An Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm to Solve the Selected Harmonic Elimination Pulse-Width Modulation in Multilevel Converters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. NPC/H-Bridge Five-Level Converter and SHEPWM Switching Strategy
2.1. NPC/H-Bridge Five-Level Converter
2.2. Basic Principle for Solving the SHEPWM
3. The Proposed Improved Imperialist Competitive Method for Multilevel SHEPWM
3.1. Design of the Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm
3.2. Comparisons with the Existing Methods
4. Simulation Analysis
5. Experimental Results
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Modulation Type | SPWM | SVPWM | SHEPWM |
---|---|---|---|
DC voltage utilization | 0~0.866 | 0~1 | 0~1.12 |
Switching frequency | Medium | High | Low |
Complexity of strategy | Low | High | High |
Implementation approach | Online | Online | Offline |
Number | Sx1, Sx2, Sx3, Sx4, Sx5, Sx6, Sx7, Sx8 | VXN |
---|---|---|
(x = a, b, c) | (X = A, B, C) | |
1 | 11000011 | Vdc |
2 | 11000110 | Vdc/2 |
3 | 11000110 | |
4 | 11001100 | 0 |
5 | 01100110 | |
6 | 00110011 | |
7 | 01101100 | −Vdc/2 |
8 | 00110110 | |
9 | 00111100 | −Vdc |
m | Switching Angles | THD% | f(α) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MGA | PSO | ICA | PSOICA | ||||
1.1 | 6.715 | 42.72 | 18.34 | 2.95 × 10−11 | 4.93 × 10−32 | 4.93 × 10−32 | 4.93 × 10−32 |
1 | 16.33 | 52.33 | 19.27 | 9.80 × 10−11 | 4.93 × 10−32 | 4.93 × 10−32 | 4.93 × 10−32 |
0.9 | 23.99 | 59.99 | 26.58 | 1.02 × 10−11 | 4.93 × 10−32 | 4.93 × 10−32 | 2.77 × 10−32 |
0.8 | 30.65 | 66.65 | 35.21 | 5.06 × 10−17 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0.7 | 36.7 | 72.68 | 43.95 | 1.08 × 10−8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0.6 | 42.3 | 78.3 | 52.64 | 8.53 × 10−10 | 1.233 × 10−32 | 1.23 × 10−32 | 1.11 × 10−31 |
0.5 | 47.61 | 83.61 | 60.7 | 3.62 × 10−11 | 4.93 × 10−32 | 4.93 × 10−32 | 1.97 × 10−31 |
0.4 | 52.71 | 88.71 | 65.51 | 1.64 × 10−11 | 4.93 × 10−32 | 4.93 × 10−32 | 4.93 × 10−32 |
0.3 | 57.69 | 86.31 | 88.04 | 1.01 × 10−6 | 3.081 × 10−33 | 3.08 × 10−33 | 0 |
0.2 | 62.5 | 81.5 | 128.72 | 5.04 × 10−8 | 1.233 × 10−32 | 1.23 × 10−32 | 1.77 × 10−30 |
0.1 | 67.26 | 76.74 | 205.63 | 5.12 × 10−8 | 7.704 × 10−34 | 7.70 × 10−34 | 7.70 × 10−34 |
Algorithms | α1 | α2 | α3 | α4 | f(α) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MGA | 51.219 | 57.315 | 73.357 | 84.342 | 0.001912 |
PSO | 50.893 | 57.74 | 72.439 | 85.149 | 1.76 × 10−31 |
ICA | 50.894 | 57.74 | 72.439 | 85.148 | 2.38 × 10−10 |
PSOICA | 50.893 | 57.74 | 72.439 | 85.149 | 1.68 × 10−30 |
Convergent Rate | One Solution | Two Solutions | Three Solutions | |
---|---|---|---|---|
MGA | 96% | 60% | 35% | 1% |
PSO | 91% | 91% | 0 | 0 |
ICA | 95% | 32% | 45% | 18% |
PSOICA | 100% | 5% | 41% | 54% |
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Gong, Z.; Cui, Q.; Zheng, X.; Dai, P.; Zhu, R. An Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm to Solve the Selected Harmonic Elimination Pulse-Width Modulation in Multilevel Converters. Energies 2018, 11, 3080. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113080
Gong Z, Cui Q, Zheng X, Dai P, Zhu R. An Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm to Solve the Selected Harmonic Elimination Pulse-Width Modulation in Multilevel Converters. Energies. 2018; 11(11):3080. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113080
Chicago/Turabian StyleGong, Zheng, Qi Cui, Xi Zheng, Peng Dai, and Rongwu Zhu. 2018. "An Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm to Solve the Selected Harmonic Elimination Pulse-Width Modulation in Multilevel Converters" Energies 11, no. 11: 3080. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113080