Journal Description
Veterinary Sciences
Veterinary Sciences
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on veterinary sciences published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, Embase, PubAg, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Veterinary Sciences) / CiteScore - Q2 (General Veterinary)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 19.6 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.4 (2022)
Latest Articles
Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus among Equids in Bulgaria in 2022 and Assessment of Some Risk Factors
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050209 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the seroprevalence of West Nile virus (WNV) among equids in Bulgaria, confirm the results of a competitive ELISA versus the virus neutralization test (VNT) and investigate some predisposing factors for WNV seropositivity. A total of
[...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to analyze the seroprevalence of West Nile virus (WNV) among equids in Bulgaria, confirm the results of a competitive ELISA versus the virus neutralization test (VNT) and investigate some predisposing factors for WNV seropositivity. A total of 378 serum samples from 15 provinces in northern and southern Bulgaria were tested. The samples originated from 314 horses and 64 donkeys, 135 males and 243 females, aged from 1 to 30 years. IgG and IgM antibodies against WNV protein E were detected by ELISA. ELISA-positive samples were additionally tested via VNT for WNV and Usutu virus. Thirty-five samples were WNV-positive by ELISA (9.26% [CI = 6.45–12.88]), of which 15 were confirmed by VNT; hence, the seroprevalence was 3.97% (CI = 2.22–6.55). No virus-neutralizing antibodies to Usutu virus were detected among the 35 WNV-ELISA-positive equids in Bulgaria. When compared with VNT, ELISA showed 100.0% sensitivity and 94.5% specificity. A statistical analysis showed that the risk factors associated with WNV seropositivity were the region (p < 0.0001), altitude of the locality (p < 0.0001), type of housing (p < 0.0001) and breed (p = 0.0365). The results of the study demonstrate, albeit indirectly, that WNV circulates among equids in northern and southern Bulgaria, indicating that they could be suitable sentinel animals for predicting human cases and determining the risk in these areas or regions of the country.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding and Controlling Zoonoses under the Prospective of Global Health)
Open AccessArticle
Establishment of a Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for the Characterization of Avibacterium paragallinarum
by
Mengjiao Guo, Yikun Jin, Haonan Wang, Xiaorong Zhang and Yantao Wu
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050208 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
Infectious coryza is an acute respiratory infection caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, which is widely distributed throughout the world. However, there is no effective molecular typing scheme to obtain basic knowledge about the Av. paragallinarum population structure. This study aimed to develop a
[...] Read more.
Infectious coryza is an acute respiratory infection caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, which is widely distributed throughout the world. However, there is no effective molecular typing scheme to obtain basic knowledge about the Av. paragallinarum population structure. This study aimed to develop a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for Av. paragallinarum that allows for the worldwide comparison of sequence data. For this purpose, the genetic variability of 59 Av. paragallinarum strains from different geographical origins and serovars was analyzed to identify correlations. The MLST scheme was developed using seven conserved housekeeping genes, which identified eight STs that clustered all of the strains into three evolutionary branches. The analytical evaluation of the clone group relationship between the STs revealed two clone complexes (CC1 and CC2) and three singletons (ST2, ST5, and ST6). Most of the isolates from China belonged to ST1 and ST3 in CC1. ST8 from Peru and ST7 from North America together formed CC2. Our results showed that the Av. paragallinarum strains isolated from China had a distant genetic relationship with CC2, indicating strong regional specificity. The MLST scheme established in this study can monitor the dynamics and genetic differences of Av. paragallinarum transmission.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Clinicopathological and Molecular Analysis of Aqueous Humor for the Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis
by
Angelica Stranieri, Stefania Lauzi and Saverio Paltrinieri
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050207 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Background: This study was designed to assess the diagnostic utility for FIP of cytology, protein measurement and RT-PCR for feline coronaviruses (FCoV) on aqueous humor (AH), since little information is currently available. Methods: AH samples (n = 85) were collected post-mortem from
[...] Read more.
