Journal Description
Antioxidants
Antioxidants
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal, published monthly online by MDPI. The International Coenzyme Q10 Association (ICQ10A), Israel Society for Oxygen and Free Radical Research (ISOFRR) and European Academy for Molecular Hydrogen Research (EAMHR) are affiliated with Antioxidants and their members receive discounts on the article processing charge.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, FSTA, PubAg, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Food Science & Technology) / CiteScore - Q1 (Food Science)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 13.9 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Antioxidants.
- Companion journal: Oxygen.
Impact Factor:
7.0 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
7.3 (2022)
Latest Articles
Effects of Food-Derived Antioxidant Compounds on In Vitro Heavy Metal Intestinal Bioaccessibility
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 610; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050610 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
Environmental contamination by heavy metals (HMs) has emerged as a significant global issue in recent decades. Among natural substances, food-deriving polyphenols have found a valuable application in chelating therapy, partially limited by their low water solubility. Thus, three different hydroalcoholic extracts titrated in
[...] Read more.
Environmental contamination by heavy metals (HMs) has emerged as a significant global issue in recent decades. Among natural substances, food-deriving polyphenols have found a valuable application in chelating therapy, partially limited by their low water solubility. Thus, three different hydroalcoholic extracts titrated in quercetin (QE), ellagic acid (EA), and curcumin (CUR) were formulated using maltodextrins as carriers, achieving a powder with a valuable water solubility (MQE 91.3 ± 1.2%, MEA 93.4 ± 2.1, and MCUR 89.3 ± 2%). Overcoming the problem of water solubility, such formulations were tested in an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion experiment conducted on a water sample with standardized concentrations of the principal HMs. Our results indicate that regarding the nonessential HMs investigated (Pb, Cd, As, Sb, and Hg), MQE has been shown to be the most effective in increasing the HMs’ non-bioaccessible concentration, resulting in concentration increases in Cd of 68.3%, in As of 51.9%, in Hg of 58.9%, in Pb of 271.4, and in Sb of 111.2% (vs control, p < 0.001) in non-bioaccessible fractions. Regarding the essential HMs, MEA has shown the greatest capability to increase their intestinal bioaccessibility, resulting in +68.5%, +61.1, and +22.3% (vs control, p < 0.001) increases in Cu, Zn, and Fe, respectively. Finally, considering the strong relation between the antiradical and chelating activities, the radical scavenging potentials of the formulations was assayed in DPPH and ABTS assays.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidants in Fruits and Vegetables)
Open AccessArticle
Zinc and Its Antioxidant Properties: The Potential Use of Blood Zinc Levels as a Marker of Cancer Risk in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers
by
Milena Matuszczak, Adam Kiljańczyk, Wojciech Marciniak, Róża Derkacz, Klaudia Stempa, Piotr Baszuk, Marta Bryśkiewicz, Ping Sun, Angela Cheriyan, Cezary Cybulski, Tadeusz Dębniak, Jacek Gronwald, Tomasz Huzarski, Marcin R. Lener, Anna Jakubowska, Marek Szwiec, Małgorzata Stawicka-Niełacna, Dariusz Godlewski, Artur Prusaczyk, Andrzej Jasiewicz, Tomasz Kluz, Joanna Tomiczek-Szwiec, Ewa Kilar-Kobierzycka, Monika Siołek, Rafał Wiśniowski, Renata Posmyk, Joanna Jarkiewicz-Tretyn, Rodney J. Scott, Steven A. Narod and Jan Lubińskiadd
Show full author list
remove
Hide full author list
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 609; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050609 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
BRCA1 mutations predispose women to breast and ovarian cancer. The anticancer effect of zinc is typically linked to its antioxidant abilities and protecting cells against oxidative stress. Zinc regulates key processes in cancer development, including DNA repair, gene expression, and apoptosis. We took
[...] Read more.
BRCA1 mutations predispose women to breast and ovarian cancer. The anticancer effect of zinc is typically linked to its antioxidant abilities and protecting cells against oxidative stress. Zinc regulates key processes in cancer development, including DNA repair, gene expression, and apoptosis. We took a blood sample from 989 female BRCA1 mutation carriers who were initially unaffected by cancer and followed them for a mean of 7.5 years thereafter. There were 172 incident cases of cancer, including 121 cases of breast cancer, 29 cases of ovarian cancers, and 22 cancers at other sites. A zinc level in the lowest tertile was associated with a modestly higher risk of ovarian cancer compared to women with zinc levels in the upper two tertiles (HR = 1.65; 95% CI 0.80 to 3.44; p = 0.18), but this was not significant. Among those women with zinc levels in the lowest tertile, the 10-year cumulative risk of ovarian cancer was 6.1%. Among those in the top two tertiles of zinc level, the ten-year cumulative risk of ovarian cancer was 4.7%. There was no significant association between zinc level and breast cancer risk. Our preliminary study does not support an association between serum zinc level and cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
In Vitro Antioxidant and In Silico Evaluation of the Anti-β-Lactamase Potential of the Extracts of Cylindrospermum alatosporum NR125682 and Loriellopsis cavenicola NR117881
by
Albert O. Ikhane, Zamajobe S. Sithole, Nkosinathi D. Cele, Foluso O. Osunsanmi, Rebamang A. Mosa and Andrew R. Opoku
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 608; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050608 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Cyanobacteria in recent times have been touted to be a suitable source for the discovery of novel compounds, including antioxidants and antibiotics, due to their large arsenal of metabolites. This study presents the in vitro antioxidant and in silico evaluation of Cylindrospermum alatosporum
[...] Read more.
