Search Results (4,071)

Background: Neonatal sepsis (NS) is a life-threatening condition in newborns, which is an infectious process with a systemic inflammatory reaction to bacterial, viral, or fungal infection acquired in the first 28 days of life. Methods: This study examines the major pathogens causing neonatal sepsis in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and their resistance patterns to antimicrobial agents. We utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to develop this systematic review to follow a systematic and transparent process. The comprehensive literature review was done in several national and global databases, which include PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The key words inserted in the search strategy were “neonatal sepsis,” “late-onset sepsis,” “early-onset sepsis,” and “Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC),” and the keywords of antimicrobial resistance and pathogens were used: “antimicrobial drug resistance” and “pathogens.” Only articles published from January 1983 to January 2025 were included for screening. Results: The final count of the articles that fit the inclusion criteria is 54, and 5177 neonatal sepsis cases’ data have been identified. The most common pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Klebsiella spp., which caused 17.4 percent (901 cases) and 15.9 percent (825 cases) of neonatal sepsis, respectively. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the most resistant, especially to oxacillin and erythromycin. The most isolated pathogens among Gram-negative spp. were Klebsiella spp., which showed a resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and ceftriaxone. Conclusions: The bacterial isolates had a diversity of antimicrobial resistance, stressing the necessity of continuous hospital surveillance. Sophisticated diagnostic methods and well-designed research are necessary, especially in areas characterized by high rates of neonatal mortality, to determine the prevalence of neonatal sepsis, risk factors, and clinical outcomes. Full article

Nutrition is being increasingly recognized as a modifiable adjuvant factor in symptom management, yet few studies have examined the direct contribution of fruit consumption to chronic disease outcomes. The existing research largely emphasizes broad dietary patterns or isolated nutrients, rather than specific fruit species and their complex bioactive profiles. This gap is particularly evident in conditions lacking disease-specific pharmacological treatments, such as fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), where patients often depend on lifestyle adjustments and complementary strategies for symptom relief. The therapeutic use of fruits presents methodological challenges, as their biochemical composition is strongly influenced by abiotic and biotic stresses, seasonal and regional variations, as well as post-harvest handling and storage. Such variability complicates reproducibility and obscures causal links in clinical research. While reductionist approaches that isolate single compounds offer dose control, they risk losing synergistic effects inherent to whole fruits. Conversely, whole-fruit consumption preserves integrative complexity but introduces variability. Overcoming these limitations requires rigorous standardization across agricultural, nutritional, and clinical domains, accurate species and cultivar identification, controlled cultivation conditions, chemical fingerprinting, and biomarker validation. In this context, cacti fruits such as Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear), which is rich in betalains and polyphenols, emerge as promise adjuvant agents for FMS symptom management. We propose a protocol designed to systematically evaluate their efficacy and feasibility in clinical application, aiming to strengthen the reliability and accuracy of research outcomes. Full article

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Levilactobacillus brevis, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strains isolated from Mihalic cheese, also known as “weeping cheese”, on fermentation kinetics, microbial viability, and textural and aromatic properties of the butter matrix. The effects of the isolates were determined on acidification kinetics (V_max, T_vmax, pH_vmax), viability proportion index (VPI), textural parameters (firmness, work of shear, stickiness, work of adhesion), and volatile aroma compounds (GC-MS) formation. This study found that the BLR sample containing Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus maintained its limited viability under acidic stress conditions despite its high fermentation rate and low pH_vmax values. The BLP sample containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei exhibited high viability due to its low acidification rate and limited pH change. Determining the chemical classes to which the aroma compounds in the BLP sample belonged revealed a composition rich in fatty acids. The BLB sample containing Levilactobacillus brevis produced a high ΔpH value and an aroma profile rich in aldehyde compounds. Examination of the macro-structural properties of the butter samples revealed that the sample containing Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, similar to the control sample (BMC), was more compact and rigid during storage. In contrast, samples containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Levilactobacillus brevis had a softer/spreadable texture. These findings demonstrate the potential of lactic acid bacteria isolates from the traditional Mihalic cheese microbiota as biological catalysts for the development/improvement of texture, aroma, and sensory quality in high-fat dairy products and for the industrial production of products modified to meet consumer preferences. Full article