Background: This study was designed to assess the diagnostic utility for FIP of cytology, protein measurement and RT-PCR for feline coronaviruses (FCoV) on aqueous humor (AH), since little information is currently available. Methods: AH samples (n = 85) were collected post-mortem from 13 cats with effusive FIP (E-FIP), 15 with non-effusive FIP (NE-FIP) and 16 without FIP, to perform cytology (n = 83) and RT-PCR (n = 66) and to calculate their sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−). The protein concentration was measured on 80 fluids. Results: The proportion of RT-PCR positive samples did not differ among groups, while positive cytology was more frequent in samples with FIP (p = 0.042) or positive RT-PCR (p = 0.007). Compared with other groups, the protein concentration was higher in samples with NE-FIP (p = 0.017), positive RT-PCR (p = 0.005) or positive cytology (p < 0.001). The specificity of cytology together with RT-PCR, cytology alone, RT-PCR alone and cytological proteinaceous background were 90.0%, 84.6%, 70.0%, 61.5%, and the LRs 3.48, 2.65, 1.83, 1.64, respectively. However, their sensitivities were low (34.8–63.0%) and their LR− high (0.60–0.72). Conclusions: Based on the LR+, cytology and/or RT-PCR may support the diagnosis when the pre-test probability of FIP is high. The concentration of intraocular protein is a promising marker, especially in NE-FIP.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
miR-329b-5p Affects Sheep Intestinal Epithelial Cells against Escherichia coli F17 Infection
by
Yeling Xu, Weihao Chen, Huiguo Yang, Zhenghai Song, Yeqing Wang, Rui Su, Joram M. Mwacharo, Xiaoyang Lv and Wei Sun
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050206 - 8 May 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Diarrhea is the most common issue in sheep farms, typically due to pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections, such as E. coli F17. microRNA, a primary type of non-coding RNA, has been shown to be involved in diarrhea caused by pathogenic
[...] Read more.
Diarrhea is the most common issue in sheep farms, typically due to pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections, such as E. coli F17. microRNA, a primary type of non-coding RNA, has been shown to be involved in diarrhea caused by pathogenic E. coli. To elucidate the profound mechanisms of miRNA in E. coli F17 infections, methods such as E. coli F17 adhesion assay, colony counting assay, relative quantification of bacterial E. coli fimbriae gene expression, indirect immune fluorescence (IF), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), Western blotting (WB), and scratch assay were conducted to investigate the effect of miR-329b-5p overexpression/knock-down on E. coli F17 susceptibility of sheep intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The findings indicated that miR-329b-5p enhances the E. coli F17 resistance of sheep IECs to E.coli F17 by promoting adhesion between E. coli F17 and IEC, as well as IEC proliferation and migration. In summary, miR-329b-5p plays a crucial role in the defense of sheep IECs against E. coli F17 infection, providing valuable insights into its mechanism of action.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Haematochemical Profile of Healthy Dogs Seropositive for Single or Multiple Vector-Borne Pathogens
by
Raffaella Cocco, Sara Sechi, Maria Rizzo, Andrea Bonomo, Francesca Arfuso and Elisabetta Giudice
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050205 - 8 May 2024
Abstract
Background: the present study aimed to investigate the immunological response to common vector-borne pathogens and to evaluate their impact on haematochemical parameters in owned dogs. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 400 clinically healthy dogs living in an endemic area (Sardinia Island, Italy).
[...] Read more.
Background: the present study aimed to investigate the immunological response to common vector-borne pathogens and to evaluate their impact on haematochemical parameters in owned dogs. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 400 clinically healthy dogs living in an endemic area (Sardinia Island, Italy). All dogs were serologically tested for VBDs and divided into groups based on their negative (Neg) or positive response towards Ehrlichia (Ehrl), Rickettsia (Rick), Leishmania (Leish), Borrelia (Borr), Anaplasma (Anapl), and Bartonella (Barto). A Kruskall–Wallis’s test, followed by Dunn’s post hoc comparison test, was applied to determine the statistical effect of negativity and single or multiple positivity on the studied parameters. Results: the group of dogs simultaneously presenting antibodies towards Leishmania, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia showed higher values of total proteins, globulins, creatine phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and amylase than dogs that tested negative or dogs with antibodies toward a single pathogen investigated herein. Conclusions: Our results seem to suggest that exposure to more vector-borne pathogens could lead to greater liver function impairment and a greater inflammatory state. Further investigations are needed in order to better clarify how co-infections affect haematochemical patterns in dogs living in endemic areas of VBDs.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Host miR-146a-3p Facilitates Replication of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus by Targeting WNT3a and CCND1
by
Jingwen Huang, Shihao Zheng, Qiuji Li, Hongying Zhao, Xinyue Zhou, Yutong Yang, Wenlong Zhang and Yongsheng Cao
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 204; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050204 - 8 May 2024
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a serious pathogen that causes great economic loss to the salmon and trout industry. Previous studies showed that IHNV alters the expression patterns of splenic microRNAs (miRNAs) in rainbow trout. Among the differentially expressed miRNAs, miRNA146a-3p was
[...] Read more.
