Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens

The Poweshiek skipperling Oarisma poweshiek (Parker, 1870) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) is an endangered prairie obligate butterfly native to the north central United States and southern Canada. Conservation efforts for this species rely on ex situ approaches for population augmentation and reintroductions. As such, improving our understanding of the behaviors of Poweshiek skipperlings and maximizing their reproductive output in an ex situ setting are critical for the success of associated conservation initiatives. In this study, we examined the frequency of breeding behaviors exhibited by Poweshiek skipperlings in relation to various environmental factors: sunlight intensity (measured in lux), ambient temperature, and age. Sunlight intensity was a significant predictor of breeding behavior frequency, but we did not detect an effect of ambient temperature on breeding behavior. We also documented a generally negative relationship between age and breeding behavior frequency for both sexes. The results of our study underscore the importance of natural sunlight in encouraging breeding behaviors in an ex situ conservation environment. Ex situ observations also can help identify environmental conditions that promote high levels of Poweshiek skipperling activity, which could be used to optimize the timing of in situ population surveys.

Vanilla planifolia is an endangered orchid of significant commercial relevance, primarily valued for the natural vanillin derived from its cured fruits. However, its global production faces critical threats due to its limited genetic variability and high susceptibility to phytopathogens, particularly vanilla wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae. This review synthesizes the recent advances in plant biotechnology, evaluating the efficacy of in vitro culture systems, plant growth regulators, and the implementation of semi-automated temporary immersion systems, as compared to traditional semisolid methods. Emphasis is placed on the pivotal role of physical factors, such as LED lighting, and the symbiotic associations with orchid mycorrhizal fungi to enhance plant growth and vigor. By synthesizing advanced in vitro regeneration protocols, this study establishes a strategic guide for the mass production of high-quality disease-free plantlets. Finally, the impact of these biotechnological tools on ex situ conservation at institutions such as the Clavijero Botanical Garden is discussed, aiming to support the sustainability of the vanilla industry and preserve Mexico’s biological heritage.

The invasive red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, RPW) poses a severe threat to heritage palm collections across the Mediterranean Region, necessitating robust protection strategies. This study addresses the urgent challenge of safeguarding the Spanish Phoenix Collection at Miguel Hernandez University (EPSO) and the Orihuela Palmetum by analyzing the efficacy of applied Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies over a ten-year period (2014–2024). Monitoring and treatment protocols included targeted chemical, biological, and cultural controls, and were benchmarked against infestation progression data, climatic trends, and comparative case studies from Murcia, Elche, Nice, and Palermo. Results indicate that a proactive, multi-component IPM strategy, especially when coupled with probabilistic risk models, can significantly improve survival and recovery indicators in Phoenix taxa, although species-specific susceptibility to RPW was a major differentiating factor. Comparative analysis reveals common regional patterns in R. ferrugineus management but underscores the critical need for collection-specific, resource-sensitive protocols for high-value heritage plants, demonstrating that evidence-based best practices and coordinated monitoring are essential for effective heritage palm conservation amid continuous pest pressure.