572 Results Found

Let $K_v^{(3)}=(V,E)$ be the complete 3-uniform hypergraph, where the vertex set is $V=\{x_1,x_2,\cdots ,x_v\}$, in which the edge set $E$ is of all triples. Let $ST$ denote the special tetrahedron with four edges, where each edge contains three vertices of degree 2....

The granulometric distribution of the aggregates used in pervious concrete can significantly impact its mechanical and hydraulic properties by modifying granular skeleton and pore distribution. The unit weight increases when single-sized aggregates a...

Gravel packing in deep-water horizontal wells is an effective and practical sand control method, which is a key technical method to ensure efficient exploitation of deep-water oil and gas. To ensure the successful implementation of gravel packing in...

Colloidal behavior of kaolinite particles in water was investigated in this manuscript, without and with the addition of a polymer flocculant (non-anionic polyacrylamide (PAM)), using diverse imaging techniques in addition to LUMisizer. The addition...

To give full play to battery capability, the state of power (SoP) should be predicted in real time to inform the vehicle control unit (VCU) whether the upcoming driving scenarios of acceleration overtaking, ramp climbing, constant cruising and feedba...

Fiber-reinforced cemented paste backfill (FR-CPB) has attracted considerable attention in modern mining applications due to its superior mechanical properties and adaptability. Despite its potential, understanding its rheological behavior remains lim...

Green manufacturing has become a new production mode for the development and operation of modern and future manufacturing industries. The flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP), as one of the key core problems in the field of green manufacturing...

The aggregate in an asphalt mixture is coated with mastic consisting of bitumen (dilute phase) and filler (particulates phase). The interaction of bitumen and filler and packing of filler plays an important role in the properties of mastics. The micr...

In this paper, we evaluate the uniqueness of a hypothetical iris recognition system that relies upon a nonlinear mapping of iris data into a space of Gaussian codewords with independent components. Given the new data representation, we develop and ap...

Background: Some medical and technological tasks lead to the geometrical problem of how to cover the unit circle as much as possible by n congruent circles of given radius r, while r varies from the radius in the maximum packing to the radius in the...

The drying process of bitumen emulsion largely dominates the strength development of emulsion-based mixtures for pavement structure, thus it can be used to judge the quality of bitumen emulsion. However, the drying behaviour of bitumen emulsions was...

In this study, an online cell screening algorithm is proposed to estimate the maximum peak current considering the cell inconsistencies in battery packs for electric vehicles. Based on the equivalent circuit model, the maximum peak current is mathema...

Concrete has a large environmental impact due to CO₂ emissions related to cement manufacturing and the consumption of natural aggregates. More sustainable concretes can be developed, replacing part of the cement with mineral admixtures or natural agg...

Standalone microgrids with photovoltaic (PV) solutions could be a promising solution for powering up off-grid communities. However, this type of application requires the use of energy storage systems (ESS) to manage the intermittency of PV production...

In this study, a three dimensional (3D) modeling has been built for a lithium ion battery pack using the field synergy principle to obtain a better thermal distribution. In the model, the thermal behavior of the battery pack was studied by reducing t...

In this paper, techniques to improve cooling and temperature uniformity in a simple battery pack are examined. Four battery pack configurations are developed. In the first configuration, an inlet plenum is added to a simple battery pack. In the secon...

In this study, three-dimensional thermal simulations for a 54 V Lithium-ion battery pack composed of 18 LiFePO₄ pouch battery cells connected in series were conducted using a multi-scale electrochemical-thermal-fluid model. An equivalent circuit mode...

Powder packing in metal powders is an important aspect of additive manufacturing (otherwise known as 3-D printing), as it directly impacts the physical and mechanical properties of materials. Improving the packing density of powder directly impacts t...

Fluidized bed applications where the bed material plays an active role in chemical reactions, e.g. chemical looping combustion, have seen an increase in interest over the past decade. When these processes are to be scaled up to industrial or utility...

Temperature management for battery packs installed in electric vehicles is crucial to ensure that the battery works properly. For lithium-ion battery cells, the optimal operating temperature is in the range of 25 to 40 °C with a maximum temperatu...

With the growing adoption of lithium-ion batteries, the risk of battery thermal runaway is increasing, so effective temperature regulation for battery systems is essential. The air cooling system for battery thermal management offers advantages such...

In electric vehicles, the battery pack is one of the most important components that strongly influence the system performance. The battery thermal management system (BTMS) is critical to remove the heat generated by the battery pack, which guarantees...

A novel, active cell balancing circuit and charging strategy in lithium battery pack is proposed in this paper. The active cell balancing circuit mainly consists of a battery voltage measurement circuit and switch control circuit. First, all individu...

Binary soil mixture, containing large silica particles (sand) mixed with variable content of very fine silt or clay, is an example of a functionally graded material that is important for several science and engineering applications. Predicting the po...

Designing battery packs is a trade-off between power capability and capacity. Often, high power is only desired for short periods; otherwise, high capacities are preferred. To meet these requirements, hybrid packs comprising high-power and high-energ...

