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Electricity
Special Issues
Electricity in 2024
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Electricity in 2024

A special issue of Electricity (ISSN 2673-4826).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2024) | Viewed by 4850

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Andreas Sumper

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CITCEA-UPC, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: electrical engineering; energy efficiency; power grid; renewable energy; smart grid; digital energy; artificial intelligence; electric cars charging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Eduard Bullich-Massagué

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CITCEA-UPC, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTECH, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: electrical engineering; power grid; renewable energy; smart grid; digital energy; optimization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce this Special Issue, entitled “Electricity in 2024”, which is part of the MDPI journal New Year Special Issue Series. This Special Issue will collect original articles or comprehensive reviews on all aspects of electrical engineering. There is no restriction on the maximum length of papers. We encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as desired.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Electric infrastructure and applications;
  • Electric power systems: operation and planning;
  • Electric transportation;
  • Electricity storage;
  • Energy conversion;
  • Power markets and economics;
  • Smart grids and smart electricity applications;
  • Electrical renewable energy technology and its integration;
  • Microgrid technology.

Technical Committee Member

Name: Dr. Joan Marc Rodriguez-Bernuz

E-mail: [email protected]

Affiliation: CITCEA-UPC, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya -BarcelonaTECH, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

Homepage: https://futur.upc.edu/JoanMarcRodriguezBernuz

Research interests: electrical engineering; microgrids, HVDC, control, power converters

Prof. Dr. Andreas Sumper
Dr. Eduard Bullich-Massagué
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electricity is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electric infrastructure and applications;
  • electric power systems: operation and planning;
  • electric transportation;
  • electricity storage;
  • energy conversion;
  • power markets and economics;
  • smart grids and smart electricity applications;
  • electrical renewable energy technology and its integration;
  • microgrid technology

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 734 KiB  
Article
The Implementation and Evaluation of Virtualized Protection Intelligent Electronic Devices into a Virtual Substation
by Dennis Rösch, Kevin Schäfer and Steffen Nicolai
Electricity 2024, 5(2), 385-396; https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity5020020 (registering DOI) - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 84
Abstract
This paper presents an investigation into the virtualization of substation protection IED functions using a sophisticated co-simulation environment that integrates virtual intelligent electronic devices (vIEDs) with a real-time power grid simulation. Anchored by the IEC 61850 protocol, this study constructs a virtualized IED [...] Read more.
This paper presents an investigation into the virtualization of substation protection IED functions using a sophisticated co-simulation environment that integrates virtual intelligent electronic devices (vIEDs) with a real-time power grid simulation. Anchored by the IEC 61850 protocol, this study constructs a virtualized IED framework, emphasizing the encapsulation of protection schemes using the example of different types of overcurrent protection within a containerized vIED. Using open-source software, this study aims to replicate the communication and functional aspects of physical IEDs. This study uses a co-simulation environment that couples virtualized network components with a real-time power grid simulation to validate the vIEDs against real substation hardware. Simulation results from induced short-circuit events confirm the operational congruence of the vIEDs with their physical counterparts, demonstrating their potential to serve as cost-effective and adaptable testbeds for substation automation. This paper concludes that virtualized IEDs represent a cost-effective, flexible alternative for substation automation testing, with future research directed towards increasing the functional complexity and real-world applicability of these virtual systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electricity in 2024)
19 pages, 1916 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Distribution Grid Efficiency and Congestion Management through Optimal Battery Storage and Power Flow Modeling
by Víctor Taltavull-Villalonga, Eduard Bullich-Massagué, Antonio E. Saldaña-González and Andreas Sumper
Electricity 2024, 5(2), 351-369; https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity5020018 - 9 Jun 2024
Viewed by 251
Abstract
The significant growth in demand for electricity has led to increasing congestion on distribution networks. The challenge is twofold: it is needed to expand and modernize our grid to meet this increased demand but also to implement smart grid technologies to improve the [...] Read more.
The significant growth in demand for electricity has led to increasing congestion on distribution networks. The challenge is twofold: it is needed to expand and modernize our grid to meet this increased demand but also to implement smart grid technologies to improve the efficiency and reliability of electricity distribution. In order to mitigate these congestions, novel approaches by using flexibility sources such as battery energy storage can be used. This involves the use of battery storage systems to absorb excess energy at times of low demand and release it at peak times, effectively balancing the load and reducing the stress on the grid. In this paper, two optimal power flow formulations are discussed: the branch flow model (non-convex) and the relaxed bus injection model (convex). These formulations determine the optimal operation of the flexibility sources, i.e., battery energy storage, with the objective of minimizing power losses while avoiding congestions. Furthermore, a comparison of the performance of these two formulations is performed, analyzing the objective function results and the flexibility operation. For this purpose, a real Spanish distribution network with its corresponding load data for seven days has been used. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electricity in 2024)
21 pages, 5826 KiB  
Article
Combined Light and Data Driving Stages without Capacitors for Energy Transformation
by Michael Windisch, Felix A. Himmelstoss, Monica Leba, Olimpiu Stoicuta and Helmut L. Votzi
Electricity 2024, 5(2), 313-333; https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity5020016 - 5 Jun 2024
Viewed by 370
Abstract
Three LED drivers which can be used for illumination, but whose main task is the transmission of information (data) via the light of the LEDs, are explored in this paper. The converter circuits need no capacitors for the energy transformation and avoid an [...] Read more.
Three LED drivers which can be used for illumination, but whose main task is the transmission of information (data) via the light of the LEDs, are explored in this paper. The converter circuits need no capacitors for the energy transformation and avoid an inrush current. The lack of necessity of electrolytic capacitors reduces cost and space. Dimming the illumination is also easy to achieve. The control concept of the converters and the generation of pulsing of the LEDs for transmitting the information (data) are explained. The converters can also be expanded to more stages to drive more LEDs with different types of information. All three converters are explained in detail; all presented circuits are built up and simulated with LTSpice. Several data transmission concepts are applied and demonstrated through simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electricity in 2024)
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20 pages, 4687 KiB  
Article
Measurement and Evaluation of Voltage Unbalance in 2 × 25 kV 50 Hz High-Speed Trains Using Variable Integration Period
by Yassine Taleb, Roa Lamrani and Ahmed Abbou
Electricity 2024, 5(1), 154-173; https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity5010009 - 12 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1100
Abstract
This article addresses the need for a standardized method to measure power quality in railroad systems, which differ from distribution and transmission networks. It evaluates the applicability of existing standards in detecting variations and short-term disturbances in railroad networks powered by the 50/60 [...] Read more.
This article addresses the need for a standardized method to measure power quality in railroad systems, which differ from distribution and transmission networks. It evaluates the applicability of existing standards in detecting variations and short-term disturbances in railroad networks powered by the 50/60 Hz AC grid or the 2 × 25 kV AC network used for high-speed trains. The objective is to propose a standardized algorithm capable of accurately identifying disturbances to assess power quality on railway traction substations. A new method is proposed to characterize voltage imbalances more precisely. Practical demonstrations confirm that a short integration period, as used in existing standards, provides a more accurate estimation of disturbance amplitude and duration. Field experiments validate the proposed solution, embedded in equipment installed on the 225 kV line supplying the 2 × 25 kV AC substation for high-speed rail. Comparative analysis of results obtained during high-speed train journeys confirms the algorithm’s potential to aid standards committees in reviewing and updating existing standards, as well as expediting the creation, approval, and implementation of new standards for railway installations. Experimental comparisons of other power quality parameters, such as frequency and voltage harmonics, also underscore the algorithm’s utility in railway power quality assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electricity in 2024)
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19 pages, 7107 KiB  
Article
Cascaded Multi-Input Single-Output Boost Inverter for Mismatch Mitigation at PV Submodule Level
by Yousef Alharbi, Ahmed Darwish and Xiandong Ma
Electricity 2024, 5(1), 93-111; https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity5010006 - 25 Feb 2024
Viewed by 954
Abstract
Mismatched power generation is a serious issue in PV systems, resulting from unequal power generation between PV components. Solutions have been proposed to reduce or eliminate the mismatch concern. One practical strategy is individually harvesting the maximum power from each PV component; the [...] Read more.
Mismatched power generation is a serious issue in PV systems, resulting from unequal power generation between PV components. Solutions have been proposed to reduce or eliminate the mismatch concern. One practical strategy is individually harvesting the maximum power from each PV component; the more distributed MPPT is applied to a finer level, the more power can be obtained. This study proposes three-input single-output boost converters that are employed to effectively increase PV power generation and significantly reduce mismatch issues between the PV submodule (PV SM). Each boost converter will be controlled to harvest the maximum power from a group of PV cells inside a single PV module. The outputs of the three boost converters are connected in series to provide higher output voltage for grid integration. The cascaded power converters are linked with a forwarding diode to provide a protection feature for the system and prevent the reverse current from harming the PV module. On the grid side, a single-phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) is used to convert the DC power from the PV module to sinusoidal AC power. The performance of the suggested inverter has been confirmed through experimental tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electricity in 2024)
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Review

