**Acknowledgments**

The authors would like to thank the U.S. IOOS Program Office, the IOOS Data Management and Communications (DMAC) Community, the Unidata Program Center, the IOOS Regional Associations, the British Met Office, participants in the Open Geospatial Consortium, and others participating in the development of standards and standards-based tools in the international geoscience community. Without their contributions this work would not have been possible. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

#### **Author Contributions**

Signell, R.P. and Snowden, D.P. carried out this work together and Signell, R.P. wrote the paper.

#### **Conflicts of Interest**

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

#### **References**

