Optimized Extraction of Glycoproteins from Ganoderma lucidum †
by
, , and
Naomi Tritean
1,2, 
Ștefan-Ovidiu Dima
1,
Anisoara Cimpean
2
,
Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei
1,* and
Florin Oancea
1,*
1
National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
2
Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 17th International Symposium “Priorities of Chemistry for a Sustainable Development” PRIOCHEM, Bucharest, Romania, 27–29 October 2021.
Chem. Proc. 2022, 7(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2022007053
Published: 23 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 17th International Symposium “Priorities of Chemistry for a Sustainable Development” PRIOCHEM)
Ganoderma mushrooms are a valuable source of bioactive compounds [1]. One type are glycoproteins, which were demonstrated to be able to support symbiotic bacterial biofilm formation and aid in the dispersal of dysbiotic biofilm [2]. The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction of glycoproteins from Ganoderma lucidum in order to use them in various applications, such as obtaining oral health products. A three factors, two levels optimization plan was used for glycoprotein extraction from Ganoderma lucidum powder. The chosen plan aims to evaluate the statistical significance of the following interaction terms: three main effects (A, B, C), three secondary interaction effects (A × B, B × C, A × C) and a tertiary effect (A × B × C). Following ANOVA analysis, each effect is associated with a p value, which is a measure of the correlation between effect and response variabilities. Total protein was determined using a copper-based assay (Biuret) against a bovine serum albumin (BSA) standard curve [3]. The molecular weights of the proteins were analysed on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Total water-soluble carbohydrates were measured using a phenol–sulfuric acid (PSA) assay against a glucose standard curve. The extracts were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The analysis of the experimental data pointed out to a correlation between the input and output variables, exhibiting a suitable ratio between the interaction terms, in order to increase the glycoprotein extraction yield. The SDS-PAGE profile shows a narrow distribution of molecular weights (MW), with several intense bands under 5 kDa. FTIR analysis showed structural bond vibrations caused by IR radiant energy absorption that are characteristic for monosaccharide, amidic and glycosidic bonds at specific frequencies/wavenumbers, and showed a variation in the intensity and position of bands within the experimental parameters. The data analysis provided an optimized process in order to obtain glycoproteins from Ganoderma lucidum, which could be used for different biomedical applications.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, F.O., D.C.-A.; methodology, N.T., Ș.O.-D, D.C.-A.; investigation, N.T., A.C., D.C.-A.; project administration, F.O.; supervision, F.O., D.C.-A.; validation N.T. A.C.; visualization, N.T.; writing—original draft preparation, N.T. writing—review and editing, D.C.-A. and F.O.; funding acquisition, D.C.-A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research was funded by a grant of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS/CCCDI—UEFISCDI, project number 366PED/2020, within PNCDI III and Nucleus Program, project number P.N.19.23.01.01 Smart-Bi, funded by Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement
Not applicable.
Acknowledgments
We thank Bogdan Trică for helpful discussions in designing the optimization plan.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
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MDPI and ACS Style
Tritean, N.; Dima, Ș.-O.; Cimpean, A.; Constantinescu-Aruxandei, D.; Oancea, F. Optimized Extraction of Glycoproteins from Ganoderma lucidum. Chem. Proc. 2022, 7, 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2022007053
AMA Style
Tritean N, Dima Ș-O, Cimpean A, Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Oancea F. Optimized Extraction of Glycoproteins from Ganoderma lucidum. Chemistry Proceedings. 2022; 7(1):53. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2022007053
Chicago/Turabian StyleTritean, Naomi, Ștefan-Ovidiu Dima, Anisoara Cimpean, Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei, and Florin Oancea. 2022. "Optimized Extraction of Glycoproteins from Ganoderma lucidum" Chemistry Proceedings 7, no. 1: 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2022007053
