Search Results (217)

This study employs system theory and dynamic modeling to investigate how rural homestead rights confirmation influences multidimensional urban–rural integration. Through constructing a system dynamics model incorporating environmental, economic, and social sustainability indicators, an analysis of the structural relationships between land tenure security, resource mobility, and balanced regional development is conducted. The findings reveal that formalized property rights act as a systemic intervention triggering three synergistic effects: (1) enhanced rural resource utilization efficiency, (2) accelerated elements market integration, and (3) improved social equity in development opportunities. Scenario simulations project that, under current policy trajectories, urban–rural integration could achieve intermediate coordination by 2035 through sustainable land management practices. A comparative scenario analysis demonstrates that urban-priority models exacerbate spatial inequality, while rural-optimized and coordinated development pathways accelerate convergence toward comprehensive integration through ecological–economic–social multi-dimensional synergy. This research contributes to sustainability science by quantifying the systemic linkages between institutional innovation and spatial justice, providing evidence-based insights for developing countries pursuing integrated rural revitalization and sustainable urbanization strategies. The methodological framework offers replicable tools for assessing institutional reforms’ long-term impacts on territorial sustainability. Full article

The adoption of agricultural technologies is paramount for enhancing global agricultural productivity and sustainability. However, widespread implementation faces significant challenges, particularly in developing regions. Using data from the China Land Economic Survey (CLES), this study examines how land certification reform affects farmers’ technology adoption behavior from an institutional perspective. Results demonstrate that land certification significantly increases agricultural technology adoption rates, with more pronounced effects observed among households possessing greater human and physical capital. A mechanistic analysis reveals that land certification facilitates technology adoption through three pathways: (1) improving credit accessibility, (2) strengthening long-term investment incentives, and (3) expanding the production and operational scale. These findings highlight land tenure security as a fundamental institutional driver of agricultural modernization, deepen the understanding of the interaction between institutions and innovation in agriculture, and offer actionable insights for integrating property rights reforms with technological advancements. Full article

3D (three-dimensional) property volume is an important data carrier for 3D land administration by using 3D cadastral technology, which can be used to express the legal space (property rights) scope matching with physical entities such as buildings and land. A 3D property volume is represented by a dense set of 3D coordinate points arranged in a predefined order and is displayed alongside the parcel map for reference and utilization by readers. To store a 3D property volume in the database, it is essential to record the connectivity relationships among the original 3D coordinate points, the associations between points and lines for representing boundary lines, and the relationships between lines for defining surfaces. Only by preserving the data structure that represents the relationships among points, lines, and surfaces can the 3D property volume in a parcel map be fully reconstructed. This approach inevitably results in the database storage volume significantly exceeding the original size of the point set, thereby causing storage redundancy. Consequently, this paper introduces a reversible 3D property volume compression coding method (called 3DPV-CC) to address this issue. By analyzing the distribution characteristics of the coordinate points of the 3D property volume, a specific rule for sorting the coordinate points is designed, enabling the database to have the ability of data storage and recovery by merely storing a reordered point set. The experimental results show that the 3DPV-CC method has excellent support capabilities for 3D property volumes of the vertical and slopped types, and can compress and restore the coordinate point set of the 3D property volume for drawing 3D parcel maps. The compression capacity of our method in the test is between 23.66% and 38.42%, higher than the general data compression methods (ZIP/7Z/RAR: 8.37–10.32%). By means of this method, land or real estate administrators from government departments can store 3D property volume data at a lower cost. This is conducive to enhancing the informatization level of land management. Full article

Carbon emissions from land use account for a significant portion of anthropogenic carbon emissions. As an important policy instrument for regulating land use, spatial planning can shape future land patterns, thereby influencing human activities and associated carbon emissions. This review presents a scientometric analysis of important articles between 2000 and 2024 on the impacts of land use and spatial planning on carbon emissions, and it summarizes the key research topics, methods, and main consensus. Scientometric and qualitative analysis methods were used. The results showed the following: (1) The number of articles published reveals an increasing trend, especially after 2009, with China, the USA, and England paying more attention to it. (2) Studies mainly focus on four key research topics: the impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC) on carbon stocks, the relationship between land use structure/spatial form and carbon emissions, and the paths and schemes for low-carbon spatial planning. (3) Studies usually use upscale, homoscale, and downscale routes to correlate carbon emissions to land and then use comparative analysis, regression analysis, spatial analysis, and scenario simulation methods to conduct further analyses. (4) Studies have yielded some consensus: human land use can influence carbon emissions through LULCC, land use structure and spatial form, and spatial planning can reduce carbon emissions. In conclusion, this paper proposes that future research could be deepened in the following aspects: introducing land property rights and spatial planning management systems as research preconditions; exploring the sensitivity of carbon emissions from human activities to land space; strengthening research on low-carbon planning at medium- and long-term time scales and micro- and meso-spatial scales. Full article

