Thermodynamic Analysis of Kalina Based Power and Cooling Cogeneration Cycle Employed Once Through Configuration
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. System Description
3. System Modeling
- (1)
- The system is steady.
- (2)
- Any pressure losses are negligible.
- (3)
- The isentropic efficiencies of the pump and turbines are constant.
- (4)
- The fluid exits the condenser and the absorber in a saturated liquid state.
- (5)
- The pinch temperature differences in the heat exchangers are set at the prescribed values.
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Thermodynamic Performance with Varying Ammonia Fraction
4.2. Thermodynamic Performance with Optimal Conditions of Ammonia Fraction
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The temperature-entropy diagrams with varying ammonia fraction and separator pressure showed the important changes of system characteristics.
- (2)
- For a specified set of parameters, the system has both the lower and upper limits of ammonia fraction for proper operations of cogeneration. When ammonia fraction is too low, vapor is not supplied from the separator, while when the fraction is too high, the working fluid temperature entering evaporator becomes too high to chill the water.
- (3)
- As ammonia fraction or source temperature increases or separator pressure decreases, the quality of working fluid at separator, heat input rate and mass flow rate of turbine increase but the mass flow rate at boiler decreases.
- (4)
- The power increases with ammonia fraction but the cooling has a maximum for ammonia fraction. As the cooling is greater than the power, the cogeneration energy has a peak for ammonia fraction. Similarly, the power efficiency increases with ammonia fraction but the cooling efficiency and ENUF have a peak for ammonia fraction.
- (5)
- The optimum ammonia fraction for the maximum ENUF decreases with increasing source temperature or decreasing separator pressure. Under the conditions of optimal ammonia fractions, the power and power efficiency increase with the separator pressure but the cogeneration energy has a peak for the separator pressure. Under the optimal conditions, the ENUF increases as source temperature decreases or separator pressure increases.
- (6)
- Under the optimal conditions, the maximum cooling capacities and cogeneration energies are 64.7 kW and 66.0 kW for PH = 16 bar, 61.7 kW and 65.5 kW for PH = 24 bar, 59.9 kW and 66.1 kW for PH = 32 bar and 56.8 kW and 65.9 kW for PH = 40 bar, respectively. The optimum ammonia fraction and the ENUF can be correlated as a linear function with respect to the source temperature for a specified pressure as −A*TS+B. The values of A and B for PH = 16, 24, 32 and 40 in bar are 0.005181 and 1.103, 0.0004891 and 1.161, 0.004616 and 1.194 and 0.004510 and 1.243 for the optimum fraction and 0.004645 and 1.098, 0.0004276 and 1.110, 0.003950 and 1.108 and 0.003675 and 1.104 for ENUF, respectively.
- (7)
- The cogeneration energy and ENUF of the proposed system were significantly higher than power and thermal efficiency respectively of basic power generation cycle. As the proposed system is based on KCS-11 and is not employed with additional components such as rectifier and superheat, the system has a potential for efficient recovery of low-grade heat.
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Symbol | Parameter | Data | Unit |
---|---|---|---|
Ts | source temperature | 180 | °C |
T4 | separator temperature | Ts-15 | °C |
PH | separator pressure | 32 | bar |
T1, T7 | condensation temperature | 35 | °C |
T16, T18 | water inlet temperature | 30 | °C |
T20 | temperature of chilled water in | 20 | °C |
T21 | temperature of chilled water out | 15 | °C |
ΔTpp | pinch temperature difference | 5 | °C |
ηp | isentropic efficiency of pump | 75 | % |
ηt | isentropic efficiency of turbine | 75 | % |
xb | basic ammonia fraction | 45 | % |
State | x(%) | T | P(bar) | h (kJ/kg) | s (kJ/kgK) | m (kg/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 45.0 | 35.0 | 3.23 | 0.0 | 0.000 | 0.343 |
2 | 45.0 | 35.5 | 32.00 | 4.5 | 0.004 | 0.343 |
3 | 45.0 | 120.1 | 32.00 | 395.9 | 1.122 | 0.343 |
4 | 45.0 | 165.0 | 32.00 | 1027.0 | 2.657 | 0.343 |
5 | 80.7 | 165.0 | 32.00 | 1887.4 | 4.869 | 0.106 |
6 | 80.7 | 118.8 | 10.92 | 1740.3 | 4.996 | 0.106 |
7 | 80.7 | 35.0 | 10.92 | 108.9 | 0.109 | 0.106 |
8 | 80.7 | −0.6 | 3.23 | 108.9 | 0.163 | 0.106 |
9 | 80.7 | 15.0 | 3.23 | 700.3 | 2.327 | 0.106 |
10 | 29.0 | 165.0 | 32.00 | 640.2 | 1.662 | 0.237 |
11 | 29.0 | 40.5 | 32.00 | 72.8 | 0.146 | 0.237 |
12 | 29.0 | 41.0 | 3.23 | 72.8 | 0.155 | 0.237 |
13 | 45.0 | 49.1 | 3.23 | 267.4 | 0.861 | 0.343 |
14 | 180.0 | 671.5 | 1.814 | 1.000 | ||
15 | 130.1 | 455.1 | 1.308 | 1.000 | ||
16 | 30.0 | 20.9 | 0.070 | 1.778 | ||
17 | 42.3 | 72.5 | 0.236 | 1.778 | ||
18 | 30.0 | 20.8 | 0.069 | 3.071 | ||
19 | 43.6 | 77.3 | 0.252 | 3.071 | ||
20 | 20.0 | −21.0 | −0.071 | 2.992 | ||
21 | 15.0 | −42.0 | −0.143 | 2.992 |
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Kim, K.H. Thermodynamic Analysis of Kalina Based Power and Cooling Cogeneration Cycle Employed Once Through Configuration. Energies 2019, 12, 1536. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081536
Kim KH. Thermodynamic Analysis of Kalina Based Power and Cooling Cogeneration Cycle Employed Once Through Configuration. Energies. 2019; 12(8):1536. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081536
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Kyoung Hoon. 2019. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Kalina Based Power and Cooling Cogeneration Cycle Employed Once Through Configuration" Energies 12, no. 8: 1536. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081536