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a serious pathogen that causes great economic loss to the salmon and trout industry. Previous studies showed that IHNV alters the expression patterns of splenic microRNAs (miRNAs) in rainbow trout. Among the differentially expressed miRNAs, miRNA146a-3p was upregulated by IHNV. However, it is unclear how IHNV utilizes miRNA146a-3p to escape the immune response or promote viral replication. The present study suggested that one multiplicity of infection (MOI) of IHNV induced the most significant miR-146a-3p expression at 1 day post infection (dpi). The upregulation of miR-146a-3p by IHNV was due to viral N, P, M, and G proteins and relied on the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. Further investigation revealed that Wingless-type MMTV integration site family 3a (WNT3a) and G1/S-specific cyclin-D1-like (CCND1) are the target genes of miRNA-146a-3p. The regulation of IHNV infection by miRNA-146a-3p is dependent on WNT3a and CCND1. MiRNA-146a-3p was required for the downregulation of WNT3a and CCND1 by IHNV. Moreover, we also found that WNT3a and CCND1 are novel proteins that induce the type-I IFN response in RTG-2 cells, and both of them could inhibit the replication of IHNV. Therefore, IHNV-induced upregulation of miRNA-146a-3p promotes early viral replication by suppressing the type-I IFN response by targeting WNT3a and CCND1. This work not only reveals the molecular mechanism of miRNA-146a-3p during IHNV infection but also provides new antiviral targets for IHNV.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessBrief Report
Molecular Identification and Survey of Trichomonad Species in Pigs in Shanxi Province, North China
by
Zi-Rui Wang, Qing-Xin Fan, Jin-Long Wang, Shuo Zhang, Yu-Xuan Wang, Ze-Dong Zhang, Wen-Wei Gao, Xing-Quan Zhu and Qing Liu
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 203; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050203 - 7 May 2024
Abstract
Several trichomonad species have already been identified in pigs, and their pathogenic potential may not be ruled out. To date, however, no information is available regarding the prevalence of trichomonads in pigs in Shanxi Province, North China. In the present study, a total
[...] Read more.
Several trichomonad species have already been identified in pigs, and their pathogenic potential may not be ruled out. To date, however, no information is available regarding the prevalence of trichomonads in pigs in Shanxi Province, North China. In the present study, a total of 362 fecal samples collected from pigs in three representative counties (Qi, Jishan, and Shanyin) in this province were examined for Tetratrichomonas buttreyi, Tritrichomonas foetus, and Pentatrichomonas hominis using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. The overall prevalence of T. buttreyi was 49.72%, and region and age were found to be significantly associated with T. buttreyi infection, respectively. Only one pig fecal sample from Qi County was found to be positive for T. foetus, and all samples were negative for P. hominis. Molecular evolutionary analysis revealed that some T. buttreyi isolates showed complete genetic identity with those reported previously, and some T. buttreyi isolates and one T. foetus isolate showed minor allelic variations compared with those reported previously. This is the report of the molecular epidemiology of T. foetus and T. buttreyi in pigs in Shanxi Province, North China. These findings not only enrich the knowledge on the distribution of these trichomonad species in pigs in China but also provide baseline information for planning future research and control strategies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detection of Parasitic Diseases in Livestock)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Individual- and Herd-Level Milk ELISA Test Status and Incidence for Paratuberculosis in Hubei Province, China
by
Yingyu Chen, Liyue Hou, Abdul Karim Khalid, Ian Duncan Robertson, Yuhao Zhao, Xi Chen and Aizhen Guo
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050202 - 7 May 2024
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is responsible for the persistent infectious illness known as bovine paratuberculosis, which is one of the most easily overlooked diseases in China amid a lack of epidemiological data. In this study, we evaluated the agreement of milk and
[...] Read more.
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is responsible for the persistent infectious illness known as bovine paratuberculosis, which is one of the most easily overlooked diseases in China amid a lack of epidemiological data. In this study, we evaluated the agreement of milk and blood antibody tests for paratuberculosis and showed an overall agreement of 92.0%, with a 95.0% negative coincidence rate and a 78.6% positive coincidence rate. The milk test was then used to examine the prevalence and incidence of dairy cows in Hubei Province, China. We found that, at the individual level, the highest lacto-prevalence reached up to 22.9%; the farm-level prevalence was as high as 92.3% (12/13) and 84.6% (11/13) in January and April 2018, respectively. The total incidence risk of all farms was 6% per three months. We also found that large-scale farms had a significantly lower prevalence and incidence than small-scale farms. Finally, the correlation between paratuberculosis and milk quality was evaluated, and we confirmed that MAP can significantly alter milk quality and raise somatic cell counts in the milk. This study provides valuable information for assessing the prevalence and incidence risk of paratuberculosis in China. It further provides an essential basis for calling for the prevention and control of paratuberculosis in China.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spotlight on Tuberculosis and Mycoplasmosis in Cattle)
Open AccessCommunication
Comparison of St. Thomas II Cardioplegia and Modified Del Nido Cardioplegia in Dogs Undergoing Mitral Valve Surgery
by
Yuki Onuma, Tomohiko Yoshida, Katsuhiro Matsuura, Yuki Aboshi, Mizuki Hasegawa, Shusaku Yamada and Youta Yaginuma
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050201 - 5 May 2024
Abstract
Myocardial protection has become an essential adjunctive procedure in veterinary cardiac surgery. Del Nido cardioplegia is a good alternative to the traditional St. Thomas II (ST) cardioplegia in open heart surgery in humans. This study aims to compare intra- and postoperative results between
[...] Read more.