Over the past decade, the Chongqing land ticket model has played a pivotal role in the market-oriented reform of rural land factors and serves as a representative practice of the TDR program in China. This paper constructs a systematic evaluation framework from two perspectives—policy effectiveness and citizen feedback—to comprehensively understand the policy effect of this model. The study employs methods of policy texts bibliometrics and content analysis based on big data. The results indicate that the effectiveness of land ticket policies exhibit significant fluctuations, with peaks aligning with milestones in the model’s development. Policy measures are well-aligned with the goals set forth. However, policymakers in Chongqing have historically focused more on institutional construction within the land ticket model, only recently shifting attention to the protection of farmers’ rights and interests. This imbalance may have led to potential risks regarding the loss of farmers’ property rights. The analysis of citizen feedback from the online space further took into account the impact of policy content on its audience (farmers), revealing that shortening the compensation payment time rather than increasing the compensation amount is the most common and critical demand among farmers. This underscores the urgent need for a policy-related response from the government to meet farmer’s demands for “procedural justice”. Our conclusions address a gap in the existing literature by integrating policy text analysis with public opinion, thereby offering referential insights into understanding the evolutionary process, policy features, and implementation effects of TDR program in China. Full article

There are considerable debates about the impact of rural residential land consolidation (RRLC) on villagers. Rather than engaging in the ongoing debates of either/or choices again, this article intends to analyze the mechanisms by which RRLC benefits villagers in a specific time and location. Using L town as an example, this article demonstrates that the mechanisms by which RRLC works are dependent on the adaptive property rights functions of rural residential land (RRL), which emerged from the spontaneous and endogenous interactions among actors. Functional adjustment and substitution reconfigure the property rights functions to balance the interests of various actors. The supportive partnerships between actors make the reconfiguration process implementable, as well as ensuring that the pre-existing property rights functions and the desired functions of the various actors can be considered. The findings may provide a new perspective on evaluating RRLC and the reform of property rights, as well as valuable insights on improving the performance of government interventions. Full article

After the fall of communism, Romania embarked on a comprehensive land restitution process through Law No. 18/1991, aiming to re-establish private ownership rights, particularly for agricultural and forestry lands. Divergent historical legacies across regions have resulted in heterogeneous land administration systems, contributing to inconsistencies, overlapping claims, and prolonged legal disputes. To address these challenges, the Romanian government introduced the National Cadastre and Land Registration Program, which promotes systematic property registration across the country. Keeping in mind the fact that there is no integrated study that analyses national challenges from multiple dimensions such as history, law, institutions, technology, and socioeconomics and proposes systematic optimization strategies, this article provides a critical analysis of the legal and institutional framework governing land restitution and cadastral reform, highlighting the influence of historical administrative structures and the adoption of modern geospatial technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). By adopting a qualitative and document-based research approach, focusing on the analysis of legislative frameworks, institutional procedures, and technical instruments used in systematic land registration in Romania, this study emphasizes the benefits of systematic registration, including increased legal certainty, investment stimulation, improved access to credit, and better planning and taxation. Despite progress, implementation remains uneven, hindered by documentation gaps, institutional capacity limitations, and administrative obstacles. Recent legislative adjustments and the integration of advanced geospatial tools aim to improve data quality and accelerate the registration process. Ultimately, the integration of legal, institutional, and geospatial components is essential for achieving transparent and accountable land governance, efficient resource management, and sustainable rural development in Romania. Full article

