Exploring the Link between Hedonic Hunger and Obesity among Psychology Students ^†

Abstract

In today’s world, it is increasingly evident that the energy-dense and highly palatable foods that we are exposed to have a stimulating effect on the hedonic and homeostatic systems that regulate energy balance. As a result, food consumption extends beyond homeostatic needs, leading to a gradual increase in the prevalence of obesity. This study aimed to explore the potential association between hedonic hunger and obesity among psychology students in Turkey. A total of 167 participants from various universities with psychology departments participated in the research. The participants completed questionnaires assessing socio-demographic characteristics, dietary habits, health information, prior dieting experiences, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Additionally, the Nutrient Power Scale and Three-Factor Questionnaire were employed to evaluate hedonic hunger, while an online-based Eating Scale questionnaire was administered. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS 27.0 software. The results revealed a positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) values and the total scores of the Nutrient Power Scale, indicating a tendency towards hedonic hunger among individuals with higher BMI values. However, this correlation did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, statistically significant differences were observed between BMI and sub-factors of food availability and tasting food (p < 0.05), suggesting a heightened hedonic response to food with increasing BMI. Moreover, individuals with elevated BMI exhibited higher scores on the Binge Eating Disorder Inventory (BDI) and its sub-factors, indicating greater sensitivity to the food environment. Furthermore, participants with hedonic hunger displayed significantly higher total scores on the Three-Factor Eating Scale than those without hedonic hunger (p < 0.05). This study confirms the hypothesis that obese individuals exhibit a higher level of hedonic hunger compared to their non-obese counterparts among psychology students. The significant correlation between BMI and specific hedonic hunger sub-factors underscores the potential influence of hedonic mechanisms on food consumption patterns. These findings contribute to our understanding of the psychological factors associated with obesity, suggesting the relevance of hedonic hunger as a potential target in interventions and prevention strategies addressing obesity in student populations.