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Keywords = luminance contrast illusion

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15 pages, 2465 KiB  
Article
Luminance Contrast Perception in Killer Whales (Orcinus orca)
by Ayumu Santa, Koji Kanda, Yohei Fukumoto, Yuki Oshima, Tomoya Kako, Momoko Miyajima and Ikuma Adachi
Animals 2025, 15(6), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15060793 - 11 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1121
Abstract
Cetaceans are highly adapted to the underwater environment, which is very different from the terrestrial environment. For cetaceans with neither high visual acuity nor color vision, contrast may be an important cue for visual object recognition, even in the underwater environment. Contrast is [...] Read more.
Cetaceans are highly adapted to the underwater environment, which is very different from the terrestrial environment. For cetaceans with neither high visual acuity nor color vision, contrast may be an important cue for visual object recognition, even in the underwater environment. Contrast is defined as the difference in luminance between an object and its background and is known to be perceived as enhanced by the luminance contrast illusion in humans. The aim of this study was to experimentally investigate whether the enhancement of contrast by the luminance contrast illusion could be observed in killer whales. Luminance discrimination tasks were performed on two captive killer whales, which were required to compare the luminance of two targets presented in monitors through an underwater window and to choose the brighter one. After baseline training, in which the target areas were surrounded by black or white inducer areas, the test condition of gray inducer areas was added. Although there were some individual differences, both individuals showed higher correct response rates for gray inducer conditions than for black and white. The results suggest that contrast was perceived as enhanced by the illusion also in killer whales and may help them to extract the contours of objects. Full article
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12 pages, 348 KiB  
Article
Effects of Color and Luminance Contrast on Size Perception—Evidence from a Horizontal Parallel Lines Illusion
by Xiaodan Zhang, Jiehui Qian, Qiaowei Liang and Zhengkang Huang
Vision 2018, 2(3), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision2030028 - 13 Jul 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5827
Abstract
The present study investigated a size illusion composed of two horizontal lines that were vertically separated and parallel to each other. When the two lines were of equal length, the upper line was consistently perceived to be a little longer than the lower [...] Read more.
The present study investigated a size illusion composed of two horizontal lines that were vertically separated and parallel to each other. When the two lines were of equal length, the upper line was consistently perceived to be a little longer than the lower line, therefore it was termed as horizontal parallel lines (HPL) illusion. We investigated the effect of color and luminance contrast on the HPL illusion by manipulating the color and luminance of the two lines. Results indicated the following: (1) differences in color between the two lines reduced the illusion; (2) differences in luminance between the two lines reduced the illusion; (3) Effect 1 was greater than Effect 2; (4) the illusory effect could not be affected as long as both of the lines were of the same color or luminance. The results suggest that the color or luminance contrast may contribute to the overall decrease in the illusory effect for lines with different colors/luminances, but generally the illusion decreases as the two lines are less similar to each other. These findings indicate that the similarity or ‘sameness’ effect dominates the effect of color/luminance contrast on the size illusion over the effect resulted from contrast difference or depth perception. Full article
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