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• Nogueira, I
• Lobo-da-Cunha, A
• Afonso, A
• Rivera, S
• Azevedo, J
• Monteiro, R
• Cervantes, R
• Gago-Martinez, A
• Vasconcelos, V
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• Nogueira, I
• Lobo-da-Cunha, A
• Afonso, A
• Rivera, S
• Azevedo, J
• Monteiro, R
• Cervantes, R
• Gago-Martinez, A
• Vasconcelos, V
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• Nogueira, I
• Lobo-da-Cunha, A
• Afonso, A
• Rivera, S
• Azevedo, J
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• Vasconcelos, V

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Mar. Drugs 2010, 8(10), 2721-2732; doi:10.3390/md8102721

Article

Toxic Effects of Domoic Acid in the Seabream Sparus aurata

Isabel Nogueira¹ , Alexandre Lobo-da-Cunha^1,2 , António Afonso¹ , Socorro Rivera³ , Joana Azevedo¹ , Rogério Monteiro^1,4 , Rosa Cervantes³ , Ana Gago-Martinez³  and Vítor Vasconcelos^1,5,*

¹ CIIMAR/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 177-289, 4150-123 Porto, Portugal ² Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS, Lg. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal ³ Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, As Lagoas Marcosende C.P. 36210, Spain ⁴ Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS, Lg. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal ⁵ Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 4169-007 Porto, Portugal

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 8 September 2010; in revised form: 7 October 2010 / Accepted: 14 October 2010 / Published: 15 October 2010

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Abstract: Neurotoxicity induced in fish by domoic acid (DA) was assessed with respect to occurrence of neurotoxic signs, lethality, and histopathology by light microscopy. Sparus aurata were exposed to a single dose of DA by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0, 0.45, 0.9, and 9.0 mg DA kg⁻¹ bw. Mortality (66.67 ± 16.67%) was only observed in dose of 9.0 mg kg⁻¹ bw. Signs of neurological toxicity were detected for the doses of 0.9 and 9.0 mg DA kg⁻¹ bw. Furthermore, the mean concentrations (±SD) of DA detected by HPLC-UV in extracts of brain after exposure to 9.0 mg DA kg⁻¹ bw were 0.61 ± 0.01, 0.96 ± 0.00, and 0.36 ± 0.01 mg DA kg⁻¹ tissue at 1, 2, and 4 hours. The lack of major permanent brain damage in S. aurata, and reversibility of neurotoxic signs, suggest that lower susceptibility to DA or neuronal recovery occurs in affected individuals.

Keywords: domoic acid; amnesic shellfish poisoning; Pseudo-nitzschia; algal neurotoxin; Sparus aurata

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