New Era of Immune-Based Therapy in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Pathogenesis and Immune Microenvironment of Intrahepatic CC
3. Immune-Based Therapy for BTC
3.1. Durvalumab
3.2. Pembrolizumab
3.3. Nivolumab
3.4. Standard Second-Line Therapies after First-Line Therapy Failure
4. Viable Targets and Ongoing Trials for Intrahepatic CC
5. Predicting ICI Resistance and Countermeasures for BTC
6. IrAEs in BTC Cases
6.1. Hepatotoxicity
6.2. Other irAEs
7. Other Perspectives
7.1. ICI Therapy during the Perioperative Period for BTC
7.2. Steatohepatitis and Primary Liver Cancer
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Regimen | Mechanism | Trial | Phase | Author | Report Year | Patient Number | ORR (%) | Median PFS (Month) | Median OS (Month) | Treatment Line | Conditions | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GemCis | Cytotoxic anticancer | ABC-02 | III | Valle J | 2010 | 204 | 26 | 8 | 11.7 | 1st | [10] | |
GemCis | Cytotoxic anticancer | BT22 | II | Furuse T | 2011 | 41 | 20 | 5.8 | 11.2 | 1st | [11] | |
Pertuzumab + trastuzumab | Anti-ERBB(HER)2 | MyPathway | II | Hainsworth JD | 2018 | 7 | 29 | ND | ND | 2nd | Gene alteration | [31] |
Larotrectinib | Anti-NTRK A/B/C | - | I/II | Drilon A | 2018 | 2 | 50 | ND | ND | 2nd | Gene alteration | [32] |
GemCis | Cytotoxic anticancer | JCOG1113 | III | Morizane C | 2019 | 175 | 32.4 | 5.8 | 13.4 | 1st/2nd | [33] | |
Gem + S-1 | Cytotoxic anticancer | JCOG1113 | III | Morizane C | 2019 | 179 | 29.8 | 6.8 | 15.1 | 1st/2nd | [33] | |
Pemigatinib | Anti-FGFR1/2/3 | FIGHT-202 | II | Abou-Alfa GK | 2020 | 107 | 35.5 | 6.9 | 21.1 | 2nd | Gene alteration | [34] |
Ivosidenib | Anti-IDH1 | ClarIDHy | III | Abou-Alfa GK | 2020 | 124 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 10.8 | 2nd | Gene alteration | [35] |
Dabrafenib + trametinib | Anti-B-Raf + anti-MEK | ROAR | II | Subbiah V | 2020 | 43 | 47 | 9 | 14 | 2nd | Gene alteration | [36] |
Entrectinib | Anti-NTRK A/B/C | STARTRK-1&2 | I/II | Doebele RC | 2020 | 1 | 100 | ND | ND | 2nd | Gene alteration | [37] |
Bintrafusp alfa | Anti-PD-L1 + anti-TGFBR2 | NEOBIL | I | Yoo C | 2020 | 30 | 20 | 2.5 | 12.7 | 2nd | [38] | |
Pembrolizumab | Anti-PD-1 | KEYNOTE-028 | Ib | Piha-Paul SA | 2020 | 24 | 13 | 1.8 | 5.7 | 2nd | MSI-high, PD-L1-positive | [39] |
Pembrolizumab | Anti-PD-1 | KEYNOTE-158 | II | Piha-Paul SA | 2020 | 104 | 5.8 | 2 | 7.4 | 2nd | MSI-high | [39] |
Folinic acid + fluorouracil + oxaliplatin | Cytotoxic anticancer | ABC-06 | III | Lamarca A | 2021 | 81 | 5 | ND | 6.2 | 2nd | [40] | |
Infigratinib | Anti-FGFR1/2/3 | - | II | Javle M | 2021 | 122 | 23.1 | 6.7 | ND | 2nd | Gene alteration | [41] |
Nivolumab | Anti-PD-1 | OPAL | II | ND | 2022 | 16 | ND | ND | ND | 2nd | * Interim analysis | ND |
GemCis + S-1 | Cytotoxic anticancer | KHBO1401 | III | Ioka T | 2022 | 123 | 41.5 | 7.4 | 13.5 | 1st | [42] | |
Durvalumab + GemCis | Cytotoxic anticancer + anti-PD-L1 | - | II | Oh DY | 2022 | 49 | 72 | 11 | 18.1 | 1st | [43] | |
Durvalumab + GemCis | Cytotoxic anticancer + anti-PD-L1 | TOPAZ-1 | III | Oh DY | 2022 | 341 | 26.7 | 7.2 | 12.8 | 1st | Interim analysis | [12] |
Futibatinib | Anti-FGFR1/2/3 | TAS-120 | II | Goyal L | 2023 | 103 | 42 | 9 | 21.7 | 2nd | Gene alteration | [44] |
Pembrolizumab + GemCis | Anti-PD-1 + cytotoxic anticancer | KEYNOTE-966 | III | Kelley RK | 2023 | 533 | ND | 6.5 | 12.7 | 1st | [45] | |
Atezolizumab + bevacizumab + GemCis | Cytotoxic anticancer + anti-PD-L1 + anti-VEGF | IMbrave151 | II | Shemesh CS | 2023 | 78 | ND | ND | ND | 1st | Interim analysis | [46] |
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Kawamura, E.; Matsubara, T.; Kawada, N. New Era of Immune-Based Therapy in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers 2023, 15, 3993. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153993
Kawamura E, Matsubara T, Kawada N. New Era of Immune-Based Therapy in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers. 2023; 15(15):3993. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153993
Chicago/Turabian StyleKawamura, Etsushi, Tsutomu Matsubara, and Norifumi Kawada. 2023. "New Era of Immune-Based Therapy in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma" Cancers 15, no. 15: 3993. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153993