The Hellenic Cadastre, which is expected to be fully operational by the end of 2025, represents a major modernization step in Greece’s technical and legal documentation of property rights as the successor to the country’s land registry system. It will also constitute a land administration system, since it will encompass not only property rights but also restrictions and regulations in the context of RRR. A significant technical but also legal challenge inherent to this system pertains to the resolution of deviations between surfaces calculated prior to 1990 based on older geodetic reference systems and recalculated today using the current Greek Geodetic Reference System, GGRS87. Deviations that arise from geodetic transformations between older and modern projected reference systems are compounded by limitations inherent in historical surveying techniques and in the geodetic infrastructure that was available at the time. To address this issue, we introduce the Local Area Distortion Factor (LADF), a novel metric factor designed to adjust and harmonize property areas across different geodetic systems. This real-world case study offers a practical illustration of the application of LADF, demonstrating its capacity to enhance the precision of cadastral records while preserving interpretability for both experts and non-experts. LADF can also be used to improve land adjustment processes during the implementation of urban plans, property valuation, taxation, and notary acts that are in different reference systems. Full article

This study examines the conversion strategy of 2D to 3D cadastral maps by standardizing the height limits of land rights based on LU/LC. To achieve 3D cadastral maps, the research proposes a conversion strategy considering height factors. The height dimension of cadastral maps faces challenges in determining maximum heights for features like buildings, given varying regional regulations. As a solution, the concept of surface feature height (SFH) is applied along with LU/LC classification. Economic considerations, such as state revenue from taxes, are also factored into the proposed height limits. The results indicate that building/property heights in Bekasi Regency show significant development potential. In the residential sector, the maximum height reaches 24 m, lower than Bekasi City (48 m) and Bandung City (30 m). In the industrial sector, while heights can reach 25 m, the regulatory limit is only 9 m, posing challenges for investment. In the commercial sector, the maximum height can reach 45 m, but the low regulatory limit of 10 m restricts further development. This research provides a foundation for policy development and an effective 3D cadastral system, emphasizing the need for Bekasi Regency to re-evaluate its building height regulations to maximize its development potential. Full article

The issue of legal easements is a relatively rarely discussed topic among the professional public, and yet, even today, legal easements create space for the development of smart cities. Legal easements are restrictions on property rights that arise directly from the law, which means that the possible disagreement of the owner of the property concerned is irrelevant. The aim of this scientific study is to provide, based on a study of legislation, case law, and professional and scientific articles, sufficient information on this legal institution, which has its basis in the Civil Code. The scientific study also examines in detail the issue of legal easements and their role in the context of sustainable land use and infrastructure development in smart cities. In the study, we test the stated hypothesis that “Legal easements, as a legal instrument, effectively promote sustainable land use and infrastructure development in smart cities by enabling the integration of renewable energy, eco-mobility and green infrastructure without negatively impacting property rights, thus contributing to reducing conflicts between private property and public interest”. We use a number of scientific methods of research to analyse the current legal situation and the possibilities for the application of legal easements in the context of smart cities, including legal analysis, the comparative method, the method of synthesis, deduction, and historical interpretation. In particular, the methods in question were used to examine, historically describe and compare the current legislation on easements and their use in the management of urban space and infrastructure. The main results of the research include a detailed overview of the current legal status of easements and their limitations, which affect the possibilities of their application in the conditions of smart cities. The results suggest that if easements are effectively implemented they can make a significant contribution to optimising space, regulating access to public services, and protecting natural resources. This tool has the potential to enhance the quality of life in cities and promote sustainable urbanism through adaptive planning and management of urban space. Full article

Based on China’s structural transformation and the resulting rural social institutional changes, this paper clarifies how land certification affects non-agricultural employment, introducing trust culture as an informal institution and constructing a theoretical framework for their interactive effect on non-agricultural employment. Using data from the China Rural Household Panel Survey, the empirical research finds that land certification increases the likelihood of rural labor engaging in non-agricultural employment by reducing the risks of land loss, promoting land transfers, and facilitating credit financing. The interaction between land certification and social trust shows that increased social trust weakens the positive impact of land certification on non-agricultural employment. Full article

The preservation and management of riparian zones in nature protection areas are challenging due to the simultaneous demands of nature protection regulations, active nature tourism burdens, and local community needs. The local community’s willingness to participate in riparian zone management is an essential contribution to establishing successful long-term riparian zone management. This study aimed to gain insight into the perceptions of the local community, particularly landowners, on the management perspectives of riparian zones in nature protection areas. We used a questionnaire survey to gather data from three distinct localities within the North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve (NVBR). In total, 734 respondents were interviewed, of which 40% were landowners who owned land in riparian zones. Landowners did not differ significantly from those without property rights in their willingness to undertake voluntary work to improve the quality of riparian zones. Landowners more often use riparian zones for cultural and recreational activities. Overall, the landowners had similar perceptions of riparian zone management to respondents without property rights in the NVBR. Full article