Myocardial protection has become an essential adjunctive procedure in veterinary cardiac surgery. Del Nido cardioplegia is a good alternative to the traditional St. Thomas II (ST) cardioplegia in open heart surgery in humans. This study aims to compare intra- and postoperative results between ST cardioplegia and modified del Nido (mDN) cardioplegia in mitral valve surgery in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). This retrospective study was conducted using clinical records of 16 MMVD dogs that underwent either ST or mDN cardioplegia. We measured cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, aortic cross-clamp (ACC) time, total operation time, the number of cardioplegia doses, total amount of cardioplegia, required defibrillations, in-hospital mortality and pre- and one-month postoperative echocardiographic variables. CPB (159.4 ± 16.1 vs. 210.1 ± 34.0 min), ACC (101.4 ± 7.0 vs. 136.0 ± 24.8 min) and total operation time (262.3 ± 13.1 vs. 327.0 ± 45.4 min) were significantly shorter in the mDN group (p < 0.05). The number of cardioplegia doses (3.25 ± 0.4 vs. 6.25 ± 1.2) and total amount of cardioplegia (161.3 ± 51.5 vs. 405.0 ± 185.9 mL) in the mDN group were also significantly smaller than the ST group (p < 0.05). No difference was observed in the requirement of defibrillation, in-hospital mortality and pre- and postoperative echocardiographic variables. The utilization of mDN cardioplegia was associated with shorter operative time in mitral valve surgery in dogs.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Surgery)
Open AccessArticle
A Clinical Study on Urinary Clusterin and Cystatin B in Dogs with Spontaneous Acute Kidney Injury
by
Emilia Gordin, Sanna Viitanen, Daniel Gordin, Donald Szlosek, Sarah Peterson, Thomas Spillmann and Mary Anna Labato
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050200 - 2 May 2024
Abstract
Novel biomarkers are needed in diagnosing reliably acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs and in predicting morbidity and mortality after AKI. Our hypothesis was that two novel tubular biomarkers, urinary clusterin (uClust) and cystatin B (uCysB), are elevated in dogs with AKI of
[...] Read more.
Novel biomarkers are needed in diagnosing reliably acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs and in predicting morbidity and mortality after AKI. Our hypothesis was that two novel tubular biomarkers, urinary clusterin (uClust) and cystatin B (uCysB), are elevated in dogs with AKI of different etiologies. In a prospective, longitudinal observational study, we collected serum and urine samples from 18 dogs with AKI of different severity and of various etiology and from 10 healthy control dogs. Urinary clusterin and uCysB were compared at inclusion between dogs with AKI and healthy controls and remeasured one and three months later. Dogs with AKI had higher initial levels of uClust (median 3593 ng/mL; interquartile range [IQR]; 1489–10,483) and uCysB (554 ng/mL; 29–821) compared to healthy dogs (70 ng/mL; 70–70 and 15 ng/mL; 15–15; p < 0.001, respectively). Initial uCysB were higher in dogs that died during the one-month follow-up period (n = 10) (731 ng/mL; 517–940), compared to survivors (n = 8) (25 ng/mL; 15–417 (p = 0.009). Based on these results, uClust and especially uCysB are promising biomarkers of AKI. Further, they might reflect the severity of tubular injury, which is known to be central to the pathology of AKI.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Internal Medicine)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Clinical Use of Molecular Biomarkers in Canine and Feline Oncology: Current and Future
by
Heike Aupperle-Lellbach, Alexandra Kehl, Simone de Brot and Louise van der Weyden
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050199 - 2 May 2024
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers are central to personalised medicine for human cancer patients. It is gaining traction as part of standard veterinary clinical practice for dogs and cats with cancer. Molecular biomarkers can be somatic or germline genomic alterations and can be ascertained from tissues
[...] Read more.