To elucidate the adaptive strategies of leaf functional traits of Larix principis-rupprechtii in the context of climate change, this study chose 2 and 3 year-old seedlings of Larix principis-rupprechtii as the focal research objects. The experiment entailed transplanting seedlings obtained from different sources into high and low altitudes: 1600 m, 1900 m, 2100 m, and 2400 m, respectively. With changes in transplant elevation, seedlings showed variable responses in photosynthesis, water-use efficiency, and leaf morphology, depending on the altitude. High-altitude seedlings transplanted to low altitudes increased SLA and branch extension, enhancing photosynthesis and C-N metabolism. Conversely, low-altitude seedlings transplanted to high altitudes improved cold resistance primarily via leaf thickening, adjusting the chlorophyll a/b ratio, and enhancing the redistribution of soluble proteins. For high-altitude sources, water-use efficiency and transpiration rate were strongly linked to leaf nitrogen and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, respectively, indicating the optimisation of photosynthetic and water-use efficiency through modulation of chlorophyll-a content and branch extension. Low-altitude seedlings chiefly adjusted the chla/b ratio, leaf morphological traits, and soluble protein to cope with altitudinal change. In summary, variation in leaf functional traits among seedlings of Larix principis-rupprechtii across elevational gradients did not reflect isolated changes in individual traits but rather arose from integrated adjustments of photosynthetic capacity, resource allocation, and metabolic coupling, thereby optimising the balance between light capture, water usage, and stress tolerance. These results, therefore, offer insights into adaptive strategies under climate change. Full article

Clostridium perfringens is responsible for various diseases. Foodborne outbreaks (FBOs) result from the in situ production of C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) by type F strains during sporulation. The cpe gene can be plasmidic (p-cpe) or chromosomal (c-cpe). Strains (c-cpe) exhibit greater heat resistance and are frequently associated with FBO. Strains cpe-negative are considered heat-sensitive. This study investigates the sporulation abilities and heat resistance of eight C. perfringens strains isolated from French foodborne outbreaks. Whole-genome sequencing classified the strains into two clades: the “chromosomal cpe clade,”, mainly composed of cpe-positive strains with c-cpe and some cpe-negative strains, and the “plasmidic cpe clade,”, primarily containing cpe-negative strains and a few with plasmid-borne cpe. Sporulation assays and thermal inactivation kinetics were performed on FBO strains to evaluate the influence of genetic variability on sporulation abilities and heat resistance. Experimental analyses revealed that strains within the “chromosomal cpe clade” exhibited the highest sporulation abilities, regardless of cpe presence, while those in the “plasmidic cpe clade” had low sporulation ability. Moreover, heat-resistant spores were produced exclusively by strains of the “chromosomal cpe clade,” with c-cpe strains exhibiting the highest heat resistance (δ_{95 °C} ≈ 49 min), followed by cpe-negative strains (δ_{95 °C} ≈ 9.5 min). p-cpe strains exhibited a heat-sensitive phenotype, with δ_{85 °C} values of 12 min. A key finding of this study is the identification of a group with intermediate heat resistance, distinct from the highly heat-resistant (c-cpe) and heat-sensitive (p-cpe) strains. This intermediate heat-resistance phenotype, observed in cpe-negative strains within the “chromosomal cpe clade,” offers a new perspective on C. perfringens stress adaptation, suggesting their potential for persistence in food. Their heat resistance, along with the potential for cpe gene transfer, could make these strains a relevant hazard for cooked, cooled, and re-heated meat products. Full article

A novel bacterial strain was isolated from the roots of Suaeda japonica, a halophytic plant inhabiting tidal zones. Phylogenetic, genomic, and phenotypic analyses identified the isolate as a novel species within the genus Paraburkholderia, for which the name Paraburkholderia suaedae sp. nov. is proposed. The strain exhibits multiple plant growth-promoting traits, including the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and siderophore, along with the ability to fix nitrogen and solubilize phosphate. Genomic analysis revealed genes associated with enhanced root surface adhesion and rhizosphere survival, such as those involved in thiamine biosynthesis and transport, and biofilm formation via poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (PGA) synthesis. These features suggest the strain’s potential for persistent colonization and beneficial interaction with host plants. Although its direct impact on plant growth has not yet been experimentally validated, the genetic and biochemical evidence supports its potential application in agriculture. The objective of this study was to conduct a polyphasic taxonomic characterization of a novel strain DGU8^T isolated from the roots of the halophyte Suaeda japonica, and to assess its potential as a plant growth-promoting agent, particularly its tolerance to drought-related osmotic stress. Full article

Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are dynamic, actin-based intercellular structures that facilitate the transfer of organelles, including mitochondria, between cells. Unlike other protrusive structures such as filopodia and cytonemes, TNTs exhibit structural heterogeneity and functional versatility, enabling both short- and long-range cargo transport. This review explores the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial transfer via TNTs, with a particular focus on cytoskeletal dynamics and the role of key regulatory proteins such as Miro1, GFAP, MICAL2PV, CD38, Connexin 43, M-Sec, thymosin β4, and Talin 2. Miro1 emerges as a central mediator of mitochondrial trafficking, linking organelle motility to cellular stress responses and tissue repair. We delve into the translational implications of TNTs-mediated mitochondrial exchange in regenerative medicine and oncology, highlighting its potential to restore bioenergetics, mitigate oxidative stress, and reprogram cellular states. Despite growing interest, critical gaps remain in understanding the molecular determinants of TNT formation, the quality and fate of transferred mitochondria, and the optimal sources for mitochondrial isolation. Addressing these questions will be essential for harnessing TNTs and mitochondrial transplantation as therapeutic tools. Full article

Endometrial tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eMSCs) have potential therapeutic properties partially exerted via their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). eMSC-EVs contain cargos with regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Specifically, the miRNA profile of CD146High eMSC-EVs has been shown to promote anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization in vitro. Herein, we aimed to characterize the lncRNA profile of CD146High and CD146Low eMSC-EVs and further assess their immunomodulatory and anabolic therapeutic function in osteoarthritis (OA). We hypothesized that the CD146High eMSC-EVs lncRNA profile is enriched with potent anti-inflammatory and pro-anabolic cartilage effects when compared to the CD146Low eMSC-EVs lncRNA profile. Human endometrial tissue was collected, and the eMSCs were magnetically sorted to yield the CD146High and CD146Low eMSC subpopulations. The eMSC-EVs were isolated via ultracentrifugation and CD63 magnetic immunoselection methods and characterized by nanosight and flow cytometry analyses. Our results showed that CD146High eMSC-EVs display an lncRNA profile with both anabolic and catabolic features, exerting a more dynamic effect on chondrocyte gene expression than CD146Low eMSC-EVs, suggesting a potential benefit of using CD146High eMSC-EVs to attenuate the negative effects of inflammation in OA. CD146High eMSC-EVs also demonstrated greater endothelial repair capacity under inflammatory stress. In conclusion, cell-free CD146High eMSC-EV has therapeutic potential through its protective anti-inflammatory effects, warranting further pre-clinical investigation. Full article

Cold stress adversely affects crop growth, and climate change is increasing its severity and frequency in many agricultural regions. Tomato plants are sensitive to low temperatures, although they activate some stress response mechanisms. Beneficial microorganisms can enhance cold-stress acclimation in tomato plants, but the transcriptional regulation underlying this process remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the transcriptional processes activated by cold stress in tomato plants following inoculation with cold-tolerant bacteria isolated from alpine plants to identify genes potentially involved in cold stress acclimation. Among 41 cold-tolerant bacterial isolates tested, Chryseobacterium sp. GRCS301 and Pseudomonas sp. GRCS202 inoculation in sterilized soil promoted tomato growth under controlled non-stress (25 ± 2 °C) and cold-stress (10 ± 2 °C) conditions. Bacterial inoculations lowered H₂O₂ content and affected the transcriptional regulations activated in tomato shoots after one day and 14 days of incubation under cold-stress conditions. In mock-inoculated plants, cold stress downregulated genes related to energy generation, photosynthesis, and reproductive processes, highlighting its detrimental effects. Conversely, plants inoculated with Chryseobacterium and Pseudomonas upregulated genes involved in DNA replication, galactose metabolism, polysaccharide metabolism, photosynthesis, and protein metabolism in response to cold stress. Bacterial inoculation induced the expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species homeostasis, cold-stress response, and hormonal signaling, suggesting that cold-tolerant bacteria trigger key transcriptional changes in tomato plants and enhance cold-stress acclimation. Full article

