Macropore Regulation of Hydroxyapatite Osteoinduction via Microfluidic Pathway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Macro-Pore Structure Properties of HASAs and HAPPs
2.2. General Conditions of Animals
2.3. The Histological Characterization of Ectopic Bone Formation and Blood Vessel Ingrowth
2.4. Compressive Strength of Reconstructed Scaffolds
2.5. Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow in the Scaffolds
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. HA Scaffolds Preparation
4.1.1. Two Macro-Pore Sizes of HASAs Preparation
4.1.2. Two Macro-Pore Sizes of HAPPs Preparation
4.2. Animal Experiment
4.3. Sample Preparation
4.4. Histology, Histomorphometry, and Compression Tests
4.5. Mathematical Models of the Macroporous Structure of 3D Scaffolds and Microfluidic Pathway
4.5.1. Geometry Reconstruction
4.5.2. CFD Model Creation
4.5.3. Mesh and Numerical Simulation
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Implant Time | Scaffold | Dorsal Muscle | Abdominal Cavity | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Bone Location | New Bone Formation (%) | Vessel Density (mm−2) | New Bone Location | New Bone Formation (%) | Vessel Density (mm−2) | ||
1 M | L-HASAs | \ | \ | 2.34 ± 0.55 | \ | \ | 1.86 ± 0.31 |
S-HASAs | \ | \ | 1.60 ± 0.79 | \ | \ | 1.43 ± 1.02 | |
L-HAPPs | Central | 4.27 ± 1.85 | 2.67 ± 0.79 | Central | 3.06 ± 0.94 | 1.83 ± 0.23 | |
S-HAPPs | \ | \ | 1.64 ± 0.21 | \ | \ | 1.39 ± 0.83 | |
3 M | L-HASAs | Outer | 10.36 ± 1.48 | 3.18 ± 0.37 | Outer | 5.47 ± 1.93 | 2.59 ± 0.41 |
S-HASAs | Outer | 6.18 ± 2.5 | 3.31 ± 0.72 | Outer | 1.74 ± 0.47 | 2.13 ± 0.47 | |
L-HAPPs | All | 16.57 ± 2.79 | 4.12 ± 0.83 | All | 6.38 ± 2.05 | 3.15 ± 0.37 | |
S-HAPPs | Central | 2.14 ± 1.33 | 2.58 ± 0.62 | Central | 1.28 ± 0.34 | 1.75 ± 0.15 | |
6 M | L-HASAs | All | 22.27 ± 2.89 | 4.02 ± 0.46 | Outer | 10.28 ± 2.06 | 3.17 ± 0.51 |
S-HASAs | Outer | 14.0 ± 3.67 | 4.78 ± 0.45 | Outer | 5.65 ± 1.17 | 2.87 ± 0.39 | |
L-HAPPs | All | 28.31 ± 3.06 | 6.44 ± 0.75 | All | 15.93 ± 3.87 | 4.38 ± 0.53 | |
S-HAPPs | All | 7.61 ± 2.48 | 3.11 ± 1.03 | Central | 3.94 ± 1.33 | 1.90 ± 0.63 |
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Shi, F.; Fang, X.; Zhou, T.; Huang, X.; Duan, K.; Wang, J.; Qu, S.; Zhi, W.; Weng, J. Macropore Regulation of Hydroxyapatite Osteoinduction via Microfluidic Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 11459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911459
Shi F, Fang X, Zhou T, Huang X, Duan K, Wang J, Qu S, Zhi W, Weng J. Macropore Regulation of Hydroxyapatite Osteoinduction via Microfluidic Pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(19):11459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911459
Chicago/Turabian StyleShi, Feng, Xin Fang, Teng Zhou, Xu Huang, Ke Duan, Jianxin Wang, Shuxin Qu, Wei Zhi, and Jie Weng. 2022. "Macropore Regulation of Hydroxyapatite Osteoinduction via Microfluidic Pathway" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19: 11459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911459