462 Results Found

It is important to clarify the distribution of pyrolysis products from lignocellulosic biomass for its thermal transformation to produce high-quality bio-oil. Influences of the reaction temperature and catalysts on the pyrolysis product distribution...

The reaction of citric acid with wood veneers was studied by Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS 13C NMR) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI ToF) mass spectrometry. The analysi...

The reaction of wood with maleic anhydride (MA) and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) has been identified as a viable modification method, with macroscopical properties indicating formation of cross-linking to explain the results. However, the chemical reac...

The kinetics of color changes in larch sapwood and heartwood during heat treatment were investigated in this study in order to determine if the process of color change that occurs in the surface of wood can be regulated. Wood samples were heated at 9...

Converting wood waste into thermoplastic materials is an attractive means of increasing its utilization. A promising method for imparting thermoplasticity to wood is chemical modification, in which the hydroxyl groups in wood are substituted with ben...

A considerable proportion (about 64%) of biomass energy is produced from woody biomass (wood and its wastes). However, waste wood (WW) is very often contaminated with metal(loid) elements at concentrations leading to toxicity emissions and damages to...

The effects of thermal modification of wood have been well established, particularly in terms of reductions in mechanical performance. In recent years, there has been an increase in studies related to the Maillard reaction. More commonly associated w...

This paper presents the interfacial optimisation of wood plastic composites (WPC) based on recycled wood flour and polyethylene by employing maleated and silane coupling agents. The effect of the incorporation of the coupling agents on the variation...

As the only renewable resource among the four basic materials (steel, cement, plastic, wood), wood itself and wood products have a “low carbon” value and play an important role in storing carbon. The moisture absorption and expansion prop...

The goal of this research was to synthesize activated nitrogen-doped nanocarbons with high specific surface area and adjustable pore size distribution using wood charcoal as a raw material. The resulting carbon materials were tested for possible appl...

Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular control of secondary cell wall (SCW) formation have shed light on molecular mechanisms that underpin domestication traits related to wood formation. One such trait is the cellulose microfibril an...

It can be found that reaction mechanisms and interactions between wood and organosilicone compounds have not been sufficiently explored. The aim of the study was to determine bonds formed between either cellulose or lignin and methyltrimethoxysilane...

More energy-efficient industries could reduce the problems of pollution, global warming, energy security, and fossil fuel depletion, including processing waste into raw materials and more efficient energy cogeneration. This research project considers...

This is a study of concept on the initial application for wood adhesives totally biosourced from the covalent reaction between soy protein isolate (SPI) and a commercial flavonoid tannin, namely quebracho tannin. The adhesive is composed exclusively...

Wood adhesives play a critical role in the wood processing industry; however, traditional formaldehyde-based adhesives pose health risks and are reliant on non-renewable resources. This study aims to develop a bio-based wood adhesive with excellent w...

Compared to conventional allothermal gasification of solid fuels (e.g., biomass, charcoal, lignite, etc.), plasma-assisted gasification offers an efficient method for applying energy to the gasification process to increase the flexibility of operatio...

This work presents a comprehensive model for lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis, addressing kinetics, energy balances, and gas product composition with the aim of its application in wood combustion. The model consists of a two-stage global mechanism i...

Wood surface modification is a comprehensive concept which, in time, turned out to be as successful as challenging when it comes to improve the resistance of wood during its life cycle in both indoor and outdoor applications. The initial approaches h...

This review discusses principal patterns that govern the processes of lignins’ catalytic oxidation into vanillin (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) and syringaldehyde (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde). It examines the influence of lignin and oxida...

Anthropogenic structures such as overhead powerlines pose potentially high collision risks to flying animals, particularly birds, leading to millions of fatalities each year. Studies of bird collisions with powerlines to date, however, have estimated...

The furniture market is being conquered by the variety of wood-based composite materials to the detriment of solid wood, which is considered expensive, but research has yet to explain definitively why these two materials receive such disparate evalua...

This study investigates the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) aqueous phase (AP) of Shorea sawdust in a semi-flow batch reactor, focusing on the reaction network and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. High-performance liquid chromatography...

In the Białowieża Forest, Norway spruce is the preferred host tree species for wood ants, both in coniferous and mixed stands; thus, spruce mortality as a consequence of a continuous spruce bark beetle outbreak in the Białowieża Forest since 2012 cou...

In the present work, an attempt is made to use non-contact charcoal in the reduction of run-off mine goethite ore at heating temperatures above 570 °C. The reduction mechanism was adopted, following Levenspiel’s relations for the shrinking core model...

Carbonization of biomass residues followed by activation has great potential to become a safe process for the production of various carbon materials for various applications. Demand for commercial use of biomass-based carbon materials is growing rapi...

Citric acid-based wood adhesive is considered a chemical-bonding wood adhesive. However, the detailed structures of the bonds between wood components and citric acid remain unknown. Here, we examine the chemical bonding structures between citric acid...

