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Search Results (4)

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Keywords = resistin like molecule β

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18 pages, 5056 KB  
Article
A Small Intestinal Helminth Infection Alters Colonic Mucus and Shapes the Colonic Mucus Microbiome
by Thomas C. Mules, Francesco Vacca, Alissa Cait, Bibek Yumnam, Alfonso Schmidt, Brittany Lavender, Kate Maclean, Sophia-Louise Noble, Olivier Gasser, Mali Camberis, Graham Le Gros and Stephen Inns
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 12015; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212015 - 8 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2806
Abstract
Infecting humans with controlled doses of small intestinal helminths, such as human hookworm, is proposed as a therapy for the colonic inflammatory disease ulcerative colitis. Strengthening the colonic mucus barrier is a potential mechanism by which small intestinal helminths could treat ulcerative colitis. [...] Read more.
Infecting humans with controlled doses of small intestinal helminths, such as human hookworm, is proposed as a therapy for the colonic inflammatory disease ulcerative colitis. Strengthening the colonic mucus barrier is a potential mechanism by which small intestinal helminths could treat ulcerative colitis. In this study, we compare C57BL/6 mice infected with the small intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus and uninfected controls to investigate changes in colonic mucus. Histology, gene expression, and immunofluorescent analysis demonstrate that this helminth induces goblet cell hyperplasia, and an upregulation of mucin sialylation, and goblet-cell-derived functional proteins resistin-like molecule-beta (RELM-β) and trefoil factors (TFFs), in the colon. Using IL-13 knockout mice, we reveal that these changes are predominantly IL-13-dependent. The assessment of the colonic mucus microbiome demonstrates that H. polygyrus infection increases the abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus, a commensal bacterium capable of utilising sialic acid as an energy source. This study also investigates a human cohort experimentally challenged with human hookworm. It demonstrates that TFF blood levels increase in individuals chronically infected with small intestinal helminths, highlighting a conserved mucus response between humans and mice. Overall, small intestinal helminths modify colonic mucus, highlighting this as a plausible mechanism by which human hookworm therapy could treat ulcerative colitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Roles of Epithelial and Endothelial Cells)
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7 pages, 632 KB  
Brief Report
Osteopontin Is Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapses
by Mario Stampanoni Bassi, Fabio Buttari, Luana Gilio, Ennio Iezzi, Giovanni Galifi, Fortunata Carbone, Teresa Micillo, Ettore Dolcetti, Federica Azzolini, Antonio Bruno, Angela Borrelli, Georgia Mandolesi, Valentina Rovella, Marianna Storto, Annamaria Finardi, Roberto Furlan, Diego Centonze and Giuseppe Matarese
Biomedicines 2023, 11(1), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010178 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2965
Abstract
Background: Osteopontin, an extracellular matrix protein involved in bone remodeling, tissue repair and inflammation, has previously been associated with increased inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS), promoting a worse disease course. Osteopontin is also likely involved in acute MS relapses. Methods: In [...] Read more.
Background: Osteopontin, an extracellular matrix protein involved in bone remodeling, tissue repair and inflammation, has previously been associated with increased inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS), promoting a worse disease course. Osteopontin is also likely involved in acute MS relapses. Methods: In 47 patients with relapsing-remitting MS, we explored the correlation between the time elapsed between the last clinical relapse and lumbar puncture, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of osteopontin and a group of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines such as resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, osteoprotegerin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). We also analyzed the correlations between CSF levels of osteopontin and the other CSF molecules considered. Results: Osteopontin CSF concentrations were higher in patients with a shorter time interval between the last clinical relapse and CSF withdrawal. In addition, CSF levels of osteopontin were positively correlated with the proinflammatory cytokines IL-2 and IL-6 and negatively correlated with the anti-inflammatory molecule IL-1ra. Conclusions: Our results further suggest the role of osteopontin in acute MS relapses showing that, in proximity to relapses, osteopontin expression in CSF may be increased along with other proinflammatory mediators and correlated with decreased concentrations of anti-inflammatory molecules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience)
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13 pages, 1609 KB  
Article
Predictive and Prognostic Utility of the Serum Level of Resistin-Like Molecule Beta for Risk Stratification in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
by Li Chen, Qiongzhen Luo, Ying Shang, Xinwei He, Yu Xu and Zhancheng Gao
Pathogens 2021, 10(2), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020122 - 25 Jan 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2149
Abstract
Despite progress in intensive care, the morbidity and mortality of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains high. Furthermore, the predictive and prognostic utility of resistin-like molecule beta (RELM-β) in patients with CAP is uncertain. This study investigated the role of RELM-β in patients [...] Read more.
Despite progress in intensive care, the morbidity and mortality of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains high. Furthermore, the predictive and prognostic utility of resistin-like molecule beta (RELM-β) in patients with CAP is uncertain. This study investigated the role of RELM-β in patients with CAP and evaluated its correlation with disease severity and the risk of death. A prospective, multicenter study was conducted in 2017, and admission serum levels of RELM-β were detected using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 114 and 112 patients with severe CAP (SCAP) and non-severe CAP (NSCAP) were enrolled, respectively, with 15 healthy controls. Patients with SCAP, especially non-survivors, had significantly higher levels of serum RELM-β than patients with NSCAP. RELM-β levels positively correlated with severity scores and consistently predicted SCAP in patients with CAP (area under the curve = 0.794). Increased levels of RELM-β were closely related to the severity and prognosis of patients with CAP. The accuracy of 30-day mortality predictions of CURB-65 (confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age ≥ 65 years) can be significantly improved when combined with RELM-β levels. The level of RELM-β can assist clinicians in risk stratification of patients with CAP in early stages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Immunological Responses and Immune Defense Mechanisms)
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18 pages, 1576 KB  
Review
Roles of Gut-Derived Secretory Factors in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Their Possible Clinical Applications
by Hirofumi Okubo, Akifumi Kushiyama, Yusuke Nakatsu, Takeshi Yamamotoya, Yasuka Matsunaga, Midori Fujishiro, Hideyuki Sakoda, Haruya Ohno, Masayasu Yoneda and Tomoichiro Asano
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19(10), 3064; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103064 - 8 Oct 2018
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6355
Abstract
The rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) parallels the global increase in the number of people diagnosed with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The gut-liver axis (GLA) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this review, we [...] Read more.
The rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) parallels the global increase in the number of people diagnosed with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The gut-liver axis (GLA) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this review, we discuss the clinical significance and underlying mechanisms of action of gut-derived secretory factors in NAFLD/NASH, focusing on recent human studies. Several studies have identified potential causal associations between gut-derived secretory factors and NAFLD/NASH, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The effects of gut-derived hormone-associated drugs, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 analog and recombinant variant of fibroblast growth factor 19, and other new treatment strategies for NAFLD/NASH have also been reported. A growing body of evidence highlights the role of GLA in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH. Larger and longitudinal studies as well as translational research are expected to provide additional insights into the role of gut-derived secretory factors in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH, possibly providing novel markers and therapeutic targets in patients with NAFLD/NASH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liver Damage and Repair)
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