Molecular biomarkers are central to personalised medicine for human cancer patients. It is gaining traction as part of standard veterinary clinical practice for dogs and cats with cancer. Molecular biomarkers can be somatic or germline genomic alterations and can be ascertained from tissues or body fluids using various techniques. This review discusses how these genomic alterations can be determined and the findings used in clinical settings as diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and screening biomarkers. We showcase the somatic and germline genomic alterations currently available to date for testing dogs and cats in a clinical setting, discussing their utility in each biomarker class. We also look at some emerging molecular biomarkers that are promising for clinical use. Finally, we discuss the hurdles that need to be overcome in going ‘bench to bedside’, i.e., the translation from discovery of genomic alterations to adoption by veterinary clinicians. As we understand more of the genomics underlying canine and feline tumours, molecular biomarkers will undoubtedly become a mainstay in delivering precision veterinary care to dogs and cats with cancer.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Biomedical Sciences)
Open AccessArticle
The Establishment of a Novel γ-Interferon In Vitro Release Assay for the Differentiation of Mycobacterial Bovis-Infected and BCG-Vaccinated Cattle
by
Yuhao Zhao, Wentao Fei, Li Yang, Zhijie Xiang, Xi Chen, Yingyu Chen, Changmin Hu, Jianguo Chen and Aizhen Guo
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050198 - 30 Apr 2024
Abstract
BCG vaccination is increasingly reconsidered in the effective prevention of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). However, the primary challenge in BCG vaccination for cattle is the lack of a technique for differentiating between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). This study aimed to establish a novel
[...] Read more.
BCG vaccination is increasingly reconsidered in the effective prevention of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). However, the primary challenge in BCG vaccination for cattle is the lack of a technique for differentiating between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). This study aimed to establish a novel DIVA diagnostic test based on an interferon-gamma in vitro release assay (IGRA). The plasmid encoding three differential antigens (Rv3872, CFP-10, and ESAT-6) absent in BCG genes but present in virulent M. bovis was previously constructed. Thus, a recombinant protein called RCE (Rv3872, CFP-10, and ESAT-6) was expressed, and an RCE-based DIVA IGRA (RCE-IGRA) was established. The RCE concentration was optimized at 4 μg/mL by evaluating 97 cattle (74 of which were bTB-positive, and 23 were negative) using a commercial IGRA bTB diagnostic kit. Further, 84 cattle were tested in parallel with the RCE-IGRA and commercial PPD-based IGRA (PPD-IGRA), and the results showed a high correlation with a kappa value of 0.83. The study included BCG-vaccinated calves (n = 6), bTB-positive cattle (n = 6), and bTB-negative non-vaccinated calves (n = 6). After 3 months post-vaccination, PPD-IGRA generated positive results in both vaccinated and infected calves. However, RCE-IGRA developed positive results in infected calves but negative results in vaccinated calves. In conclusion, this DIVA method has broad prospects in differentiating BCG vaccination from natural infection to prevent bTB.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Effect of Metronidazole versus a Synbiotic on Clinical Course and Core Intestinal Microbiota in Dogs with Acute Diarrhea
by
Helene Stübing, Jan S. Suchodolski, Andrea Reisinger, Melanie Werner, Katrin Hartmann, Stefan Unterer and Kathrin Busch
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050197 - 29 Apr 2024
Abstract
The usefulness of antibiotics in dogs with acute diarrhea (AD) is controversial. It is also unclear what effect metronidazole has on potential enteropathogens such as Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of
[...] Read more.
The usefulness of antibiotics in dogs with acute diarrhea (AD) is controversial. It is also unclear what effect metronidazole has on potential enteropathogens such as Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metronidazole vs. a synbiotic on the clinical course and core intestinal bacteria of dogs with AD. Twenty-seven dogs with AD were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial and treated with either metronidazole (METg) or a synbiotic (SYNg; E. faecium DSM 10663; NCIMB 10415/4b170). The Canine Acute Diarrhea Severity (CADS) index was recorded daily for eleven days. Bacteria were quantified using qPCR. Data were analyzed using mixed models with repeated measures. A higher concentration of E. coli was observed in the METg group vs. the SYNg group on Day 6 (p < 0.0001) and Day 30 (p = 0.01). Metronidazole had no effect on C. perfringens. C. hiranonis was significantly lower in the METg group than in the SYNg group on Days 6 and 30 (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0015). No significant differences were observed in CADS index, fecal consistency, or defecation frequency between treatment groups (except for the CADS index on one single day). In conclusion, metronidazole negatively impacts the microbiome without affecting clinical outcomes. Thus, synbiotics might be a preferred treatment option for dogs with AD.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digestive Diseases of Dogs and Cats)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Comparison of Xylazine and Lidocaine Infusion versus Medetomidine Continuous Rate Infusion during General Anesthesia with Isoflurane in Horses Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy
by
Paola Straticò, Giulia Guerri, Lorenza Bandera, Gianluca Celani, Laura Di Nunzio, Lucio Petrizzi and Vincenzo Varasano
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050196 - 29 Apr 2024
Abstract
(1) The main goals of general anesthesia include pain management and a safe anesthetic protocol for smooth recovery. In this retrospective study, we compared two anesthetic protocols for general anesthesia with isoflurane during emergency laparotomy: sedation with xylazine and the intraoperative infusion of
[...] Read more.