Cyanobacteria in recent times have been touted to be a suitable source for the discovery of novel compounds, including antioxidants and antibiotics, due to their large arsenal of metabolites. This study presents the in vitro antioxidant and in silico evaluation of Cylindrospermum alatosporum NR125682 and Loriellopsis cavenicola NR117881, isolated from freshwater ponds around the campus of the University of Zululand, South Africa. The isolates were confirmed using 16S rRNA. Various crude extracts of the isolated microbes were prepared through sequential extraction using hexane, dichloromethane, and 70% ethanol. The chemical constituents of the crude extracts were elucidated by FTIR and GC-MS spectroscopy. The antioxidant potential of the extracts was determined by the free radical (DPPH, ABTS, •OH, and Fe2+) systems. Molecular docking of the major constituents of the extracts against β-lactamase was also evaluated. GC-MS analysis indicated the dominating presence of n-alkanes. The extracts exhibited varying degrees of antioxidant activity (scavenging of free radicals; an IC50 range of 8–10 µg/mL was obtained for ABTS). A good binding affinity (−6.6, −6.3 Kcal/mol) of some the organic chemicals (diglycerol tetranitrate, and 2,2-dimethyl-5-(3-methyl-2-oxiranyl)cyclohexanone) was obtained following molecular docking. The evaluated antioxidant activities, coupled with the obtained docking score, potentiates the antimicrobial activity of the extracts.
Full article
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Research on Phenolic Content and Its Antioxidant Activities in Fermented Rosa rugosa ‘Dianhong’ Petals with Brown Sugar
by
Yueyue Cai, Merhaba Abla, Lu Gao, Jinsong Wu and Lixin Yang
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 607; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050607 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
Fermented Rosa rugosa ‘Dianhong’ petals with brown sugar, a biologically active food popularized in Dali Prefecture, Northwest Yunnan, China, are rich in bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, exhibiting strong antioxidant activity. This study evaluated their antioxidant activities, total phenolic contents, and concentrations of
[...] Read more.
Fermented Rosa rugosa ‘Dianhong’ petals with brown sugar, a biologically active food popularized in Dali Prefecture, Northwest Yunnan, China, are rich in bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, exhibiting strong antioxidant activity. This study evaluated their antioxidant activities, total phenolic contents, and concentrations of polyphenols at different fermentation conditions using different assays: DPPH free-radical scavenging activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Folin–Ciocalteu assays, and HPLC–MS/MS and HPLC–DAD methods. The results indicated that fermentation significantly increased (p < 0.05) the antioxidant activity and polyphenol concentration of R. rugosa ’Dianhong.’ Furthermore, Saccharomyces rouxii TFR-1 fermentation achieved optimal bioactivity earlier than natural fermentation. Overall, we found that the use of Saccharomyces rouxii (TFR-1) is a more effective strategy for the production of polyphenol-rich fermented R. rugosa ‘Dianhong’ petals with brown sugar compared to natural fermentation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties and Applications of Food By-Products)
►▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
Open AccessReview
Role of Epigenetic Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications of Phytochemical Interventions
by
Mani Iyer Prasanth, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Clerance Su Yee Cheong, Kanika Verma, Tewin Tencomnao, James Michael Brimson and Anchalee Prasansuklab
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050606 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
Epigenetics defines changes in cell function without involving alterations in DNA sequence. Neuroepigenetics bridges neuroscience and epigenetics by regulating gene expression in the nervous system and its impact on brain function. With the increase in research in recent years, it was observed that
[...] Read more.
