Evaluation of the Effect of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) Fruit Extracts on Calcium and Magnesium Status in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats †
by
, , ,
Zbigniew Krejpcio
1,*
,
Ewelina Król
1,
Halina Staniek
1,
Jebutu Molayooluwa Oluwatobi
1,
Silvia M. Rocha
2,
Angelo Salvador
2 and
Jakub Kurek
1 1
Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, The Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
2
Department of Chemistry, The University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023, Belgrade, Serbia, 14–17 November 2023.
Proceedings 2023, 91(1), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091228
Published: 4 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023)
Abstract
:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent lifestyle diseases with an increasing impact on human health. Chronic hyperglycaemia in diabetes leads to various metabolic disorders such as protein glycation, fluid and mineral imbalance, and deterioration of tissues. Currently available pharmacological treatments of DM help control glycaemia and slow down diabetic complications. On the other hand, they can also cause various side effects. Medicinal plants can contribute to controlling hyperglycemia and reducing diabetic complications. One such plant is the elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) which contains several biologically active phytochemicals and minerals that can support in the therapy of DM. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of elderberry fruit extract (lipophilic (LFSn) and phenolic (PhFSn) fractions) supplementation on the calcium and magnesium status in diabetic rats. The experiment was performed on 32 male Wistar rats which were divided into four groups: healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with LFSn (1.5 g/kg b.w./day) and diabetic group treated with PhFSn (5 g/kg b.w./day) for 4 weeks. Hyperglycaemia (diabetes) was induced by feeding rats with a high-fat diet and STZ injections (55 mg/kg b.w). After a four-week test period, animals were sacrificed to collect blood, internal organs and femoral bones for biochemical assays. The Ca and Mg status was evaluated on the basis of the contents of these minerals in the blood serum, liver, kidneys and femoral bones, using the AAS method. The tissue samples were mineralized in 65% nitric acid (MW oven). The results were evaluated statistically using software Statistics ver. 13.0, at p < 0.05. It was found that chronic hyperglycaemia disturbed Ca and Mg status which was evidenced by a significant loss of tissular Mg content and calcification of kidneys in diabetic rats. Treatment with both types of Sambucus nigra fruit extracts normalized the kidney Ca content, while PhFSn extract decreased the liver Mg content in diabetic rats. The results demonstrated an appreciable potential of Sambucus nigra fruit extracts in ameliorating the Ca and Mg imbalance in diabetic rats.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, Z.K., E.K. and S.M.R.; methodology Z.K., E.K., H.S., A.S. and J.M.O.; validation, Z.K. and E.K.; formal analysis, Z.K. and E.K.; investigation, E.K., A.S., H.S. and J.M.O.; data curation, J.K.; writing – original draft preparation, E.K. and Z.K.; funding acquisition, Z.K. and E.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research was funded by the statutory funding of Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics (508-86-00-0).
Institutional Review Board Statement
The experiment was conducted according to European Un-ion (2010/63/EU) and approved by the Local Animal Care and Use Committee (3/2015, 16.01.2015).
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement
Data are available upon request to the authors.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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MDPI and ACS Style
Krejpcio, Z.; Król, E.; Staniek, H.; Oluwatobi, J.M.; Rocha, S.M.; Salvador, A.; Kurek, J. Evaluation of the Effect of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) Fruit Extracts on Calcium and Magnesium Status in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats. Proceedings 2023, 91, 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091228
AMA Style
Krejpcio Z, Król E, Staniek H, Oluwatobi JM, Rocha SM, Salvador A, Kurek J. Evaluation of the Effect of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) Fruit Extracts on Calcium and Magnesium Status in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats. Proceedings. 2023; 91(1):228. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091228
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrejpcio, Zbigniew, Ewelina Król, Halina Staniek, Jebutu Molayooluwa Oluwatobi, Silvia M. Rocha, Angelo Salvador, and Jakub Kurek. 2023. "Evaluation of the Effect of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) Fruit Extracts on Calcium and Magnesium Status in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats" Proceedings 91, no. 1: 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091228
