*5.2. Sturgeon Effects*

The velocity at the mouth of the intake was calculated as 30–50 cm/s. These velocities are within the mean swimming speeds of both Atlantic and shortnose sturgeon. The burst speeds are much higher than the intake velocities and thus can allow them to escape the zone of influence. At these speeds (e.g., 90 cm/s), fish can swim up to 18–54 m, which will move them out of the zone of influence (50 m). Even though the burst swimming speeds are not sustainable, the extent of the zone of influence is small to allow the fish to quickly escape. Only a volume of 13 m3 was above the lowest burst swimming speed of 40 cm/s.

### **Acknowledgments**

The authors would like to thank BP America for providing the necessary funding for this study. Authors also acknowledge the resources and encouragement provided by Environmental Resource Management (ERM) to develop these formulations.

#### **Author Contributions**

Shwet Prakash, Venkat S. Kolluru and Carol Young conceptualized the model formulations and development. Shwet Prakash developed coding for various formulations; Venkat Kolluru developed the hydrodynamic model and provided technical direction throughout the project. Carol Young managed the overall project.

#### **Conflicts of Interest**

The authors declare no conflict of interest.