Deltamethrin is widely employed for crop pest control, aquaculture pond clearance, and fish parasite treatment. Due to its photostability, thermal resistance, and lipophilicity, deltamethrin has a high potential for environmental persistence and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms. This poses significant risks to aquatic ecosystems, the safety of aquatic products, and human health. Although our previous study isolated Paracoccus sp. P-2 from crab culture pond sediment and demonstrated its high efficiency in degrading deltamethrin, the underlying mechanisms and enzyme characteristics remain unelucidated. In this study, genomic analysis revealed that the Paracoccus sp. P-2 genome was assembled into 3 contigs with a total length of 4,451,812 bp, an average G + C content of 67.73%, and a total of 4462 predicted genes. In addition, a quantitative analysis of the Paracoccus sp. P-2 proteome identified 3052 proteins, with 2705 exhibiting significant differential abundance (FC ≥ 1.5 or FC ≤ 0.6667, and p-value ≤ 0.05) following deltamethrin exposure. Among them, many upregulated differentially expressed proteins were enriched in carbohydrate and energy metabolism pathways, indicating that Paracoccus sp. P-2 enhances its basal metabolic activity in response to deltamethrin-induced stress. More importantly, enzymes belonging to hydrolases, decarboxylases, and those involved in multiple xenobiotic metabolic pathways were upregulated and are likely to participate in the degradation of deltamethrin. This study elucidates the impact of deltamethrin on bacterial metabolism and its degradation mechanism by Paracoccus sp. P-2, providing crucial insights and microbial resources for researching pyrethroid biodegradation. Full article

Approximately 3.8% of the global population suffers from depressive disorders, posing a substantial public health challenge exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic due to widespread unemployment and prolonged social isolation. The difficulty in objectively quantifying psychological states underscores the need for effective stress assessment methods. Herein, we developed a portable electrochemical cortisol sensor (PECS) for accurate mental stress assessment. The PECS consists of a screen-printed carbon electrode decorated with gold nanoparticles and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) synthesized via electropolymerization. The as-prepared PECS demonstrates a wide and linear detection range from 1 fM to 1 μM, an ultra-low detection limit of 0.4112 fM and a high sensitivity of 15.518 nA∙lg(nM⁻¹)∙cm⁻². This work provides new possibility of developing soft bioelectronics for non-invasive and real-time mental health monitoring. Full article

This study explores the complex relationship between addiction and well-being among youth by examining social, behavioral, and economic factors. It aims to identify the key determinants influencing addiction and their impact on young individuals’ physical, mental, and social well-being. Utilizing a dataset including variables such as social isolation, academic decline, financial issues, and mental and physical health problems, the study applies correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering techniques to uncover significant patterns. The results reveal that behaviors like experimentation (ρ = 0.34), social isolation (ρ = 0.28), and financial stress (ρ = 0.22) are strongly associated with addiction. These findings suggest that early risk-taking behaviors, particularly experimentation, play a critical role in the development of addiction and highlight the importance of early intervention. Social and economic stressors are also key contributors, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies. The study concludes that addiction among youth is a multidimensional issue requiring holistic responses, including enhanced social support, economic assistance, and improved access to healthcare. These insights can inform effective policies and interventions aimed at reducing addiction rates and promoting well-being in young populations. Full article

