, U. Response Surface Methodology: An Emphatic Tool for Optimized Biodiesel Production Using Rice Bran and Sunflower Oils. Energies 2012, 5, 3307-3328.

AMA Style

Mumtaz MW, Adnan A, Anwar F, Mukhtar H, Raza MA, Ahmad F, Rashid U. Response Surface Methodology: An Emphatic Tool for Optimized Biodiesel Production Using Rice Bran and Sunflower Oils. Energies. 2012; 5(9):3307-3328.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mumtaz, Muhammad Waseem; Adnan, Ahmad; Anwar, Farooq; Mukhtar, Hamid; Raza, Muhammad Asam; Ahmad, Farooq; Rashid, Umer. 2012. "Response Surface Methodology: An Emphatic Tool for Optimized Biodiesel Production Using Rice Bran and Sunflower Oils." Energies 5, no. 9: 3307-3328.

Energies EISSN 1996-1073 Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland RSS E-Mail Table of Contents Alert