The purpose of a circle packing procedure is to fill up a predefined, geometrical, closed contour with a maximum finite number of circles. The subject has received considerable attention in pure and applied sciences and has proved to be highly effect...

In the fast-growing but also highly competitive market of battery-powered power tools, cell-pack-cooling systems are of high importance, as they guarantee safety and short charging times. A simulation model of an 18 V power tool battery pack was deve...

With the continuous development and innovation of thermal management technology for lithium-ion batteries, the advantages of direct immersion liquid cooling technology have become increasingly prominent. However, at present, there is relatively littl...

This paper reviews particle packing models and explores their application in geotechnical engineering, specifically for sand-silt mixtures. The review covers key models, including limiting case, linear, and non-linear packing models, focusing on thei...

In the additive manufacturing of metal materials, powder bed fusion 3D laser printing is the most widely used processing method. The density of the packed bed is another important parameter that can affect the part quality; however, it is the least u...

The filling of channels in porous media with particles of a material can be interpreted in a first approximation as a packing of spheres in cylindrical recipients. Numerous studies on micro- and nanoscopic scales show that they are, as a rule, not id...

Electric vehicles (EVs) are incorporated with higher energy density batteries to improve the driving range and performance. The lithium-ion batteries with higher energy density generate a larger amount of heat which deteriorates their efficiency and...

In this work, we present and characterise an experimental setup that allows the generation of porous packings from nanosuspensions. By defined positioning and drying of solid-containing droplets, large-scale porous structures can be generated. Exampl...

This study addresses the issue of heat dissipation in 18,650 cylindrical lithium-ion battery packs and proposes a novel heat dissipation model that combines paraffin wax-expanded graphite composite phase change material (CPCM) with liquid cooling. In...

An alarming, asymmetric flame in rocket combustion originates from a composite solid propellant (CSP) containing defects. The defects are the result of a composition that exceeds the maximum particle packing density. Based on the structure analysis o...

Commercial electric vehicles nowadays are powered by a battery system containing one kind of lithium-ion battery cell. Due to the fixed ratio of the cells’ maximum power to nominal energy, the possibilities for designing power and energy of the batte...

Lithium-ion battery energy storage systems are made from sets of battery packs that are connected in series and parallel combinations depending on the application’s needs for power. To achieve optimal control, advanced battery management system...

This paper presents the simulations of the cooling system of a battery pack (BTPC) consisting of lithium-ion (LIN) plate batteries. The BTPC includes six battery cells (BTCL) in two rows with three BTCLs, which are placed in a channel with one inlet...

The design and performance optimization of fully electric trucks constitute an integral goal of the transport sector to meet climate emergency measures and local air quality requirements. Most studies in the literature have determined the optimum pac...

Lithium ion batteries (LiBs) are considered one of the most suitable power options for electric vehicle (EV) drivetrains, known for having low self-discharging properties which hence provide a long life-cycle operation. To obtain maximum power output...

The temperature difference between batteries has effects on the performance of the battery packs of electric vehicles (EVs). Therefore, it is necessary to design a battery cooling management system. In order to reduce the maximum temperature differen...

During the calcination of petroleum coke in a vertical shaft calciner, the particle packing structure exerts a decisive influence on the bed resistance characteristics and further significantly affects the devolatilization efficiency. This study empl...

This study describes the decomposition of CO₂ using Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma technology combined with the packing materials. A self-cooling coaxial cylinder DBD reactor that packed ZrO₂ pellets or glass beads with a grain size of 1&n...

The set packing problem is a core NP-complete combinatorial optimization problem which aims to find the maximum collection of disjoint sets from a given collection of sets, S, over a ground set, U. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been widely used...

Energy storage stations (ESSs) need to be charged and discharged frequently, causing the battery thermal management system (BTMS) to face a great challenge as batteries generate a large amount of heat with a high discharge rate. Supercritical carbon...

The increase in the average global temperature is a consequence of high greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, using alternative energy carriers that can replace fossil fuels, especially for automotive applications, is of high importance. Introducing m...

Let $V_n\left(d\right)$ denote the least number, such that every collection of n d-cubes with total volume 1 in d-dimensional (Euclidean) space can be packed parallelly into some d-box of volume $V_n\left(d\right)$. We show that $V_3\left(d\right)=\frac{r^{1-d}}{d}$ if $d\ge 11$ and $V_3\left(d\right)=\frac{\frac{1}{r}+1}{r^{}}$...

As the issue of energy scarcity becomes increasingly critical, the adoption of electric construction machinery emerges as a pivotal strategy to address the energy crisis. During the travel and operation of electric construction machinery, the machine...

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) partial reduction to carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen has been conducted in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBD) operating a packed bed configuration and the results are compared with that of no packing condition. The effe...

To improve the operating performance of the large-capacity battery pack of electric vehicles during continuous charging and discharging and to avoid its thermal runaway, in this paper we propose a new hybrid thermal management system that couples the...