To promote the role of land property rights operation (LPRO) in urbanization and socioeconomic development, an optimization mechanism framework for LPRO is constructed to analyze how different variables related to the transfer, utilization, and supervision links within the LPRO system impact its macro effects. LPRO’s macro effects are promoted by the land price, advanced utilization level, land marketization level, public management land scale, residential land scale, and regulation of the upper and lower limits on the floor area ratio (FAR), with contributions of 38.18%, 22.62%, 4.78%, 3.11%, 2.43%, and 2.11%, respectively, whereas the low-quality land scale, commercial land proportion, change rate of the transfer scale, distance to the city center, and regulation of the upper limit on the FAR contribute negatively, by 6.63%, 3.14%, 2.82%, 2.65%, and 2.16%, respectively. Moreover, the role of the LPRO structure changes over time. The land marketization level has a single-threshold and increasingly positive contribution, the land price exhibits “U”-shaped double-threshold effects transforming from negative roles to positive roles, and the advanced utilization level shows double-threshold decreasing promotion effects. LPRO’s macro effects in central and western China operate similarly but differ from those in eastern China, highlighting the implementation of regionally differentiated guidance mechanisms. The results highlight the new code of “value-driven development” when the “land-driven development” model is weakening. Full article

Land use change is associated with both higher fossil fuel usage and global cement production, significantly impacting environmental sustainability. Cement dust emission is the third-largest source of anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, right behind fossil fuel usage due to intense agricultural practices like aggressive tillage management. This study’s aim is to determine cement dust emissions impacts on various tillage management methods and the formation of cement dust-affected CO₂ emissions, soil pH, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available phosphorus, CaCO₃ content, bacteria and fungi populations, and enzyme activities. The target of this study is to evaluate how cement dust emissions impact the soil properties and sustainability of different tillage practices. Composite soils from wheat–sugar beet (potato)–fallow cropping sequences under conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) management were collected (0–30 cm depth) with three replications at varying distances from a cement factory (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 km). To find differences among individual treatments and distances, a two-way ANOVA was employed along with Duncan’s LSD test comparing the various effects of tillage techniques. The associations between soil chemical and biological properties and CO₂ fluxes under the impact of cement dust were examined using Pearson’s correlation analysis. There were notable relationships between soil microbial population, enzyme activities, pH, CaCO₃, and CO₂ fluxes. The sampling distance from the cement plant had a substantial correlation with soil organic carbon, urease activity, pH, CaCO₃, and bacterial populations. According to the study, different tillage methods (CT and NT) affected the diversity and abundance of microorganisms within the soil ecosystem. CT was more beneficial for the microbial population and for sustainable management. Full article

Based on the historical background of the changes made to the grassland property rights system, the first part of this study restores the changes in property rights systems in six major autonomous counties of grassland animal husbandry production in Qinghai region, while the second part qualitatively analyzes the changes in grassland animal husbandry operations and herdsmen’s life under the changes in property rights. The results show that, with the reform of the property rights system, the range of livestock grazing has changed from large-scale nomadic grazing to regional rotational grazing. The herds are mainly yaks and Tibetan sheep, accounting for more than 90%, with the proportion of Tibetan sheep being higher than that of yaks. The numbers of total livestock and those on the market first rose and then declined, showing a dynamic balance in recent 10 years, while the number of breeding female animals has increased year by year. Artificial grass planting has gradually become popularized in pastoral areas. The time span of livestock supplementary feeding has increased and is more scientific, and the output value of animal husbandry has increased year by year, showing a strong peak associated with intensification. The proportion of the population engaged in animal husbandry has decreased gradually with increasing population in the region. The income sources of herdsmen have become more and more diversified and are increasing year by year, and the Engel coefficient presents a downward trend. The human environment in pastoral areas has improved. Based on the above analysis, suggestions for the sustainable and high-quality production of animal husbandry under the current grassland property rights system are put forward, as well as for the construction of green organic agricultural and livestock product export land in Qinghai Province. Full article