Patterns and Associated Factors of Caesarean Delivery Intention among Expectant Mothers in China: Implications from the Implementation of China’s New National Two-Child Policy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Participants and Methods
2.1. Ethical Approval
2.2. Research Method
2.3. Population and Sample
2.4. Face Validation and Content Validity
2.5. Sampling Framework
2.6. Survey Administration
2.6.1. Participants—Pregnant Women Feeding Service Social Media-QQ Group
2.6.2. Network Communication among Team Members
2.6.3. Investigators
2.6.4. Process of Development of Questionnaire
2.6.5. Pilot Study
2.6.6. Work Manual of Investigators
2.6.7. Questionnaire
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics of Expectant Mothers
3.2. Ordered Multivariate Logistic Regression for Caesarean Delivery Intention
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Model of Delivery | ||
---|---|---|---|
Normal Delivery | Caesarean Delivery | Unsure Prior to Delivery | |
Parity | |||
Expectant Mothers in their First Pregnancy | 1133 (64.56%) | 156 (8.89%) | 466 (26.55%) |
Expectant Mothers in their Second Pregnancy | 273 (46.27%) | 198 (33.56%) | 119 (20.17%) |
Hospital level | |||
Level 3A hospital | 1066 (58.44%) | 270 (14.80%) | 488 (26.75%) |
Level 2A hospitals | 198 (63.67%) | 59 (18.97%) | 54 (17.36%) |
Level 2B hospitals and below | 142 (67.62%) | 43 (20.48%) | 25 (11.90%) |
Nationality | |||
Han nationality | 1342 (59.59%) | 346 (15.36%) | 564 (25.04%) |
Minority | 64 (68.82%) | 8 (8.60%) | 21 (22.58%) |
Single-child | |||
Yes | 608 (58.13%) | 166 (15.87%) | 272 (26.00%) |
No | 798 (61.43%) | 188 (14.47%) | 313 (24.10%) |
Husband was single-child | |||
Yes | 698 (59.51%) | 165 (14.07%) | 310 (26.43%) |
No | 708 (60.41%) | 189 (16.13%) | 275 (23.46%) |
Marital status | |||
Unmarried | 28 (57.14%) | 10 (20.41%) | 11 (22.45%) |
Primary marriage | 1333 (60.45%) | 326 (14.78%) | 546 (24.76%) |
Remarried | 35 (50.00%) | 14 (20.00%) | 21 (30.00%) |
Divorced or Widowed | 10 (47.62%) | 4 (19.05%) | 7 (33.33%) |
Education level | |||
Basic education | 231 (57.46%) | 71 (17.66%) | 100 (24.88%) |
Secondary education | 195 (55.08%) | 63 (17.80%) | 96 (27.12% |
Higher education | 980 (61.67%) | 220 (13.85%) | 389 (24.48%) |
Residence | |||
Urban | 1132 (60.21%) | 292 (15.53%) | 456 (24.26%) |
Rural | 274 (58.92%) | 62 (13.33%) | 129(27.74%) |
The per capita income of the family | |||
<¥4500 | 357 (58.43%) | 93 (15.22%) | 161 (26.35%) |
¥4500 and ¥9000 | 600 (60.67%) | 148 (14.96%) | 241 (24.37%) |
>¥9000 | 449 (60.27%) | 113 (15.17%) | 183 (24.56%) |
Occupation | |||
Rural migrant workers | 66 (55.93%) | 18 (15.25%) | 34 (28.81%) |
Urban and rural unemployed | 334 (60.40%) | 84 (15.19%) | 135 (24.41%) |
Industrial workers of Non-agricultural registered permanent residence | 26 (52.00%) | 7 (14.00%) | 17 (34.00%) |
Individual business | 110 (55.28%) | 33 (16.58%) | 56 (28.14%) |
Business services staff | 94 (60.65%) | 19 (12.26%) | 42 (27.10%) |
Civil servants | 250 (62.81% | 63 (15.83%) | 85 (21.36%) |
Senior manager and Middle-level manager in large and medium enterprise | 53 (55.21%) | 18 (18.75%) | 25 (26.04%) |
Private entrepreneur | 49 (56.32%) | 16 (18.39%) | 22 (25.29%) |
Professionals | 159 (65.16%) | 30 (12.30%) | 55 (22.54%) |
Clerk | 80 (57.55%) | 23 (16.55%) | 36 (25.90%) |
Students | 10 (66.67%) | 3 (20.00%) | 2 (13.33%) |
Others | 175 (60.14%) | 40 (13.75%) | 76 (26.12%) |
Trimester of pregnancy | |||
first trimester | 159 (54.27%) | 42 (14.33%) | 92 (31.40%) |
second trimester | 417 (59.49%) | 97 (13.84%) | 187 (26.68%) |
third trimester | 830 (61.44%) | 215 (15.91%) | 306 (22.65%) |
Advanced age in pregnancy | |||
YES | 1306 (62.13%) | 263 (12.51%) | 533 (25.36%) |
