Power Controllable LED System with Increased Energy Efficiency Using Multi-Sensors for Plant Cultivation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Proposed Adaptive LED Control Method
3.1. Illuminance to PPFD Conversion
3.2. Inverse Square Law
3.3. PPFD Consideration
3.4. Optimal PWM Determination
4. Hardware Implementation
5. Experiment Result
5.1. Power Model
5.2. Power Consumption Evaluation
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reference | Plant | Light Source | Effect on Plant |
---|---|---|---|
[7] | Baby lettuce | Red LEDs (658 nm) | Increase of phenolics concentration |
Baby lettuce | Blue LEDs (476 nm) | Increase of anthocyanin and carotenoids | |
[8] | Cabbage | Red LEDs (660 nm) | Increase of anthocyanin content |
Cabbage | Blue LEDs (470 nm) | Higher chlorophyll content promotion petiole elongation | |
[9] | Lettuce, Green onions | Red LEDs (638 nm) Natural illumination | Reduction of nitrate content |
[10] | Red leaf lettuce | Red LEDs (640 nm); Blue LEDs (440 nm) | Increase of anthocyanin content, antioxidant potential and total leaf area |
[11] | Indian mustard, Basil | Red LEDs (660 and 635 nm); Blue LEDs (460 nm) | Delay in plant transition to flowering |
[12] | Tomato seedlings | Red LEDs (660 nm); Blue LEDs (450 nm) | Reduction of stem length |
Reference | Plant | Light Source | PPFD (μmol m−2·s−1) | Effect on Plant |
---|---|---|---|---|
[10] | Red leaf lettuce | Red LEDs (640nm); Blue LEDs(440nm) | LED: 300 | Increase of anthocyanin content, antioxidant potential and leaf area |
[13] | Mustard, Spinach | Red LEDs (638nm) and HPS lamp | Total: 300 | Increase of vitamin C content |
[14] | Baby lettuce | Red LEDs (638nm) and HPS lamp | LED: 210 | Increase of phenolics, tocopherols, antioxidant capacity, sugars |
HPS: 300 | ||||
[15] | Lettuce | Red LEDs (660nm); Blue LEDs(450nm) | LED: 100 | Increase of total dry weight |
LED: 200 | ||||
LED: 300 |
Light Source | Sunlight | Incandescent | Fluorescent Lamp | Red LED | Blue LED |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conversion factor | 54.0 | 50.0 | 74.0 | 9.9 | 11.9 |
Ambient PPFD (μmol m−2 s−1) | Distance (cm) | Conventional System | Proposed System | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PWM | Power (W) | Total PPFD (μmol m−2 s−1) | PWM | Power (W) | Total PPFD (μmol m−2 s−1) | ||
20 | 100 | 255 | 52.5 | 101 | 255 | 52.5 | 101 |
80 | 255 | 52.5 | 127 | 140 | 34 | 102 | |
60 | 255 | 52.5 | 230 | 110 | 28.9 | 99 | |
40 | 255 | 52.5 | 476 | 45 | 18.7 | 101 | |
30 | 100 | 255 | 52.5 | 111 | 223 | 47.4 | 97 |
80 | 255 | 52.5 | 137 | 122 | 31.1 | 95 | |
60 | 255 | 52.5 | 240 | 96 | 27 | 98 | |
40 | 255 | 52.5 | 486 | 39 | 18 | 97 | |
40 | 100 | 255 | 52.5 | 121 | 191 | 42.3 | 102 |
80 | 255 | 52.5 | 147 | 105 | 28.4 | 98 | |
60 | 255 | 52.5 | 250 | 82 | 24.7 | 101 | |
40 | 255 | 52.5 | 496 | 33 | 17 | 101 |
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Ahn, Y.D.; Bae, S.; Kang, S.-J. Power Controllable LED System with Increased Energy Efficiency Using Multi-Sensors for Plant Cultivation. Energies 2017, 10, 1607. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101607
Ahn YD, Bae S, Kang S-J. Power Controllable LED System with Increased Energy Efficiency Using Multi-Sensors for Plant Cultivation. Energies. 2017; 10(10):1607. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101607
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhn, Yong Deok, Sungwoo Bae, and Suk-Ju Kang. 2017. "Power Controllable LED System with Increased Energy Efficiency Using Multi-Sensors for Plant Cultivation" Energies 10, no. 10: 1607. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101607