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant complication of hyperoxia in preterm neonates. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapies derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show regenerative potential. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of EVs derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs), particularly those engineered to overexpress miR-7704 in a hyperoxia-induced BPD cell model. EVs were isolated from GFP- and miR-7704-transfected HUCMSCs. A549 alveolar epithelial cells were exposed to normoxic or hyperoxic conditions and treated with HUCMSC-EV or miR-7704-HUCMSC-EV. EV uptake was confirmed using fluorescence microscopy. Cell proliferation was evaluated, and apoptosis was assessed by means of Western blot analysis of caspase family proteins and apoptosis-related markers. Both HUCMSC-EV and miR-7704-HUCMSC-EV enhanced A549 cell proliferation under hyperoxic stress, with miR-7704-HUCMSC-EV showing greater efficacy. Protein-level analyses revealed hyperoxia-induced increases in cleaved caspase-3, caspase-7, and FasL, along with decreased Bcl-2. Treatment with miR-7704-HUCMSC-EV significantly reversed these effects, whereas HUCMSC-EVs minimally impacted apoptotic protein expression. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that hsa-miR-7704 targeted the 3′ UTR of APOPT1. miR-7704-HUCMSC EVs also enhanced the expression of key antioxidant enzymes, including SOD1, SOD2, and HO-1. miR-7704-enriched HUCMSC-derived EV significantly promoted cell survival and mitigated hyperoxia-induced apoptosis and oxidation in a BPD cell model, suggesting their potential therapeutic role in neonatal lung injury. Full article

Laserpitium siler subsp. siculum (Apiaceae) is a Mediterranean plant with a long history of traditional medicinal use. In this study, the chemical composition and anticancer potential of three novel (and one new to the genus) sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) isolated from its roots were investigated. The structural characterization, carried out through NMR and HPLC-MS analyses, identified unique guaianolide-type lactones. The biological activity of these compounds was evaluated in vitro using MDA-MB-231 cells, a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line. Cell viability assays demonstrated that all SLs tested reduced TNBC cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with SL-1 exhibiting the highest cytotoxicity. Light microscopy analyses and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining confirmed the induction of apoptotic cell death, further supported by Western blot analyses showing caspase-3 activation and PARP-1 cleavage. Additional experiments indicated that SL-1 induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased ROS production and upregulation of the levels of the antioxidant enzymes MnSOD and HO-1. Moreover, JC-1 staining and Western blot analyses revealed mitochondrial membrane depolarization as well as a significant reduction in VDAC-1 expression, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction as a key event in the cytotoxic mechanism. These findings highlight L. siler subsp. siculum as a promising source of bioactive compounds with anticancer potential. The ability of its sesquiterpene lactones to induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment provides new insights into their mode of action, supporting further research into their therapeutic applications for TNBC treatment. Full article

This paper reviews and analyzes three types of vertical-axis wind rotors: the classic Savonius, spiral Savonius, and Darrieus designs. Using numerical modeling methods, including computational fluid dynamics (CFD), their aerodynamic characteristics, power output, and efficiency under different operating conditions are examined. Key parameters such as lift, drag, torque, and power coefficient are compared to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each rotor. Results highlight that the Darrieus rotor demonstrates the highest efficiency at higher wind speeds due to lift-based operation, while the spiral Savonius offers improved stability, smoother torque characteristics, and adaptability in turbulent or low-wind environments. The classic Savonius, though less efficient, remains simple, cost-effective, and suitable for small-scale urban applications where reliability is prioritized over high performance. In addition, the study outlines the importance of blade geometry, tip speed ratio, and advanced materials in enhancing rotor durability and efficiency. The integration of modern optimization approaches, such as CFD-based design improvements and machine learning techniques, is emphasized as a promising pathway for developing more reliable and sustainable vertical-axis wind turbines. Although the primary analysis relies on numerical simulations, the observed performance trends are consistent with findings reported in experimental studies, indicating that the results are practically meaningful for design screening, technology selection, and siting decisions. Unlike prior studies that analyze Savonius and Darrieus rotors in isolation or under heterogeneous setups, this work (i) establishes a harmonized, fully specified CFD configuration (common domain, BCs, turbulence/near-wall treatment, time-stepping) enabling like-for-like comparison; (ii) couples the transient aerodynamic loads p(θ,t) into a dynamic FEA + fatigue pipeline (rainflow + Miner with mean-stress correction), going beyond static loading proxies; (iii) quantifies a prototype-stage materials choice rationale (aluminum) with a validated migration path to orthotropic composites; and (iv) reports reproducible wake/torque metrics that are cross-checked against mature models (DMST/actuator-cylinder), providing design-ready envelopes for small/medium VAWTs. Overall, the work provides recommendations for selecting rotor types under different wind conditions and operational scenarios to maximize energy conversion performance and long-term reliability. Full article