Epigenetics defines changes in cell function without involving alterations in DNA sequence. Neuroepigenetics bridges neuroscience and epigenetics by regulating gene expression in the nervous system and its impact on brain function. With the increase in research in recent years, it was observed that alterations in the gene expression did not always originate from changes in the genetic sequence, which has led to understanding the role of epigenetics in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Epigenetic alterations contribute to the aberrant expression of genes involved in neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and neuronal death. Natural phytochemicals have shown promise as potential therapeutic agents against NDDs because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models. For instance, resveratrol (grapes), curcumin (turmeric), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; green tea) exhibit neuroprotective effects through their influence on DNA methylation patterns, histone acetylation, and non-coding RNA expression profiles. Phytochemicals also aid in slowing disease progression, preserving neuronal function, and enhancing cognitive and motor abilities. The present review focuses on various epigenetic modifications involved in the pathology of NDDs, including AD and PD, gene expression regulation related to epigenetic alterations, and the role of specific polyphenols in influencing epigenetic modifications in AD and PD.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Biological, Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects—3rd Edition)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Role of Pigments and Cryptochrome 1 in the Adaptation of Solanum lycopersicum Photosynthetic Apparatus to High-Intensity Blue Light
by
Aleksandr Ashikhmin, Pavel Pashkovskiy, Anatoliy Kosobryukhov, Alexandra Khudyakova, Anna Abramova, Mikhail Vereshchagin, Maksim Bolshakov and Vladimir Kreslavski
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 605; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050605 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
The effects of high-intensity blue light (HIBL, 500/1000 µmol m−2s−1, 450 nm) on Solanum lycopersicum mutants with high pigment (hp) and low pigment (lp) levels and cryptochrome 1 (cry1) deficiency on photosynthesis, chlorophylls, phenols, anthocyanins, nonenzymatic
[...] Read more.
The effects of high-intensity blue light (HIBL, 500/1000 µmol m−2s−1, 450 nm) on Solanum lycopersicum mutants with high pigment (hp) and low pigment (lp) levels and cryptochrome 1 (cry1) deficiency on photosynthesis, chlorophylls, phenols, anthocyanins, nonenzymatic antioxidant activity, carotenoid composition, and the expression of light-dependent genes were investigated. The plants, grown under white light for 42 days, were exposed to HIBL for 72 h. The hp mutant quickly adapted to 500 µmol m−2s−1 HIBL, exhibiting enhanced photosynthesis, increased anthocyanin and carotenoids (beta-carotene, zeaxanthin), and increased expression of key genes involved in pigment biosynthesis (PSY1, PAL1, CHS, ANS) and PSII proteins along with an increase in nonenzymatic antioxidant activity. At 1000 µmol m−2s−1 HIBL, the lp mutant showed the highest photosynthetic activity, enhanced expression of genes associated with PSII external proteins (psbO, psbP, psbQ), and increased in neoxanthin content. This mutant demonstrated greater resistance at the higher HIBL, demonstrating increased stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rate. The cry1 mutant exhibited the highest non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) but had the lowest pigment contents and decreased photosynthetic rate and PSII activity, highlighting the critical role of CRY1 in adaptation to HIBL. The hp and lp mutants use distinct adaptation strategies, which are significantly hindered by the cry1 mutation. The pigment content appears to be crucial for adaptation at moderate HIBL doses, while CRY1 content and stomatal activity become more critical at higher doses.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Capacity of Anthocyanins and Other Vegetal Pigments: Properties, Intake and Health Benefits)
►▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Phenolic and Antioxidant Characterization of Fruit By-Products for Their Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements Valorization under a Circular Bio-Economy Approach
by
Cristina Terenzi, Gabriela Bermudez, Francesca Medri, Lara Davani, Vincenzo Tumiatti, Vincenza Andrisano, Serena Montanari and Angela De Simone
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 604; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050604 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Agri-food by-products, obtained as waste from the food industry, negatively impact the global economy and the environment. In order to valorize waste materials from fruit juices and tomato sauces as upcycled materials rich in health-promoting compounds, they were characterized in terms of polyphenolic
[...] Read more.
Agri-food by-products, obtained as waste from the food industry, negatively impact the global economy and the environment. In order to valorize waste materials from fruit juices and tomato sauces as upcycled materials rich in health-promoting compounds, they were characterized in terms of polyphenolic and protein content. The results obtained were compared with those collected for their final products. The recovery of polyphenols was performed via ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). A high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method was developed and validated to depict the quali-quantitative polyphenolic profile of both the by-products and the final products. The antioxidant capacity of the resulting extracts was characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometric assays in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant status (TAS). Moreover, the protein content was assessed with the Kjeldahl method too. The results highlighted a significant quantity of polyphenols remaining in peach, apricot, and apple by-products, which were able to exert an antioxidant activity (in the range of 4.95 ± 5.69 × 10−1 to 7.06 ± 7.96 × 10−1 mmol Trolox 100 g−1 of dry weight (DW) sample). Conversely, the tomato by-products were highly rich in proteins (11.0 ± 2.00 to 14.4 ± 2.60 g of proteins 100 g−1 DW). The results proved that all by-products may potentially be sustainable ingredients with nutritional and functional value in a circular bio-economy prospect.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Extraction and Industrial Applications of Antioxidants)
Open AccessArticle
Dendrobium nobile Polysaccharide Attenuates Blue Light-Induced Injury in Retinal Cells and In Vivo in Drosophila
by
Wei-Hsiang Hsu, Chanikan Sangkhathat, Mei-Kuang Lu, Wei-Yong Lin, Hsin-Ping Liu and Yun-Lian Lin
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 603; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050603 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Blue light is the higher-energy region of the visible spectrum. Excessive exposure to blue light is known to induce oxidative stress and is harmful to the eyes. The stems of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. (Orchidaceae), named Jinchaishihu, have long been used in traditional Chinese
[...] Read more.