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18 pages, 14677 KiB  
Review
Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis on Smart Grids: Key Concepts and Research Trends
by Kasaraneni Purna Prakash, Yellapragada Venkata Pavan Kumar, Kasaraneni Himajyothi and Gogulamudi Pradeep Reddy
Electricity 2024, 5(1), 75-92; https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity5010005 - 1 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1165
Abstract
Over the years, a rapid evolution of smart grids has been witnessed across the world due to their intelligent operations and control, smart characteristics, and benefits, which can overcome several difficulties of traditional electric grids. However, due to multifaceted technological advancements, the development [...] Read more.
Over the years, a rapid evolution of smart grids has been witnessed across the world due to their intelligent operations and control, smart characteristics, and benefits, which can overcome several difficulties of traditional electric grids. However, due to multifaceted technological advancements, the development of smart grids is evolving day by day. Thus, smart grid researchers need to understand and adapt to new concepts and research trends. Understanding these new trends in smart grids is essential for several reasons, as the energy sector undergoes a major transformation towards becoming energy efficient and resilient. Moreover, it is imperative to realize the complete potential of modernizing the energy infrastructure. In this regard, this paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of smart grid concepts and research trends. In the initial search, the bibliometric data extracted from the Scopus and Web of Science databases totaled 11,600 and 2846 records, respectively. After thorough scrutiny, 2529 unique records were considered for the bibliometric analysis. Bibliometric analysis is a systematic method used to analyze and evaluate the scholarly literature on a particular topic and provides valuable insights to researchers. The proposed analysis provides key information on emerging research areas, high-impact sources, authors and their collaboration, affiliations, annual production of various countries and their collaboration in smart grids, and topic-wise title count. The information extracted from this bibliometric analysis will help researchers and other stakeholders to thoroughly understand the above-mentioned aspects related to smart grids. This analysis was carried out on smart grid literature by using the bibliometric package in R. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electricity in 2024)
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