Meat-Based Diet Significantly Affects Risk Parameters for Colorectal Cancer: The MeaTIc Dietary Intervention Study †
by
, , , ,
Monica Dinu
1,*
,
Giuditta Pagliai
1, 
Sofia Lotti
1,
Carlotta De Filippo
2,
Lisa Giovannelli
3,
Sara Ristori
4,
Jildau Bouwman
5,
Serdar Özsezen
5,
Giovanna Caderni
3 and
Francesco Sofi
1 1
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50141 Florence, Italy
2
Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
3
Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
4
Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
5
The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023, Belgrade, Serbia, 14–17 November 2023.
Proceedings 2023, 91(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091034
Published: 15 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023)
Abstract
:Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Europe and the second most common cause of cancer death. The aim of the MeaTIc study was to determine the impact of three diets associated with different risks of CRC (a meat diet (MBD: high risk), a meat diet with alpha-tocopherol supplementation (MBD-T: medium risk), and a pesco-vegetarian diet (PVD: low risk)) on CRC risk markers and fecal microbiota. Methods: A controlled, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, 12-week dietary intervention was conducted on 113 participants aged 18–50 years. The primary outcome was a change in fecal water (FW) genotoxicity. Secondary outcomes were changes in FW cytotoxicity, bile acids, fecal microbiota, and metabolomic profiles. Results: A total of 103 participants (91%) completed the study. After adjustment for possible confounding factors, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in FW genotoxicity (+43%) was observed only in the MBD group. Regarding FW cytotoxicity, a decrease in cell viability (−7%, p = 0.054) was observed after MBD, while no changes occurred for the other diets. Bile acid analysis showed an increase in total bile acids during MBD-T (+35%) and a decrease during PVD (−2.3%). Upon correlating changes in bile acids with FW genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, a moderate correlation (R = 0.66; p < 0.0001) emerged between changes in total bile acids and changes in FW cytotoxicity. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of changes in the gut microbiota revealed no clustering by diet, while metabolomic analysis showed a clear clustering of changes in metabolites. A random forest regression model identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid and cholic acids among the metabolites most correlated with FW genotoxicity (R^2 = 0.84 for the model). Conclusion: These results indicate that MBD can lead to a worsening of CRC markers in a relatively short time. Our findings also suggest that intervention diets had a greater impact on the metabolism of the gut microbiota, and thus, its metabolites, than on its taxonomic composition. A correlation between some metabolites and FW genotoxicity was also found.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, C.D.F., G.C. and F.S.; methodology, M.D. and F.S.; formal analysis, M.D. and S.Ö.; investigation, M.D., G.P., S.L., L.G., S.R. and F.S.; writing—original draft preparation, M.D.; writing—review and editing, C.D.F., L.G., G.C. and F.S.; supervision, C.D.F., L.G., G.C., J.B. and F.S.; funding acquisition, C.D.F., L.G., J.B., G.C. and F.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This study is cofunded by the JPI HDHL-INTIMIC Call for Joint Transnational Research Proposals on “Interrelation of the Intestinal Microbiome, Diet and Health” (Reference Number: JTC-2017-7) and by the Ministry of Education, University and Research of Italy. For the list of the project funded please see https://www.healthydietforhealthylife.eu/index.php/joint-actions/hdhl-intimic (accessed on 13 November 2023). The funders had no input into the design and conduct of the project; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Institutional Review Board Statement
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital (12390_spe; 09/19/2018).
Informed Consent Statement
Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
Data Availability Statement
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Dinu, M.; Pagliai, G.; Lotti, S.; De Filippo, C.; Giovannelli, L.; Ristori, S.; Bouwman, J.; Özsezen, S.; Caderni, G.; Sofi, F. Meat-Based Diet Significantly Affects Risk Parameters for Colorectal Cancer: The MeaTIc Dietary Intervention Study. Proceedings 2023, 91, 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091034
AMA Style
Dinu M, Pagliai G, Lotti S, De Filippo C, Giovannelli L, Ristori S, Bouwman J, Özsezen S, Caderni G, Sofi F. Meat-Based Diet Significantly Affects Risk Parameters for Colorectal Cancer: The MeaTIc Dietary Intervention Study. Proceedings. 2023; 91(1):34. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091034
Chicago/Turabian StyleDinu, Monica, Giuditta Pagliai, Sofia Lotti, Carlotta De Filippo, Lisa Giovannelli, Sara Ristori, Jildau Bouwman, Serdar Özsezen, Giovanna Caderni, and Francesco Sofi. 2023. "Meat-Based Diet Significantly Affects Risk Parameters for Colorectal Cancer: The MeaTIc Dietary Intervention Study" Proceedings 91, no. 1: 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091034
