Residence in Proximity of a Coal-Oil-Fired Thermal Power Plant and Risk of Lung and Bladder Cancer in North-Eastern Italy. A Population-Based Study: 1995–2009
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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<75 Years | ≥75 Years | All Ages | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||||||||||
N | ASR | 95% CI | N | ASR | 95% CI | N | ASR | 95% CI | N | ASR | 95% CI | N | ASR | 95% CI | N | ASR | 95% CI | |
All cancer * | 3813 | 442.2 | (427.9–456.6) | 2716 | 314.9 | (302.5–327.4) | 1892 | 3383 | (3228.8–3537.3) | 1599 | 1593.4 | (1512.4–1674.4) | 5705 | 559.9 | (544.8–575) | 4315 | 366.1 | (353.7–378.5) |
Bladder cancer | 304 | 34.3 | (30.4–38.2) | 79 | 8.6 | (6.7–10.6) | 193 | 339.5 | (291–388) | 74 | 74.2 | (56.6–91.8) | 497 | 46.5 | (42.3–50.8) | 153 | 11.4 | (9.2–13.3) |
Lung cancer | ||||||||||||||||||
All lung carcinoma | 527 | 58.4 | (53.4–63.5) | 153 | 16 | (13.4–18.7) | 274 | 496.5 | (437–555.9) | 122 | 126 | (102.8–149.1) | 801 | 75.9 | (70.5–81.3) | 275 | 20.4 | (17.7–23.1) |
Adenocarcinoma | 131 | 14.6 | (12.1–17.2) | 58 | 6.5 | (4.8–8.2) | 55 | 100.7 | (73.8–127.6) | 24 | 26.8 | (15.7–37.8) | 186 | 18.1 | (15.4–20.8) | 82 | 7.3 | (5.6–9) |
Squamous cell | 135 | 14.7 | (12.2–17.2) | 23 | 2.3 | (1.3–3.3) | 69 | 129.8 | (98.9–160.7) | 17 | 19.9 | (10.2–29.6) | 204 | 19.3 | (16.6–22) | 40 | 3 | (2–4) |
Other | 261 | 29 | (25.5–32.6) | 72 | 7.2 | (5.5–8.9) | 150 | 266 | (222.9–309.1) | 81 | 79.3 | (61.4–97.2) | 411 | 38.5 | (34.7–42.4) | 153 | 10.1 | (8.3–11.9) |
<75 Years | ≥75 Years | All Ages | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||||||||||
N | IRR | 95% CI | N | IRR | 95% CI | N | IRR | 95% CI | N | IRR | 95% CI | N | IRR | 95% CI | N | IRR | 95% CI | |
C6H6 (µg/m3) | ||||||||||||||||||
<1.1 | 175 | 1 | 52 | 1 | 97 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 272 | 1 | 77 | 1 | ||||||
1.1–1.8 | 181 | 1.07 | (0.87–1.32) | 53 | 0.94 | (0.64–1.38) | 89 | 0.91 | (0.71–1.18) | 51 | 1.86 | (1.15–3.00) | 270 | 1.03 | (0.87–1.22) | 104 | 1.09 | (0.81–1.46) |
>1.8 | 171 | 1.04 | (0.84–1.29) | 48 | 0.95 | (0.64–1.41) | 88 | 0.97 | (0.75–1.26) | 46 | 2.00 | (1.23–3.25) | 259 | 1.02 | (0.86–1.21) | 94 | 1.12 | (0.83–1.52) |
NO2 (µg/m3) | ||||||||||||||||||
<16.9 | 172 | 1 | 49 | 1 | 95 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 267 | 1 | 77 | 1 | ||||||
16.9–19.6 | 184 | 1.13 | (0.92–1.39) | 57 | 1.12 | (0.77–1.65) | 88 | 0.93 | (0.72–1.20) | 50 | 1.70 | (1.07–2.71) | 272 | 1.07 | (0.91–1.27) | 107 | 1.23 | (0.92–1.65) |
>19.6 | 171 | 1.07 | (0.86–1.32) | 47 | 0.99 | (0.67–1.48) | 91 | 1.04 | (0.80–1.34) | 44 | 1.72 | (1.07–2.77) | 262 | 1.06 | (0.89–1.25) | 91 | 1.14 | (0.84–1.54) |
PM10 (µg/m3) | ||||||||||||||||||
<40.6 | 181 | 1 | 58 | 1 | 94 | 1 | 26 | 1 | 275 | 1 | 84 | 1 | ||||||
40.6–51.9 | 183 | 1.03 | (0.84–1.27) | 51 | 0.82 | (0.57–1.20) | 97 | 1.00 | (0.78–1.28) | 61 | 2.11 | (1.33–3.33) | 280 | 1.02 | (0.87–1.21) | 112 | 1.02 | (0.77–1.36) |
>51.9 | 163 | 0.99 | (0.81–1.23) | 44 | 0.81 | (0.55–1.20) | 83 | 1.01 | (0.78–1.32) | 35 | 1.57 | (0.94–2.60) | 246 | 1.00 | (0.84–1.19) | 79 | 0.93 | (0.68–1.27) |
SO2 (µg/m3) | ||||||||||||||||||
<34.6 | 184 | 1 | 52 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 27 | 1 | 283 | 1 | 79 | 1 | ||||||
34.6–37.5 | 175 | 1.04 | (0.85–1.28) | 47 | 0.88 | (0.59–1.30) | 91 | 1.01 | (0.79–1.30) | 45 | 1.55 | (0.96–2.49) | 266 | 1.03 | (0.87–1.22) | 92 | 0.98 | (0.73–1.33) |