Blue light is the higher-energy region of the visible spectrum. Excessive exposure to blue light is known to induce oxidative stress and is harmful to the eyes. The stems of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. (Orchidaceae), named Jinchaishihu, have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for nourishing yin, clearing heat, and brightening the eyes. The polysaccharide is one of the major components in D. nobile. However, the effect on ocular cells remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the polysaccharide from D. nobile can protect the eyes from blue light-induced injury. A crude (DN-P) and a partially purified polysaccharide (DN-PP) from D. nobile were evaluated for their protective effects on blue light-induced damage in ARPE-19 and 661W cells. The in vivo study investigated the electroretinographic response and the expression of phototransduction-related genes in the retinas of a Drosophila model. The results showed that DN-P and DN-PP could improve blue light-induced damage in ARPE-19 and 661W cells, including cell viability, antioxidant activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/superoxide production, and reverse opsin 3 protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner. The in vivo study indicated that DN-P could alleviate eye damage and reverse the expression of phototransduction-related genes, including ninaE, norpA, Gαq, Gβ76C, Gγ30A, TRP, and TRPL, in a dose-dependent manner in blue light-exposed Drosophila. In conclusion, this is the first report demonstrating that D. nobile polysaccharide pretreatment can protect retinal cells and retinal photoreceptors from blue light-induced damage. These results provide supporting evidence for the beneficial potential of D. nobile in preventing blue light-induced eye damage and improving eyesight.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress)
►▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
Open AccessEditorial
Cellular ROS and Antioxidants: Physiological and Pathological Role
by
Andrey V. Kozlov, Sabzali Javadov and Natascha Sommer
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 602; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050602 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxygen derivatives that include free radicals such as superoxide anion radical (O2•−) and hydroxyl radical (HO•), as well as non-radical molecules hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) [...]
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular ROS and Antioxidants: Physiological and Pathological Role)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Anti-Aging Potential of the Two Major Flavonoids Occurring in Asian Water Lily Using In Vitro and In Silico Molecular Modeling Assessments
by
Bodee Nutho and Duangjai Tungmunnithum
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 601; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050601 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Our previous study investigated the major flavonoids and antioxidant potential of Asian water lily (Nymphaea lotus L., family Nymphaeaceae) stamens and perianth extracts. Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Que-3-Rha) and kaempferol-3-O-galactoside (Kae-3-Gal) were reported as the two most prominent flavonoids found in
[...] Read more.
Our previous study investigated the major flavonoids and antioxidant potential of Asian water lily (Nymphaea lotus L., family Nymphaeaceae) stamens and perianth extracts. Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Que-3-Rha) and kaempferol-3-O-galactoside (Kae-3-Gal) were reported as the two most prominent flavonoids found in these extracts. Many flavonoids have been reported on the skin anti-aging effect that are useful for cosmeceutical/phytopharmaceutical application. However, Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal occurring in this medicinal plant have not yet been evaluated for their ability to inhibit skin-aging enzymes. Therefore, this study aimed (1) to assess the enzyme inhibitory activity of Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal, and (2) to conduct molecular modeling of these compounds against critical enzymes involved in skin aging such as collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that both of the two most prominent flavonoids exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activity toward these enzymes. These experimental findings were supported by molecular docking analysis, which indicated that Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal showed superior binding affinity to the target enzymes compared to the positive controls. Additionally, computational predictions suggested favorable skin permeability and no severe toxicity for both compounds. The results from molecular dynamic (MD) simulation revealed that all the complexes remained stable during the 200 ns MD simulation. Structural analyses and binding free energy calculations also supported the inhibitory potential of these two flavonoids against skin-aging enzymes. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the anti-aging potential of the two major flavonoids occurring in this medicinal plant, paving the way for further development of cosmeceutical/phytopharmaceutical products targeting skin aging.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Therapeutic Potential of Palmitoylethanolamide in Gastrointestinal Disorders
by
Marija Branković, Tijana Gmizić, Marija Dukić, Marija Zdravković, Branislava Daskalović, Davor Mrda, Novica Nikolić, Milica Brajković, Milan Gojgić, Jovana Lalatović, Đorđe Kralj, Ivana Pantić, Marko Vojnović, Tamara Milovanović, Siniša Đurašević and Zoran Todorović
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 600; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050600 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endocannabinoid-like bioactive lipid mediator belonging to the family of N-acylethanolamines, most abundantly found in peanuts and egg yolk. When the gastrointestinal (GI) effects of PEA are discussed, it must be pointed out that it affects intestinal motility but also
[...] Read more.
