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Keywords = neutral pH dialysate

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13 pages, 232 KiB  
Review
Current Progress in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Narrative Review of Progress in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid
by Koji Hashimoto and Yuji Kamijo
Life 2025, 15(2), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020279 - 11 Feb 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2112
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy that removes solutes, electrolytes, and water via the infusion of dialysis fluid into the peritoneal cavity. However, the non-physiological composition of conventional PD fluids can cause peritoneal injury, leading to complications such as peritoneal fibrosis [...] Read more.
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy that removes solutes, electrolytes, and water via the infusion of dialysis fluid into the peritoneal cavity. However, the non-physiological composition of conventional PD fluids can cause peritoneal injury, leading to complications such as peritoneal fibrosis and encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. This review highlights recent advancements in PD fluid formulations aimed at improving biocompatibility and reducing peritoneal damage. While glucose-based solutions remain the standard because of their affordability, their glucose degradation products (GDPs) and advanced glycation end-products significantly contribute to peritoneal fibrosis. Innovations, such as neutral pH and low-GDP solutions, have been developed to counter these effects, enhancing peritoneal integrity and preserving residual renal function. Alternative osmotic agents, such as icodextrin, offer superior ultrafiltration. Advancements in buffer formulations, including bicarbonate-based and bicarbonate/lactate combinations, have further enhanced the biocompatibility of PD fluids. Despite these progressions, challenges persist. Therefore, future research should prioritize patient-specific PD solutions to optimize long-term outcomes and minimize adverse effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Progress in Peritoneal Dialysis)
14 pages, 8354 KiB  
Article
Comparative Histology and Histochemistry of the Parotid Gland and Mandibular Gland in the Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris Perissodactyla) and Aardvark (Orycteropus afer Tubulidentata)
by Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot, Karolina Barszcz, Jan Paweł Miniajluk, Oleksii Melnyk and Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk
Animals 2023, 13(10), 1684; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101684 - 18 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3203
Abstract
In terrestrial mammals, the parotid and mandibular glands secrete different types of saliva into the oral cavity. Both glands were obtained from two female lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) and one female aardvark (Orycteropus afer) from the Wroclaw Zoological Garden [...] Read more.
In terrestrial mammals, the parotid and mandibular glands secrete different types of saliva into the oral cavity. Both glands were obtained from two female lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) and one female aardvark (Orycteropus afer) from the Wroclaw Zoological Garden (Poland) and examined by light microscopy (hematoxylin and eosin, mucicarmine, periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian blue pH 1.0, Alcian blue pH 2.5, Alcian blue pH 2.5/PAS, and Hale’s dialysed iron). Both the parotid glands observed in the lowland tapir and aardvark were compound alveolar serous secretory units, and in both species, the secretion was composed of neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharides (sialo and sulfated mucins). However, in both the lowland tapir and aardvark, a histological examination found the stroma of the mandibular gland was divided into very large lobes by poorly marked connective tissue. While many interlobar and striated ducts were found in the aardvark, very few were found in the lowland tapir. The mandibular gland was a branched tubular (mucous secretion) type in the lowland tapir, but it was a branched tubuloalveolar (mucous-serous) type in the aardvark. In all tested glands, the secretion was composed of neutral mucopolysaccharides, acid-sulfated mucosubstances, and sialomucins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Physiology)
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