>37.5 | 168 | 0.97 | (0.79–1.20) | 54 | 1.06 | (0.72–1.55) | 84 | 0.87 | (0.67–1.13) | 50 | 1.71 | (1.07–2.73) | 252 | 0.95 | (0.80–1.12) | 104 | 1.16 | (0.87–1.56) |
<75 Years | ≥75 Years | All Ages | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||||||||||
N | IRR | 95% CI | N | IRR | 95% CI | N | IRR | 95% CI | N | IRR | 95% CI | N | IRR | 95% CI | N | IRR | 95% CI | |
C6H6 (µg/m3) | ||||||||||||||||||
<1.1 | 102 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 65 | 1 | 14 | 1 | 167 | 1 | 39 | 1 | ||||||
1.1–1.8 | 110 | 1.12 | (0.86–1.47) | 25 | 0.89 | (0.51–1.55) | 65 | 0.96 | (0.70–1.31) | 35 | 2.39 | (1.29–4.44) | 175 | 1.07 | (0.87–1.33) | 60 | 1.16 | (0.77–1.73) |
>1.8 | 92 | 0.95 | (0.71–1.25) | 29 | 1.33 | (0.78–2.26) | 63 | 1.05 | (0.77–1.44) | 25 | 1.94 | (1.01–3.74) | 155 | 0.98 | (0.79–1.22) | 54 | 1.44 | (0.95–2.17) |
NO2 (µg/m3) | ||||||||||||||||||
<16.9 | 100 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 66 | 1 | 15 | 1 | 166 | 1 | 40 | 1 | ||||||
16.9–19.6 | 108 | 1.13 | (0.86–1.49) | 22 | 0.79 | (0.44–1.40) | 61 | 0.92 | (0.67–1.27) | 32 | 1.97 | (1.07–3.63) | 169 | 1.07 | (0.86–1.33) | 54 | 1.02 | (0.68–1.54) |
>19.6 | 96 | 1.02 | (0.77–1.35) | 32 | 1.44 | (0.85–2.43) | 66 | 1.10 | (0.80–1.49) | 27 | 1.94 | (1.03–3.65) | 162 | 1.04 | (0.84–1.30) | 59 | 1.53 | (1.03–2.29) |
PM10 (µg/m3) | ||||||||||||||||||
<40.6 | 96 | 1 | 27 | 1 | 72 | 1 | 15 | 1 | 168 | 1 | 42 | 1 | ||||||
40.6–51.9 | 114 | 1.18 | (0.90–1.55) | 27 | 0.91 | (0.53–1.55) | 69 | 0.92 | (0.68–1.26) | 37 | 2.39 | (1.31–4.35) | 183 | 1.10 | (0.89–1.36) | 64 | 1.16 | (0.78–1.71) |
>51.9 | 94 | 1.06 | (0.80–1.41) | 25 | 1.10 | (0.64–1.90) | 52 | 0.88 | (0.63–1.23) | 22 | 1.78 | (0.92–3.44) | 146 | 1.00 | (0.80–1.25) | 47 | 1.21 | (0.80–1.84) |
SO2 (µg/m3) | ||||||||||||||||||
<34.6 | 98 | 1 | 24 | 1 | 68 | 1 | 18 | 1 | 166 | 1 | 42 | 1 | ||||||
34.6–37.5 | 115 | 1.28 | (0.98–1.68) | 24 | 1.03 | (0.58–1.81) | 54 | 0.89 | (0.64–1.24) | 32 | 1.75 | (0.98–3.12) | 169 | 1.16 | (0.94–1.44) | 56 | 1.19 | (0.80–1.78) |
>37.5 | 91 | 0.97 | (0.73–1.29) | 31 | 1.43 | (0.84–2.43) | 71 | 1.14 | (0.84–1.55) | 24 | 1.27 | (0.69–2.34) | 162 | 1.02 | (0.82–1.27) | 55 | 1.39 | (0.93–2.08) |
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Collarile, P.; Bidoli, E.; Barbone, F.; Zanier, L.; Del Zotto, S.; Fuser, S.; Stel, F.; Panato, C.; Gallai, I.; Serraino, D. Residence in Proximity of a Coal-Oil-Fired Thermal Power Plant and Risk of Lung and Bladder Cancer in North-Eastern Italy. A Population-Based Study: 1995–2009. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 860. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080860
Collarile P, Bidoli E, Barbone F, Zanier L, Del Zotto S, Fuser S, Stel F, Panato C, Gallai I, Serraino D. Residence in Proximity of a Coal-Oil-Fired Thermal Power Plant and Risk of Lung and Bladder Cancer in North-Eastern Italy. A Population-Based Study: 1995–2009. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(8):860. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080860
Chicago/Turabian StyleCollarile, Paolo, Ettore Bidoli, Fabio Barbone, Loris Zanier, Stefania Del Zotto, Simonetta Fuser, Fulvio Stel, Chiara Panato, Irene Gallai, and Diego Serraino. 2017. "Residence in Proximity of a Coal-Oil-Fired Thermal Power Plant and Risk of Lung and Bladder Cancer in North-Eastern Italy. A Population-Based Study: 1995–2009" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 8: 860. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080860