Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 

Saved Queries

Sign in to use this feature.

Search Filter Reset All

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Subjects Reset
Select Subjects

Journals

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Journals Reset
Select Journals

Article Types

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Article Types Reset
Select Article Types

Countries / Regions

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Countries / Regions Reset
Select Countries / Regions
Update Search
share announcement

Search Results (4)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = thermoreduction

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
20 pages, 2595 KiB  
Review
An Overview of Thermochemical Reduction Processes for Titanium Production
by Nyasha Matsanga, Michel Wa Kalenga and Willie Nheta
Minerals 2025, 15(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15010017 - 27 Dec 2024
Viewed by 2400
Abstract
Titanium is one of the most abundant metals with superior properties such as excellent mechanical properties, high strength-to-weight ratio, and oxidation and corrosion resistance. However, it is commercially expensive to produce; hence, its use is limited. Currently, the Kroll process remains the most [...] Read more.
Titanium is one of the most abundant metals with superior properties such as excellent mechanical properties, high strength-to-weight ratio, and oxidation and corrosion resistance. However, it is commercially expensive to produce; hence, its use is limited. Currently, the Kroll process remains the most commercially exploited to produce titanium. Therefore, this paper thoroughly reviews some other proposed and developing thermo-reduction methods using the two main precursors titanium dioxide (TiO2) and titanium chloride (TiCl4) together with the environmental impacts they cause. The exorbitant production cost and environmental issues have resulted in enormous research and development to innovate more sustainable methods of titanium production. The various processes were comprehensively analyzed to assess whether they have the potential to expand to be economically viable. From this review, it is apparent that most of the methods still require further research to scale them up to an industrial and commercial level. Recent developments including the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Ti (CSIR-Ti), Titanium Reduction Oxide (TiRO), Preform Reduction Process (PRP), and hydrogen-assisted magnesiothermic reduction (HAMR) processes are auspicious for producing high-purity titanium sustainably. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 6101 KiB  
Communication
Comparison of Efficacy and Inflammatory Response to Thermoconjunctivoplasty Performed with Cautery or Pulsed 1460 nm Laser
by Rodrigo Guimaraes de Souza, David Huang, Scott Prahl, Lauren Nakhleh and Stephen C. Pflugfelder
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(6), 5740; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065740 - 17 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1933
Abstract
Conjunctivochalasis is a degenerative condition of the conjunctiva that disrupts tear distribution and causes irritation. Thermoreduction of the redundant conjunctiva is required if symptoms are not relieved with medical therapy. Near-infrared laser treatment is a more controlled method to shrink the conjunctiva than [...] Read more.
Conjunctivochalasis is a degenerative condition of the conjunctiva that disrupts tear distribution and causes irritation. Thermoreduction of the redundant conjunctiva is required if symptoms are not relieved with medical therapy. Near-infrared laser treatment is a more controlled method to shrink the conjunctiva than thermocautery. This study compared tissue shrinkage, histology, and postoperative inflammation in thermoconjunctivoplasty performed on the mouse conjunctiva using either thermocautery or pulsed 1460 nm near-infrared laser irradiation. Three sets of experiments were performed on female C57BL/6J mice (n = 72, 26 per treatment group and 20 control) to assess conjunctival shrinkage, wound histology, and inflammation 3 and 10 days after treatment. Both treatments effectively shrunk the conjunctiva, but thermocautery caused greater epithelial damage. Thermocautery caused greater infiltration of neutrophils on day 3 and neutrophils and CD11b+ myeloid cells on day 10. The thermocautery group had significantly higher conjunctival expression of IL-1β on day 3. Expression of chemokine CCL2 was higher in the conjunctiva on day 3 and tear concentrations were higher on day 7 in the laser group. These results suggest that pulsed laser treatment causes less tissue damage and postoperative inflammation than thermocautery while effectively addressing conjunctivochalasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dry Eye: Molecular Mechanisms, Inflammation Biology and Novel Molecular Targets)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 6255 KiB  
Article
Ni–Cr Powders Modified with Rhenium as a Novel Coating Material—Physical Properties, Microstructure, and Behavior in Plasma Plume
by Adriana Wrona, Marcin Lis, Krzysztof Pęcak, Izabela Kalemba-Rec, Stanisław Dymek, Mirosław Wróbel, Katarzyna Bilewska, Katarzyna Kustra, Marek Stanisław Węglowski and Piotr Śliwiński
Materials 2022, 15(11), 3844; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113844 - 27 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2097
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a new coating material based on Ni20Cr alloy modified with up to 50%wt. rhenium. The modification was carried out by the mechanical mixing of the base powder and ammonium perrhenate with the subsequent thermoreduction in [...] Read more.
The aim of this work was to develop a new coating material based on Ni20Cr alloy modified with up to 50%wt. rhenium. The modification was carried out by the mechanical mixing of the base powder and ammonium perrhenate with the subsequent thermoreduction in an H2 atmosphere. The obtained powder consists of a nickel–chromium core surrounded by a rhenium shell. The characterization of the powders—including their microstructure, phase and chemical composition, density, flowability, particle size distribution, and specific surface area—was performed. The influence of plasma current intensity and hydrogen gas flow on in-flight particle temperature and velocity were investigated. The results indicate that there is interdiffusion between the base Ni20Cr and the rhenium shell, resulting in intermediary solid solution(s). The modified powders have a higher specific surface area and a lower flowability, but this does not prevent them from being used as feedstock in plasma spraying. In-flight measurements reveal that increasing the content of rhenium allows for the higher temperature of particles, though it also reduces their speed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art: Surface and Coating Technologies)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1481 KiB  
Article
Preparing Sc-Bearing Master Alloy Using Aluminum–Magnesium Thermoreduction Method
by Junhui Xiao, Wei Ding, Yang Peng, Tao Chen and Kai Zou
Metals 2020, 10(7), 960; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10070960 - 16 Jul 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4027
Abstract
In this study, preparation of Al–Mg–Sc master alloy tests were carried out by Al–Mg thermoreduction method. Stirring by blowing argon and pressing with molten salt jar were adopted to reduce scandium segregation and upgrading scandium recovery of scandium-bearing master alloy. The results show [...] Read more.
In this study, preparation of Al–Mg–Sc master alloy tests were carried out by Al–Mg thermoreduction method. Stirring by blowing argon and pressing with molten salt jar were adopted to reduce scandium segregation and upgrading scandium recovery of scandium-bearing master alloy. The results show that the Al–Mg–Sc master alloy ingot contained 2.90% Sc, 5.73% Mg, 0.0058% Cu, 0.29%, 0.029% Ti, 0.13% Fe, 0.075% Zn, 0.025% Na, and 96.72% recovered scandium obtained under the comprehensive conditions used: m(Al): m(Mg): m(ScCl3) = 10:1:1.5, stirring speed of eight rpm, reduction temperature of 1223 K, reduction time of 40 min. The experimental results are in agreement with the thermodynamic predictions, and Al–Mg–Sc master alloy indicator was ideal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aluminum Alloys and Aluminum Matrix Composites)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying article 1-50 on page 1 of 1.
Back to TopTop