To maintain or adjust posture under the challenges of gravity and increased self-weight, or the effects of light, snow, and slope, plants have the ability to develop a special type of tissue called reaction tissue. The formation of reaction tissue is...

In sucrose/citric acid based wood adhesive, the detailed bonding mechanism has still been unknown. Here, we investigated the detailed chemical structures of this adhesive wood (Japanese cedar)-based molding by using heteronuclear single quantum coher...

Compression wood (CW) negatively affects the industrial quality of Pinus taeda by causing distortion in sawn boards and is visually characterized by a darker reddish colour. Thinning is considered a key factor influencing its formation, but the repor...

The coarse roots of Pinus ponderosa included in the cage are the ones most involved in tree stability. This study explored the variations in traits, such as volume, cross-sectional area, and radius length of cage roots, and used those data to develop...

Teak (Tectona grandis) is a deciduous tree producing a popular, expensive, fancy timber with versatile utilization. The teak population and its habitats in the natural forest have been decreasing consistently; thus, the IUCN Red List classifies it as...

Growth and increment are extremely important in sustainable forest management, and in forest inventory they are periodically measured in a permanent sampling unit. The age of a tree is often unknown, especially in natural, community, and urban forest...

Mechanical stimuli, together with the corresponding plant perception mechanisms and the finely tuned thigmomorphogenetic response, has been of scientific and practical interest since the mid-17th century. As an emerging field, there are many challeng...

Fiber hemp shives and biopolyurethane binder were used to create an engineered wood composite due to the synergistic properties of these materials. This study created engineered wood specimens using different ratios of biopolyurethane binder and hemp...

Traditional wood protection methods involving fire retardants and preservative paints have limitations, requiring periodic renewal during a building’s lifecycle and generating hazardous waste post-use. This study aims to achieve a multifaceted...

Fatty acids (FA) and their derivatives with long alkyl chain structures are good candidates for wood esterification to confer thermoplastic properties to wood. Nevertheless, they do not react easily with hydroxyl groups of wood. In this study, we inv...

Ball-milled hydroreactive powders of Mg-Al scrap with 20 wt.% additive (Wood’s alloy, KCl, and their mixture) and with no additives were manufactured. Their hydrogen yields and reaction rates in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution at 15–35 &...

Citric acid (CA) can be found naturally in fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruit. CA is widely used in many fields but its usage as a green modifying agent and binder for wood is barely addressed. Esterification is one of the most common c...

Chemical modification is an environmentally friendly option for wood preservation. It can improve the performance and dimensional stability of wood, increase its resistance to deterioration and ensure safe disposal once out of service. Wood acetylati...

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) steaming, a green and highly efficient delignification method, has been demonstrated to provide a wood skeleton with a very low content of residual lignin in the manufacturing of transparent wood. It usually requires a long r...

The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes of the chemical components in birch wood (Betula pendula Roth) caused by steaming with saturated steam at three temperatures—105 °C, 125 °C and 135 °C. In the samples of the original...

Thermal modification of wood causes chemical changes that significantly affect the physical, mechanical and biological properties of wood; thus, it is essential to investigate these changes for better utilization of products. Fourier transform infrar...

Thermal modification is an environmentally friendly process that does not utilize chemical agents to enhance the stability and durability of wood. The use of thermally modified wood results in a significantly extended lifespan compared with untreated...

The effect of basic magnesium carbonate (BMC), magnesium hydroxide (MH), and magnesium chloride hydrate (MCH) on thermal degradation of red gum wood was studied using cone calorimetry, Thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) ana...

Colloidal microspheres could be used as raw materials to construct the photonic crystal modification layers on wood surfaces, and the wood would produce gorgeous structural color effect. The diameter, monodispersity and self-assembly of colloidal mic...

Climate change, biomass utilization, and bioenergy recovery are among the biggest current global concerns. Wood is considered an environmentally benign material. Nevertheless, it must be processed for desired applications. Upon thermal treatment rang...

Eucalyptus globulus wood samples were treated with hot, compressed water (autohydrolysis) in consecutive stages under non-isothermal conditions in order to convert the hemicellulose fraction into soluble compounds through reactions catalyzed by in si...

Transparent or translucent wood has garnered significant attention in recent years. In this preliminary work, the best delignification conditions for two wood species grown in Uruguay, Pinus taeda and Eucalyptus bosistoana, were determined. It was an...

Chemical looping gasification (CLG) technology is an effective approach to converting wood waste into high-quality syngas. In the present work, the reactivity of natural hematite is enhanced by doping with nickel oxide (NiO), and the effects of vario...

Wood is complex in its chemical composition that has an important influence on its chemical behavior and mechanical strength. The complexity is reflected in the ultrastructure of the wood cell wall. In particular, the concentration of main components...