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endocannabinoid-like bioactive lipid mediator belonging to the family of N-acylethanolamines, most abundantly found in peanuts and egg yolk. When the gastrointestinal (GI) effects of PEA are discussed, it must be pointed out that it affects intestinal motility but also modulates gut microbiota. This is due to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory features. Additionally, PEA has shown beneficial effects in several GI diseases, particularly irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases, as various studies have shown, and it is important to emphasize its relative lack of toxicity, even at high dosages. Unfortunately, there is not enough endogenous PEA to treat disturbed gut homeostasis, even though it is produced in the GI tract in response to inflammatory stimuli, so exogenous intake is mandatory to achieve homeostasis. Intake of PEA could be through animal and/or vegetable food, but bearing in mind that a high dosage is needed to achieve a therapeutic effect, it must be compensated through dietary supplements. There are still open questions pending to be answered, so further studies investigating PEA’s effects and mechanisms of action, especially in humans, are crucial to implementing PEA in everyday clinical practice.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Gut Health)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Antioxidant Dendrobium officinale Polysaccharide Modulates Host Metabolism and Gut Microbiota to Alleviate High-Fat Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− Mice
by
Jingyi Qi, Shuaishuai Zhou, Guisheng Wang, Rongrong Hua, Xiaoping Wang, Jian He, Zi Wang, Yinhua Zhu, Junjie Luo, Wenbiao Shi, Yongting Luo and Xiaoxia Chen
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 599; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050599 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
Background: The discovery of traditional plants’ medicinal and nutritional properties has opened up new avenues for developing pharmaceutical and dietary strategies to prevent atherosclerosis. However, the effect of the antioxidant Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) on atherosclerosis is still not elucidated. Purpose: This study
[...] Read more.
Background: The discovery of traditional plants’ medicinal and nutritional properties has opened up new avenues for developing pharmaceutical and dietary strategies to prevent atherosclerosis. However, the effect of the antioxidant Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) on atherosclerosis is still not elucidated. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect and the potential mechanism of DOP on high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice. Study design and methods: The identification of DOP was measured by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). We used high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice as an animal model. In the DOP intervention stage, the DOP group was treated by gavage with 200 μL of 200 mg/kg DOP at regular times each day and continued for eight weeks. We detected changes in serum lipid profiles, inflammatory factors, anti-inflammatory factors, and antioxidant capacity to investigate the effect of the DOP on host metabolism. We also determined microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate whether the DOP could improve the structure of the gut microbiota in atherosclerotic mice. Results: DOP effectively inhibited histopathological deterioration in atherosclerotic mice and significantly reduced serum lipid levels, inflammatory factors, and malondialdehyde (F/B) production. Additionally, the levels of anti-inflammatory factors and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), were significantly increased after DOP intervention. Furthermore, we found that DOP restructures the gut microbiota composition by decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio. The Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated that serum lipid profiles, antioxidant activity, and pro-/anti-inflammatory factors were associated with Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Allobaculum, and Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002. Conclusions: This study suggests that DOP has the potential to be developed as a food prebiotic for the treatment of atherosclerosis in the future.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Diseases)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
A Consolidated Understanding of the Contribution of Redox Dysregulation in the Development of Hearing Impairment
by
Xin Yi Yeo, Soohyun Kwon, Kimberley R. Rinai, Sungsu Lee, Sangyong Jung and Raekil Park
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 598; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050598 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
The etiology of hearing impairment is multifactorial, with contributions from both genetic and environmental factors. Although genetic studies have yielded valuable insights into the development and function of the auditory system, the contribution of gene products and their interaction with alternate environmental factors
[...] Read more.
The etiology of hearing impairment is multifactorial, with contributions from both genetic and environmental factors. Although genetic studies have yielded valuable insights into the development and function of the auditory system, the contribution of gene products and their interaction with alternate environmental factors for the maintenance and development of auditory function requires further elaboration. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of redox dysregulation as the converging factor between genetic and environmental factor-dependent development of hearing loss, with a focus on understanding the interaction of oxidative stress with the physical components of the peripheral auditory system in auditory disfunction. The potential involvement of molecular factors linked to auditory function in driving redox imbalance is an important promoter of the development of hearing loss over time.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Ear Damage)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Bioactive Compounds Protect Mammalian Reproductive Cells from Xenobiotics and Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Distress via Nrf2 Signaling Activation: A Narrative Review
by
Muhammad Zahoor Khan, Adnan Khan, Bingjian Huang, Ren Wei, Xiyan Kou, Xinrui Wang, Wenting Chen, Liangliang Li, Muhammad Zahoor and Changfa Wang
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 597; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050597 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s antioxidant defenses. It poses a significant threat to the physiological function of reproductive cells. Factors such as xenobiotics and heat can worsen this stress,
[...] Read more.
Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s antioxidant defenses. It poses a significant threat to the physiological function of reproductive cells. Factors such as xenobiotics and heat can worsen this stress, leading to cellular damage and apoptosis, ultimately decreasing reproductive efficiency. The nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in defending against oxidative stress and protecting reproductive cells via enhancing antioxidant responses. Dysregulation of Nrf2 signaling has been associated with infertility and suboptimal reproductive performance in mammals. Recent advancements in therapeutic interventions have underscored the critical role of Nrf2 in mitigating oxidative damage and restoring the functional integrity of reproductive cells. In this narrative review, we delineate the harmful effects of heat and xenobiotic-induced oxidative stress on reproductive cells and explain how Nrf2 signaling provides protection against these challenges. Recent studies have shown that activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway using various bioactive compounds can ameliorate heat stress and xenobiotic-induced oxidative distress and apoptosis in mammalian reproductive cells. By comprehensively analyzing the existing literature, we propose Nrf2 as a key therapeutic target for mitigating oxidative damage and apoptosis in reproductive cells caused by exposure to xenobiotic exposure and heat stress. Additionally, based on the synthesis of these findings, we discuss the potential of therapies focused on the Nrf2 signaling pathway to improve mammalian reproductive efficiency.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Antioxidants for Animal Nutrition—2nd Edition)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Assessment of the Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Properties of Salicornia europaea for the Prevention of TAFLD in Rats
by
Aymen Souid, Lucia Giambastiani, Antonella Castagna, Marco Santin, Fabio Vivarelli, Donatella Canistro, Camilla Morosini, Moreno Paolini, Paola Franchi, Marco Lucarini, Andrea Raffaelli, Lucia Giorgetti, Annamaria Ranieri, Vincenzo Longo, Luisa Pozzo and Andrea Vornoli
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 596; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050596 - 12 May 2024
Abstract
Halophyte species represent valuable reservoirs of natural antioxidants, and, among these, Salicornia europaea stands out as a promising edible plant. In this study, young and old S. europaea leaves were compared for the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity to assess changes
[...] Read more.
Halophyte species represent valuable reservoirs of natural antioxidants, and, among these, Salicornia europaea stands out as a promising edible plant. In this study, young and old S. europaea leaves were compared for the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity to assess changes in different growth phases; then, the potential protective effects against low-dose CCl4-induced toxicant-associated fatty liver disease (TAFLD) were investigated by administering an aqueous suspension of young leaves to rats daily for two weeks. Quantification of total and individual phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activity assays (DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC) showed the highest values in young leaves compared to mature ones. Salicornia treatment mitigated CCl4-induced hepatic oxidative stress, reducing lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels, and preserving the decrease in glutathione levels. Electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy confirmed these results in the liver and evidenced free radicals increase prevention in the brain. Salicornia treatment also attenuated enzymatic disruptions in the liver’s drug metabolizing system and Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, histopathological examination revealed reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. Overall, this study highlights Salicornia’s potential as a source of bioactive compounds with effective hepatoprotective properties capable to prevent TAFLD.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Fruit Antioxidants on Chronic Diseases)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Expression of ChAT, Iba-1, and nNOS in the Central Nervous System following Facial Nerve Injury
by
Jae Min Lee, Myung Chul Yoo, Yong Jun Kim, Sung Soo Kim and Seung Geun Yeo
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050595 - 12 May 2024
Abstract
Facial nerve injury can cause significant functional impairment, impacting both the peripheral and central nervous systems. The present study evaluated changes in facial motor function, numbers of cholinergic neurons and microglia, and nNOS levels in the facial nucleus of the central nervous system
[...] Read more.