(1) The main goals of general anesthesia include pain management and a safe anesthetic protocol for smooth recovery. In this retrospective study, we compared two anesthetic protocols for general anesthesia with isoflurane during emergency laparotomy: sedation with xylazine and the intraoperative infusion of lidocaine (X group) versus medetomidine as a preoperative sedation and intraoperative infusion (M group). (2) The medical records of horses who underwent emergency laparotomies between 2016 and 2023 were reviewed. According to the anesthetic protocol, patients were allocated to the X or M groups. Data about the horse, signalment, history, and anesthetic variables were analyzed. (3) Group X had a significantly higher heart rate (HR), lower respiratory rate (RR) and mean and diastolic arterial pressure (MAP/DAP). A progressive increase in HR and RR was observed in both groups. Group X underwent a decrease in RR and an increase in DAP. In Group M, a decrease in MAP and DAP was observed. Group M exhibited a longer recovery time with similar recovery scores. Both protocols provided safe anesthesia for emergency laparotomy, with minor cardiovascular and respiratory depression. Minor respiratory depression was detected when xylazine was used, while recovery was longer with medetomidine.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equine Anesthesia, Obstetrics and Surgery)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales at the Human–Domestic Animal–Wildlife Interface: A One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance in Piauí, Northeastern Brazil
by
Sandy Kelly S. M. da Silva, Danny A. Fuentes-Castillo, Ana Carolina Ewbank, Carlos Sacristán, José L. Catão-Dias, Anaiá P. Sevá, Nilton Lincopan, Sharon L. Deem, Lauro C. S. Feitosa and Lilian S. Catenacci
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050195 - 28 Apr 2024
Abstract
The use, misuse, and overuse of antimicrobials is one of the main public health threats of the 21st century. We investigated the risk factor of the presence of extended-spectrum, cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in feces of non-domestic and domestic birds and other domestic animals in
[...] Read more.
The use, misuse, and overuse of antimicrobials is one of the main public health threats of the 21st century. We investigated the risk factor of the presence of extended-spectrum, cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in feces of non-domestic and domestic birds and other domestic animals in Piauí State, northeast Brazil. We collected a total of 387 cloacal and rectal swab samples of free-living birds, domestic birds, and domestic mammals in five municipalities: Amarante, Água Branca, Lagoa Alegre, Parnaíba, and Teresina. A total of 59/387 (15.2%) of these samples harbored extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales. Using the MALDI-TOF technique, we identified fifty-seven samples as Escherichia coli and two samples as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Teresina and Parnaíba had the highest prevalence of animals with resistant bacteria (32.1% and 27.1%, respectively) and highest exposure risk factor (OR of 16.06 and 8.58, respectively, and p < 0.001 for all). Multidrug-resistant, ESBL-producing Enterobacterales were observed in 72.8% of the samples (43/59). For the free-living birds, the positive samples belonged to a great kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) and a semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) in migratory and resident species, respectively. For domestic animals, the swine samples showed the highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. The lack of access to veterinary care and information regarding antimicrobial therapy, along with the easy access to antimicrobials without medical prescription, favors the inadequate use of antimicrobials in Piauí.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessCommunication
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Clinical Cases of Waterfowl in Hungary between 2022 and 2023
by
Ádám Kerek, Ábel Szabó and Ákos Jerzsele
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050194 - 28 Apr 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The waterfowl industry represents a narrow, yet economically significant, sector within the poultry industry. Although less prominent, the waterfowl sector is nonetheless of equal importance to any other livestock sector in terms of antimicrobial resistance and animal health issues. This study assesses the
[...] Read more.
The waterfowl industry represents a narrow, yet economically significant, sector within the poultry industry. Although less prominent, the waterfowl sector is nonetheless of equal importance to any other livestock sector in terms of antimicrobial resistance and animal health issues. This study assesses the antimicrobial resistance profile of Pasteurella multocida bacterial strains isolated from clinical cases in Hungary’s duck and goose populations, determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 27 samples collected from 15 different locations. The results indicate that the isolated strains were susceptible to most antibiotics, except for notable resistance to enrofloxacin. These findings support that Pasteurella multocida largely retained its susceptibility. However, the observed resistance to enrofloxacin suggests overuse of fluoroquinolones, which indicates the potential need for stricter regulation of their use in the poultry industry.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Ex Vivo Immune Function and Modulatory Effects of Calcitriol in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Diabetes Mellitus
by
Jared A. Jaffey, Rachael Kreisler, Thomas K. Graves, Layla Al-Nakkash, Robert C. Backus and Lauren Allison
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050193 - 28 Apr 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Human patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are susceptible to several long-term complications that are related to glycemic control and immune dysregulation. Immune function remains relatively unexplored in dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus (NODM). Calcitriol improves various aspects of immune function
[...] Read more.
