A Predictive Model for Dry-Growth Icing on Composite Insulators under Natural Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. External Flow Field Simulation of Insulator
2.1. Dry-Growth Icing Characteristics of Insulator
2.2. External Flow Field Calculation
2.3. Influences of Environmental Factors
3. Insulator Icing Model
3.1. Icing Thickness and Shape on Insulator
3.2. Four Environment Parameters
4. Test, Simulation, and Discussion
4.1. Dry-Growth Icing Tests and Simulation
4.2. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Insulator Type | A | |
D Diameter of insulator rod (mm) | 28 | |
Φ Inclination angle of shed (°) | 15 | |
S Spacing between sheds (mm) | 28 | |
D1/D2 Diameter of sheds (mm) | 188/148 | |
N1/N2 Number of the sheds | 25/25 |
σR Boltzmann constant [W/(m2·K4)] | 5.567 × 10−8 | P Air pressure (kPa) | 95.4 |
Ca Specific heat of air [J/(kg·°C)] | 1030 | ρw Density of water (kg/m3) | 1000 |
Cw Specific heat of water [J/(kg·°C)] | 4200 | ε Emissivity over ice | 0.95 |
Le Latent heat of evaporation (0 °C) (J/kg) | 2.51 × 106 | χ Evaporative coefficient [J/(m2·kPa)] | 0.62 hpLe/CaP |
Lf Latent heat of fusion for ice (J/kg) | 3.35 × 105 |
Parameter | Time (Minutes) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0–60 | 60–120 | 120–180 | 180–240 | |
U (m/s) | 5.1 | 7.2 | 7.9 | 8.3 |
Ta (°C) | −0.62 | −1.7 | −2.4 | −2.8 |
w (g/m3) | 0.8 | 0.91 | 0.77 | 0.83 |
MVD (μm) | 43 | 44 | 49 | 46 |
Icing Mass | Time (Minutes) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
60 | 120 | 180 | 240 | |
Mtest (kg) | 1.58 | 4.36 | 7.20 | 14.8 |
Msimulation (kg) | 1.4 | 3.7 | 5.8 | 11.9 |
Error (%) | 11.4 | 15.1 | 19.4 | 19.6 |
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Han, X.; Jiang, X.; Yang, Z.; Bi, C. A Predictive Model for Dry-Growth Icing on Composite Insulators under Natural Conditions. Energies 2018, 11, 1339. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061339
Han X, Jiang X, Yang Z, Bi C. A Predictive Model for Dry-Growth Icing on Composite Insulators under Natural Conditions. Energies. 2018; 11(6):1339. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061339
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Xingbo, Xingliang Jiang, Zhongyi Yang, and Conglai Bi. 2018. "A Predictive Model for Dry-Growth Icing on Composite Insulators under Natural Conditions" Energies 11, no. 6: 1339. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061339