Facial nerve injury can cause significant functional impairment, impacting both the peripheral and central nervous systems. The present study evaluated changes in facial motor function, numbers of cholinergic neurons and microglia, and nNOS levels in the facial nucleus of the central nervous system (CNS) following peripheral facial nerve injury. Facial nerve function, as determined by eyeblink and whisker-movement reflexes, was evaluated at baseline and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after inducing facial nerve injury through compression or axotomy. The expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the facial nucleus of the CNS was analyzed 2, 4, and 12 weeks after peripheral facial nerve injury. Compression-induced facial nerve injury was found to lead to temporary facial motor impairment, whereas axotomy resulted in persistent impairment. Moreover, both compression and axotomy reduced ChAT expression and increased Iba-1 and nNOS expression in the facial nucleus, indicating upregulation of an inflammatory response and neurodegeneration. These results indicate that, compared with compression-induced injury, axotomy-induced facial nerve injury results in greater facial motor dysfunction and more persistent microglial and nitric oxide activation in the facial nucleus of the CNS.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and the Central Nervous System)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Diabetic Retinopathy: New Treatment Approaches Targeting Redox and Immune Mechanisms
by
Qi Tang, Francesco Buonfiglio, Elsa Wilma Böhm, Liyu Zhang, Norbert Pfeiffer, Christina A. Korb and Adrian Gericke
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050594 - 12 May 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) represents a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by irreversible visual impairment resulting from microvascular abnormalities. Since the global prevalence of diabetes continues to escalate, DR has emerged as a prominent area of research interest. The development and progression of
[...] Read more.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) represents a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by irreversible visual impairment resulting from microvascular abnormalities. Since the global prevalence of diabetes continues to escalate, DR has emerged as a prominent area of research interest. The development and progression of DR encompass a complex interplay of pathological and physiological mechanisms, such as high glucose-induced oxidative stress, immune responses, vascular endothelial dysfunction, as well as damage to retinal neurons. Recent years have unveiled the involvement of genomic and epigenetic factors in the formation of DR mechanisms. At present, extensive research explores the potential of biomarkers such as cytokines, molecular and cell therapies, antioxidant interventions, and gene therapy for DR treatment. Notably, certain drugs, such as anti-VEGF agents, antioxidants, inhibitors of inflammatory responses, and protein kinase C (PKC)-β inhibitors, have demonstrated promising outcomes in clinical trials. Within this context, this review article aims to introduce the recent molecular research on DR and highlight the current progress in the field, with a particular focus on the emerging and experimental treatment strategies targeting the immune and redox signaling pathways.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Analysis of the Efficiency of Antioxidants in Inhibiting Lipid Oxidation in Terms of Characteristic Kinetic Parameters
by
Sonia Losada-Barreiro, Fátima Paiva-Martins and Carlos Bravo-Díaz
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 593; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050593 - 11 May 2024
Abstract
In this work, we aim to find physical evidence demonstrating the crucial role that the effective concentration of antioxidants (AOs) present at the interfacial region of emulsions has in controlling the inhibition of the lipid oxidation reaction. We prepared a series of antioxidants
[...] Read more.
In this work, we aim to find physical evidence demonstrating the crucial role that the effective concentration of antioxidants (AOs) present at the interfacial region of emulsions has in controlling the inhibition of the lipid oxidation reaction. We prepared a series of antioxidants of different hydrophobicities derived from chlorogenic and protocatechuic acids. We first monitored, in intact emulsions, the (sigmoidal) production of conjugated dienes and determined the corresponding induction times, tind. Independently, we determined the effective concentrations of the antioxidants in the same intact emulsions. Results show that both the length of the induction periods and the antioxidant interfacial concentrations parallel each other, with a maximum at the octyl-dodecyl derivatives. The ratio between the interfacial antioxidant concentrations and the induction periods remains constant for all AOs in the same series, so that the rates of initiation of lipid oxidation are the same regardless of the hydrophobicity of the antioxidant employed. The constancy in the rate of initiation provides strong experimental evidence for a direct relationship between interfacial concentrations and antioxidant efficiencies. Results suggest new possibilities to investigate lipid peroxidation under non-forced conditions and are of interest to formulators interested in preparing emulsions with antimicrobial properties.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Strategies for the Oxidative Stabilization of Wet and Dry Emulsions)
►▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
GDSL Lipase Gene HTA1 Negatively Regulates Heat Tolerance in Rice Seedlings by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation
by
Rui Su, Jingkai Luo, Yingfeng Wang, Yunhua Xiao, Xiong Liu, Huabing Deng, Xuedan Lu, Qiuhong Chen, Guihua Chen, Wenbang Tang and Guilian Zhang
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050592 - 11 May 2024
Abstract
High temperature is a significant environmental stress that limits plant growth and agricultural productivity. GDSL lipase is a hydrolytic enzyme with a conserved GDSL sequence at the N-terminus, which has various biological functions, such as participating in plant growth, development, lipid metabolism, and
[...] Read more.