Human patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are susceptible to several long-term complications that are related to glycemic control and immune dysregulation. Immune function remains relatively unexplored in dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus (NODM). Calcitriol improves various aspects of immune function in a variety of species, but its effect in diabetic dogs remains unexplored. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate immune function in dogs with NODM and determine if differences exist based on the level of clinical control and (ii) assess the immunomodulatory effects of calcitriol. Twenty diabetic dogs (clinically controlled, n = ten, not controlled, n = ten) and 20 non-diabetic, healthy control dogs were included in this prospective, case–control study. Whole blood was incubated with calcitriol (10−7 M) or negative control, after which the samples were divided for phagocytosis and leukocyte cytokine response experiments. The phagocytosis of opsonized Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated with flow cytometry. The samples for leukocyte cytokine response evaluations were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), or phosphate buffer solution (PBS; negative control), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were measured in supernatant using a canine-specific multiplex bead-based assay. The leukocytes from diabetic dogs produced higher concentrations of IL-10 (p = 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.0001), and IL-8 (p < 0.0001) than the control dogs while controlling for the intervention and stimulant. Calcitriol decreased the supernatant concentrations of TNF-α (p < 0.001) and IL-8 (p = 0.04) with concomitant increases in IL-6 (p = 0.005). Diabetic dogs had a lower percentage of leukocytes undergoing phagocytosis (p < 0.0001) but a higher number of bacteria phagocytized per cell (p = 0.001) when compared to the control dogs. Calcitriol had no effect on phagocytic capacity. Lastly, the status of clinical control in diabetic dogs did not yield differences in immune function. These results support that dogs with NODM exhibit immune dysregulation and warrant additional investigation.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Clinical Findings and Outcome in 30 Dogs with Presumptive or Confirmed Nerve Sheath Tumors
by
Rachel S. Cooper-Khan, Alexandra N. Frankovich, Craig A. Thompson, Stephanie A. Thomovsky and Melissa J. Lewis
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050192 - 28 Apr 2024
Abstract
Nerve sheath tumors (NSTs) are well-recognized primary nervous system tumors, but there is relatively limited information in dogs including comparison of NSTs in different anatomical locations. This retrospective study describes the clinical features and outcomes in a group of dogs with NSTs affecting
[...] Read more.
Nerve sheath tumors (NSTs) are well-recognized primary nervous system tumors, but there is relatively limited information in dogs including comparison of NSTs in different anatomical locations. This retrospective study describes the clinical features and outcomes in a group of dogs with NSTs affecting the cranial nerves or spinal nerves. Thirty dogs were included, 25 with a presumptive diagnosis and five confirmed by histopathologic analysis. Seven dogs also had cytology of tumor samples, which were supportive of the NST diagnosis in four. Eight dogs had cranial nerve-associated NSTs, with six involving the trigeminal nerve. Twenty-two dogs had spinal nerve-associated NSTs including 13 invading the spinal canal and nine peripheral to the spinal canal, with the majority affecting nerves or nerve roots of the brachial plexus. The prognosis was poor, with dogs being euthanized eventually because of disease progression. Among dogs alive 1 week after diagnosis, the median survival time was 4 months but ranged from 2 weeks to >2 years. While there was a broad overlap between NST locations, survival was generally longer for dogs without spinal canal or intracranial involvement. The results expand available information on NSTs in dogs but should be interpreted with caution given the small number of dogs with a definitive diagnosis. Further investigation is warranted to determine how tumor location, invasiveness, and treatments pursued impact outcome.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurology and Neurosurgery in Small Animals)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessFeature PaperArticle
The Development of a Multienzyme Isothermal Rapid Amplification Assay to Visually Detect Duck Hepatitis B Virus
by
Shuqi Xu, Yuanzhuo Man, Xin Xu, Jun Ji, Yan Wang, Lunguang Yao, Qingmei Xie and Yingzuo Bi
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050191 - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) is widely prevalent in global ducks and has been identified in Chinese geese with a high prevalence; the available detection techniques are time-consuming and require sophisticated equipment. In this study, an assay combining multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA)
[...] Read more.
Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) is widely prevalent in global ducks and has been identified in Chinese geese with a high prevalence; the available detection techniques are time-consuming and require sophisticated equipment. In this study, an assay combining multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was developed for the efficient and rapid detection of DHBV. The primary reaction condition of the MIRA assay for DHBV detection was 10 min at 38 °C without a temperature cycler. Combined with the LFD assay, the complete procedure of the newly developed MIRA assay for DHBV detection required only 15 min, which is about one-fourth of the reaction time for routine polymerase chain reaction assay. And electrophoresis and gel imaging equipment were not required for detection and to read the results. Furthermore, the detection limit of MIRA was 45.6 copies per reaction, which is approximately 10 times lower than that of a routine polymerase chain reaction assay. The primer set and probe had much simpler designs than loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and they were only specific to DHBV, with no cross-reactivity with duck hepatitis A virus subtype 1 and duck hepatitis A virus subtype 3, goose parvovirus, duck enteritis virus, duck circovirus, or Riemerella anatipestifer. In this study, we offer a simple, fast, and accurate assay method to identify DHBV in clinical serum samples of ducks and geese, which would be suitable for widespread application in field clinics.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Evolution Analysis of Virus Infection in Poultry and Wild Birds)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Equine Musculoskeletal Pathologies: Clinical Approaches and Therapeutical Perspectives—A Review
by
Inês L. Reis, Bruna Lopes, Patrícia Sousa, Ana C. Sousa, Ana R. Caseiro, Carla M. Mendonça, Jorge M. Santos, Luís M. Atayde, Rui D. Alvites and Ana C. Maurício
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050190 - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Musculoskeletal injuries such as equine osteoarthritis, osteoarticular defects, tendonitis/desmitis, and muscular disorders are prevalent among sport horses, with a fair prognosis for returning to exercise or previous performance levels. The field of equine medicine has witnessed rapid and fruitful development, resulting in a
[...] Read more.
Musculoskeletal injuries such as equine osteoarthritis, osteoarticular defects, tendonitis/desmitis, and muscular disorders are prevalent among sport horses, with a fair prognosis for returning to exercise or previous performance levels. The field of equine medicine has witnessed rapid and fruitful development, resulting in a diverse range of therapeutic options for musculoskeletal problems. Staying abreast of these advancements can be challenging, prompting the need for a comprehensive review of commonly used and recent treatments. The aim is to compile current therapeutic options for managing these injuries, spanning from simple to complex physiotherapy techniques, conservative treatments including steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hyaluronic acid, polysulfated glycosaminoglycans, pentosan polysulfate, and polyacrylamides, to promising regenerative therapies such as hemoderivatives and stem cell-based therapies. Each therapeutic modality is scrutinized for its benefits, limitations, and potential synergistic actions to facilitate their most effective application for the intended healing/regeneration of the injured tissue/organ and subsequent patient recovery. While stem cell-based therapies have emerged as particularly promising for equine musculoskeletal injuries, a multidisciplinary approach is underscored throughout the discussion, emphasizing the importance of considering various therapeutic modalities in tandem.
Full article
Figure 1
Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Veterinary Sciences Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Reviewer Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections & Collections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Editor’s Choice Articles
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Conferences
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal BrowserHighly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Agriculture, Animals, Dairy, Ruminants, Veterinary Sciences
Practical Methods for Accommodating Behavioral Needs and Improving the Wellbeing of Both Farm Animals
Topic Editors: Temple Grandin, Kurt VogelDeadline: 20 June 2024
Topic in
Animals, Pathogens, Veterinary Sciences, Zoonotic Diseases
Zoonotic Vector-Borne Diseases of Companion Animals
Topic Editors: Anastasia Diakou, Donato TraversaDeadline: 20 December 2024
Topic in
Agriculture, Animals, Veterinary Sciences, Antibiotics, Zoonotic Diseases
Animal Diseases in Agricultural Production Systems, 2nd Edition
Topic Editors: Ewa Tomaszewska, Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska, Tomasz Szponder, Joanna Wessely-SzponderDeadline: 31 December 2024
Topic in
Agriculture, Animals, Dairy, Genes, IJMS, Veterinary Sciences
Application of Reproductive and Genomic Biotechnologies for Livestock Breeding and Selection
Topic Editors: Manuel García-Herreros, Pedro M. AponteDeadline: 20 March 2025
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Veterinary Sciences
Equine Abdominal Surgery
Guest Editors: Lucio Petrizzi, Valeria Albanese, Amelia Munsterman, Paola StraticòDeadline: 20 May 2024
Special Issue in
Veterinary Sciences
Veterinary Dermatology: Challenges and Advances
Guest Editors: Lucia Panáková, Ina HerrmannDeadline: 31 May 2024
Special Issue in
Veterinary Sciences
Emerging Infectious Disease: Viral Enteric Pathogens with Zoonosis Potential in Domestic and Wild Animals
Guest Editor: Vittorio SarcheseDeadline: 10 June 2024
Special Issue in
Veterinary Sciences
Leishmania Infection: Pathogenesis, Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects
Guest Editor: Stefania HanauDeadline: 30 June 2024
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Veterinary Sciences
Advances in Animal Dermatology
Collection Editor: Marie-Christine Cadiergues
Topical Collection in
Veterinary Sciences
Human and Animal Influenzas: A Shared Public Health Concern
Collection Editors: John Pasick, Stephan Pleschka
Topical Collection in
Veterinary Sciences
One-Health Approach to Bee Health
Collection Editors: Giovanni Cilia, Antonio Nanetti