NO | 100 (41.15%) | 91 (37.45%) | 52 (21.40%) |
Parameter | Estimate | SE | 95% CI | p−Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept1 | −1.8751 | 0.2226 | −2.3144 | −1.4416 | <0.0001 | |
Intercept2 | −0.4713 | 0.2182 | −0.9017 | −0.0458 | 0.0308 | |
Nationality | Minority | −0.4863 | 0.2337 | −0.9588 | −0.0398 | 0.0374 |
Han nationality (ref.) | ||||||
Single-child | YES | 0.1596 | 0.0878 | −0.0126 | 0.3318 | 0.0693 |
NO (ref.) | ||||||
husband is single-child | YES | 0.0459 | 0.0864 | −0.1235 | 0.2154 | 0.5955 |
NO (ref.) | ||||||
Marital status | Remarried | 0.1946 | 0.2905 | −0.3896 | 0.7550 | 0.5031 |
Divorced or Widowed | −0.1378 | 0.2403 | −0.6160 | 0.3283 | 0.5664 | |
Unmarried | 0.4069 | 0.4229 | −0.4470 | 1.2259 | 0.3359 | |
Marriage (ref.) | ||||||
Education level | Secondary education | 0.1466 | 0.1491 | −0.1458 | 0.4390 | 0.3256 |
Higher education | −0.0757 | 0.1342 | −0.3377 | 0.1884 | 0.5724 | |
Basic education (ref.) | ||||||
Residence | Urban | 0.0452 | 0.1166 | −0.1822 | 0.2750 | 0.6984 |
Rural(ref.) | ||||||
Per capita income of the family | ¥4500 and ¥9000 | −0.0266 | 0.1089 | −0.2397 | 0.1874 | 0.8070 |
>¥9000 | −0.0450 | 0.1210 | −0.2821 | 0.1925 | 0.7101 | |
<¥4500 (ref.) | ||||||
Occupation | Rural migrant workers | −0.1822 | 0.2368 | −0.6497 | 0.2797 | 0.4418 |
Urban and rural unemployed | −0.0235 | 0.1518 | −0.3201 | 0.2754 | 0.8769 | |
Industrial workers of Non-agricultural registered permanent residence | 0.2405 | 0.2995 | −0.3569 | 0.8210 | 0.4220 | |
Individual business | 0.0240 | 0.1851 | −0.3398 | 0.3863 | 0.8966 | |
Business services staff | −0.0892 | 0.2034 | −0.4908 | 0.3074 | 0.6610 | |
civil servants | −0.0516 | 0.1592 | −0.3632 | 0.2612 | 0.7459 | |
Senior manager and Middle-level manager in large and medium enterprise | 0.1164 | 0.2362 | −0.3513 | 0.5760 | 0.6220 | |
Private entrepreneur | 0.0050 | 0.2436 | −0.4784 | 0.4783 | 0.9836 | |
Professionals | −0.2331 | 0.1804 | −0.5882 | 0.1195 | 0.1964 | |
Clerks | 0.0927 | 0.2079 | −0.3176 | 0.4982 | 0.6558 | |
Students | 0.0421 | 0.5717 | −1.1665 | 1.1193 | 0.9413 | |
Others (ref.) | ||||||
Parity | Expectant Mother of Second Pregnancy | 0.8526 | 0.1050 | 0.6467 | 1.0584 | <0.0001 |
Expectant Mother of First Pregnancy (ref.) | ||||||
Trimester of pregnancy | Mid-pregnancy women | −0.2656 | 0.1377 | −0.5348 | 0.0053 | 0.0537 |
Late-stage pregnant women | −0.2726 | 0.1276 | −0.5215 | −0.0209 | 0.0327 | |
Early pregnant women (ref.) | ||||||
Elderly pregnancy | YES | 0.7454 | 0.1457 | 0.4593 | 1.0308 | <0.0001 |
NO (ref.) |
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Wang, L.; Xu, X.; Baker, P.; Tong, C.; Zhang, L.; Qi, H.; Zhao, Y. Patterns and Associated Factors of Caesarean Delivery Intention among Expectant Mothers in China: Implications from the Implementation of China’s New National Two-Child Policy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13070686
Wang L, Xu X, Baker P, Tong C, Zhang L, Qi H, Zhao Y. Patterns and Associated Factors of Caesarean Delivery Intention among Expectant Mothers in China: Implications from the Implementation of China’s New National Two-Child Policy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(7):686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13070686
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Lianlian, Xianglong Xu, Philip Baker, Chao Tong, Lei Zhang, Hongbo Qi, and Yong Zhao. 2016. "Patterns and Associated Factors of Caesarean Delivery Intention among Expectant Mothers in China: Implications from the Implementation of China’s New National Two-Child Policy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 7: 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13070686