124 Results Found

Background: Proximal radial nerve lesions located between the brachial plexus and its division into the superficial and deep branches are rare but severe injuries. The majority of these lesions occur in association with humerus fractures, directly du...

Background: Large-scale data on cranial nerve injuries are scarce. Methods: This study enrolled 361,706 patients registered in the Japanese Trauma Data Bank from 2004 to 2018. We selected patients with cranial nerve injury using the corresponding Abb...

Peripheral nerve injury is a potentially debilitating disorder that occurs in an estimated 2–3% of all patients with major trauma, in a similar percentage of medical procedures. The workup of these injuries has traditionally been clinical, comb...

Background: Peripheral nerve lesions are associated with debilitating long-term consequences. Albeit being essential for evidence-based clinical decision making, epidemiological and etiological data are scarce. We therefore aimed to comprehensively a...

Background/Objectives: This study identifies and characterizes temporal bone fractures over a five-year period at a level one trauma center, focusing on the injury mechanism, otic capsule involvement, facial nerve involvement, fracture orientation, a...

Peripheral nerve injury after shoulder trauma is an underestimated complication. The distribution of the affected nerves has been reported to be heterogeneous in previous studies. This study aimed to describe the distribution of peripheral nerve inju...

Since their initial recognition, miRNAs have been the subject of rising scientific interest. Especially in recent years, miRNAs have been recognized to play an important role in the mediation of various diseases, and further, their potential as bioma...

Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries (PNI), present with symptoms ranging from pain to loss of motor and sensory function. Difficulties in intraoperative visual assessment of nerve functional status necessitate intraoperative nerve conduction studies...

Critically sized nerve defects cause devastating life-long disabilities and require interposition for reconstruction. Additional local application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is considered promising to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. To b...

The management of facial paralysis continues to evolve. Understanding the facial nerve anatomy and the different methods of evaluating the degree of facial nerve injury are crucial for successful management. When the facial nerve is transected, direc...

Trigeminal nerve injury is one of the causes of chronic orofacial pain. Patients suffering from this condition have a significantly reduced quality of life. The currently available management modalities are associated with limited success. This artic...

Blindness is an uncommon, yet documented complication of facial trauma. Numerous case studies, series, and retrospective analyses have been published, with a reported incidence around 3%. Hippocrates first noted the association between maxillofacial...

The medial approach is a traditional portal during elbow arthroscopy. Some researchers have suggested that the caudo-medial arthroscopic approach allows better visualization of the medial and caudal elbow compartments. Such a portal is created caudal...

Painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) is a chronic neuropathic pain that may develop following injury to the trigeminal nerve. Etiologies include cranio-orofacial trauma that may result from dental, surgical, or anesthetic procedures or phys...

Background: Surgical management of trauma in the maxillofacial complex can result in iatrogenic nerve injuries, particularly involving the infraorbital, inferior alveolar, and mental nerves. Paresthesia is a common postoperative complication, often a...

Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries tend to be more common in younger, working age populations and can lead to long-lasting disability. Peripheral nerves have an impressive capacity to regenerate; however, successful recovery after injury depends on...

Craniomaxillofacial injuries can be complex, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The primary survey is always the first step in trauma management prior to proceeding with further evaluation and treatment. A 26-year-old man presented with a penetr...

Whether because of sudden trauma or neurodegenerative diseases, nerve injuries impact millions of people worldwide, as in many cases there is no nerve recovery after damage, leaving patients with life-long repercussions [...]

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a number of impairments, often including visual symptoms. In some cases, visual impairments after head trauma are mediated by traumatic injury to the optic nerve, termed traumatic optic neuropathy (TON), which...

Background: High-impact trauma frequently leads to injuries of the orbit, but literature focusing on the viscerocranium rather than the neurocranium is underrepresented. Methods: Retrospective cohort study (2006–2014) at an urban level 1 trauma cente...

Following peripheral nerve trauma that damages a length of the nerve, recovery of function is generally limited. This is because no material tested for bridging nerve gaps promotes good axon regeneration across the gap under conditions associated wit...

Adult humeral shaft fractures are associated with primary radial nerve palsy in up to 18% of cases. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of injury mechanism, fracture type, and treatment on nerve recovery in patients with humeral sha...

Nerve injury is a common condition that occurs as a result of trauma, iatrogenic injury, or long-lasting stimulation. Unlike the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has a strong capacity for self-repair and regeneration....

Peripheral nerve injury has become an increasingly prevalent clinical concern, causing great morbidity in the community. Although there have been significant advancements in the treatment of peripheral nerve damage in recent years, the issue of long-...

Successful nerve regeneration after nerve trauma is not only important for the restoration of motor and sensory functions, but also to reduce the potential for abnormal sensory impulse generation that can occur following neuroma formation. Satisfying...

Objectives: Vitamin B complexes are frequently used in clinical practice for peripheral nerve trauma. However, there is a lack of scientific data on their effectiveness. This study aims to investigate the impact of the vitamin B complex on nerve reco...