High temperature is a significant environmental stress that limits plant growth and agricultural productivity. GDSL lipase is a hydrolytic enzyme with a conserved GDSL sequence at the N-terminus, which has various biological functions, such as participating in plant growth, development, lipid metabolism, and stress resistance. However, little is known about the function of the GDSL lipase gene in the heat tolerance of rice. Here, we characterized a lipase family protein coding gene HTA1, which was significantly induced by high temperature in rice. Rice seedlings in which the mutant hta1 was knocked out showed enhanced heat tolerance, whereas the overexpressing HTA1 showed more sensitivity to heat stress. Under heat stress, hta1 could reduce plant membrane damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and elevate the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that mutant hta1 significantly activated gene expression in antioxidant enzymes, heat response, and defense. In conclusion, our results suggest that HTA1 negatively regulates heat stress tolerance by modulating the ROS accumulation and the expression of heat-responsive and defense-related genes in rice seedlings. This research will provide a valuable resource for utilizing HTA1 to improve crop heat tolerance.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense in Plants)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Oxidative Stress, Lipid Peroxidation and Ferroptosis Are Major Pathophysiological Signatures in the Placental Tissue of Women with Late-Onset Preeclampsia
by
Miguel A. Ortega, Luis M. Garcia-Puente, Oscar Fraile-Martinez, Tatiana Pekarek, Cielo García-Montero, Julia Bujan, Leonel Pekarek, Silvestra Barrena-Blázquez, Raquel Gragera, Inmaculada C. Rodríguez-Rojo, Patrocinio Rodríguez-Benitez, Laura López-González, Raul Díaz-Pedrero, Melchor Álvarez-Mon, Natalio García-Honduvilla, Juan A. De León-Luis, Coral Bravo and Miguel A. Saez
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 591; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050591 - 11 May 2024
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a serious and potentially life-threatening medical complication occurring during pregnancy, is characterized by hypertension and often accompanied by proteinuria and multiorgan dysfunction. It is classified into two subtypes based on the timing of diagnosis: early-onset (EO-PE) and late-onset preeclampsia (LO-PE). Despite being
[...] Read more.
Preeclampsia, a serious and potentially life-threatening medical complication occurring during pregnancy, is characterized by hypertension and often accompanied by proteinuria and multiorgan dysfunction. It is classified into two subtypes based on the timing of diagnosis: early-onset (EO-PE) and late-onset preeclampsia (LO-PE). Despite being less severe and exhibiting distinct pathophysiological characteristics, LO-PE is more prevalent than EO-PE, although both conditions have a significant impact on placental health. Previous research indicates that different pathophysiological events within the placenta may contribute to the development of preeclampsia across multiple pathways. In our experimental study, we investigated markers of oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and lipid peroxidation pathways in placental tissue samples obtained from women with LO-PE (n = 68) compared to healthy control pregnant women (HC, n = 43). Through a comprehensive analysis, we observed an upregulation of specific molecules associated with these pathways, including NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX-1), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX-2), transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC), arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX-5), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL-4), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in women with LO-PE. Furthermore, increased ferric tissue deposition (Fe3+) was observed in placenta samples stained with Perls’ Prussian blue. The assessment involved gene and protein expression analyses conducted through RT-qPCR experiments and immunohistochemistry assays. Our findings underscore the heightened activation of inflammatory pathways in LO-PE compared to HC, highlighting the pathological mechanisms underlying this pregnancy disorder.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Maternal-Perinatal Well-Being-2nd Edition)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Antioxidants Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Reviewer Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections & Collections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Editor’s Choice Articles
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Society Collaborations
- Conferences
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal BrowserHighly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Analytica, Antioxidants, Biomedicines, Nutrients, Separations
Discovery of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Organisms and Their Molecular Mechanisms against Diseases
Topic Editors: Jun Dang, Tengfei Ji, Xinxin ZhangDeadline: 31 July 2024
Topic in
Analytica, Antioxidants, Applied Sciences, Molecules, Separations
New Analytical Methods in Plant Active Components Analysis
Topic Editors: Filomena Lelario, Giuliana Bianco, Radosław KowalskiDeadline: 31 October 2024
Topic in
Antioxidants, Biomolecules, Molecules, Pharmaceutics, Separations
Application of Analytical Chemistry in Exercise Physiology and Pharmacology
Topic Editors: Andrzej Pokrywka, Dorota KwiatkowskaDeadline: 15 November 2024
Topic in
IJMS, Pharmaceutics, Cells, Biomolecules, Plants, Universe, Cancers, Antioxidants
Advances in Astrobiology
Topic Editors: Massimo Maffei, Barbara Cavalazzi, Marta del BiancoDeadline: 30 November 2024
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Antioxidants
Oxidative Stress and NRF2 in Health and Disease
Guest Editor: Lidija MilkovićDeadline: 20 May 2024
Special Issue in
Antioxidants
Antioxidant Activity of Fermented Foods and Food Microorganisms
Guest Editor: Myung-Ji SeoDeadline: 31 May 2024
Special Issue in
Antioxidants
Beneficial Effects on Oxidative Stress and Human Health by Dietary Polyphenols
Guest Editor: Arianna VigniniDeadline: 20 June 2024
Special Issue in
Antioxidants
Antioxidant Defenses against Pollution and Other Environmental Stresses
Guest Editors: Gianfranco Santovito, Paola IratoDeadline: 30 June 2024
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Antioxidants
Advances in Antioxidant Ingredients from Natural Products
Collection Editors: Carla Susana Correia Pereira, Lillian Barros