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a bioactive peptide with diverse effects in the nervous system. In addition to its more classic role as a neuromodulator, PACAP functions as a neurotrophic factor. Several neurotrophic fac...

The peripheral nervous system controls the functions of sensation, movement and motor coordination of the body. Peripheral nerves can get damaged easily by trauma or neurodegenerative diseases. The injury can cause a devastating effect on the affecte...

Regional anesthesia has shown to be successful in controlling major pain in trauma patients. However, the possibility of masking acute compartment syndrome (ACS) after peripheral nerve blocks for limb injuries is still controversially discussed. Ther...

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries affect over 2% of trauma patients and can lead to severe functional impairment and permanent disability. Autologous nerve transplantation is still the gold standard in the reconstruction of nerve defects. For sma...

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) commonly result from trauma, compression, or iatrogenic causes, leading to functional deficits. Despite the peripheral nervous system’s regenerative capacity, current treatments yield inconsistent outcomes. Basi...

The nervous system is a significant part of the human body, and peripheral nerve injury caused by trauma can cause various functional disorders. When the broken end defect is large and cannot be repaired by direct suture, small gap sutures of nerve c...

Facial nerve palsy is most commonly idiopathic, but it can also result from infections, inflammatory and cerebrovascular disorders, tumors, and trauma. We report the case of a 68-year-old patient who developed iatrogenic facial nerve palsy subsequent...

Background: Damage to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, often caused by high-energy trauma, leads to significant functional impairment of the upper limb. This injury primarily affects the C5 and C6 roots, resulting in paralysis of muscles criti...

Background: Numerous experimental studies aim to improve outcomes of peripheral nerve repair following trauma. This study evaluates the efficacy of the human epineural patch (hEP) compared to the human amniotic membrane (hAM) in promoting nerve regen...

Facial nerve palsy directly impacts the quality of life, with patients with facial nerve palsy showing increased rates of depression and limitations in social activities. Although facial nerve palsy is not life-threatening, it can devastate the emoti...

Peripheral nerves are frequently affected by lesions caused by trauma (work accidents, car incidents, combat injuries) and following surgical procedures (for instance cancer resection), resulting in loss of motor and sensory function with lifelong im...

The radial nerve is the most frequently injured nerve in the upper extremity. Numerous options in treatment have been described for radial nerve injury, such as neurolysis, nerve grafts, or tendon transfers. Currently, new treatment options are arisi...

Peripheral nerve injury is a common posttraumatic complication. The precise surgical repair of nerve lesion does not always guarantee satisfactory motor and sensory function recovery. Therefore, enhancement of the regeneration process is a subject of...

Introduction: Ligament injuries around the knee joint and knee dislocations are rare but potentially complex injuries associated with high-energy trauma. Concomitant neurovascular injuries further affect their long-term clinical outcomes. In contrast...

(1) Background: Various factors, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, tumors, inflammation, trauma, immune disorders, and neuronal toxicity, can cause nerve damage. Chemical nerve injury, which results from exposure to toxic chemicals...

(1) Background: Peripheral nerve injuries are severe injuries with potentially devastating impairment of extremity function. Correct and early diagnosis as well as regular regeneration observation is of utmost importance for individualized reconstruc...

The jugular foramen and the hypoglossal canal are both apertures located at the base of the skull. Multiple lower cranial nerve palsies tend to occur with injuries to these structures. The pattern of injuries tend to correlate with the combination of...

Pain management in multiple trauma patients presents a complex clinical challenge due to competing priorities such as hemodynamic instability, polypharmacy, coagulopathy, and the urgency of life-saving interventions. In this context, peripheral nerve...

The temporal bones are paired structures located on the lateral aspects of the skull and contribute to the skull base. Trauma is usually the result of blunt head injury and can result in damage to the brain and meninges, the middle and internal ear,...

The pain of occipital neuralgia (ON) is thought to be secondary to trauma or injury to the occipital nerve at any point along the course of the nerve. ON may also be caused by an infectious process (herpes zoster) or compression of the nerve. The pat...

Peripheral nerve injuries affect over one million individuals annually worldwide due to various causes such as trauma, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. While autologous nerve grafting remains the gold standard for treating large-gap nerv...

The currently available therapeutic options for restoring function and sensitivity in long-term nervous injuries pose challenges. Microsurgery interventions for direct nerve repair often lead to serious complications and limited success. Non-surgical...

Introduction: Secondary complex microsurgical reconstructions after amputation and severe trauma injuries are often necessary to optimize functional outcomes. Methods and Patients: We reviewed eight patients who underwent extensive reconstruction aft...

Study Design: Prospective pre-post study. Objective: Maxillofacial trauma presenting to the emergency department (ED) are often accompanied with complex concomitant injuries, thereby making thorough diagnosis and treatment plan quite an exacting task...