(1) Background: In sprinkler irrigation systems, the water distribution and droplet kinetic energy are affected by the shape of the nozzle. In this paper, the effects of working pressure and aspect ratio (L/D) of circular and non-circular nozzles (di...
A supercritical suspended abrasive water jet with dual inputs of pressure and heat is proposed to improve the cutting performance of the conventional suspended abrasive water jet in deep-sea environments. The paper studies the flow and kinetic charac...
To explore the application of industrial lignin, a waste biomass resource, in the field of metallurgy, the kinetic behavior of iron ore powder reduction by Shenmu bituminous coal, Lu’an anthracite, and industrial lignin under different carbon&n...
This study evaluates the effects of the varying substrate to inoculum ratios (S:I) of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (volatile solids/VS basis) on the kinetics of biogas production during batch mesophilic (35 ± 1 °C) anaerobic digestion (AD) of...
This study highlighted the influence of molasses residue (MR) on the anaerobic treatment of cow manure (CM) at various organic loading and mixing ratios of these two substrates. Further investigation was conducted on a model-fitting comparison betwee...
The vertical eddy viscosity coefficient (VEVC) is an important parameter used in ocean dynamics studies to describe the intensity of mixing in the vertical direction and the process of momentum transport. In this paper, an adjoint assimilation method...
Deterministic–stochastic empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is used to obtain low-frequency (non-diffusive; i.e., background velocity) and high-frequency (diffusive; i.e., eddies) components from a Lagrangian drifter‘s trajectory. Eddy ch...
There exists a correlation in the flow movement between the front and back bends of a continuous bend, and the change in the transition section configuration influences this correlation. In this paper, laboratory experiments were conducted to systema...
In a laboratory, a model of a mid-channel bar is built to study the turbulent flow structures in its vicinity. The present study on the turbulent flow structure around a mid-channel bar is based on unravelling the fluvial fluxes triggered by the bar&...
Researchers have recognized that the successive growth of mid-channel bar deposits can be entertained as the raison d’être for the initiation of the braiding process, which is closely interlinked with the growth, decay, and vertical distr...
The quest for clean, efficient engine technologies is imperative in reducing transportation’s environmental impact. Hydrogen, as a zero-emission fuel, offers significant potential for internal combustion engines but faces challenges such as opt...
The energy supply effect caused by the stiffness difference between roofs and sidewalls is an important factor that induces strain coal bursts. In order to quantitatively reveal the energy supply mechanism of strain coal bursts, this paper first esta...
The diurnal hourly dynamics of the kinetic energy flux density vector, called the Umov vector, and the mean and turbulent components of the kinetic energy are estimated from minisodar measurements of wind vector components and their variances in the...
Mathematical modeling is a key tool for describing and predicting the dynamic behavior of anaerobic digestion. Studies combining the co-digestion of aquaponics effluent (AE) and cattle manure (CM) with kinetic modeling remain scarce, particularly reg...
Log-Conformation Representation (LCR) method effectively enhances the stability of viscoelastic fluid flow driven by a cavity at high Wi numbers. However, its stability is relatively poor under low viscosity ratio conditions. In this study, three mom...
A method of biodiesel production from the freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris based on the conversion of the dewatered algal biomass from a foam column (“foamate”) was investigated. The foam column collected and concentrated the micr...
During the steel continuous casting, the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) plays a crucial role in the fluid characteristic of fluid steel, which further affects the slab quality. In this paper, a nozzle model is developed to study the influences of nozzl...
Biomass is one of the most widespread and accessible energy source and steam gasification is one of the most important processes to convert biomass into combustible gases. However, to date the difference of results between the main models used to pre...
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact resistance of aluminum foam composites containing fillers and coatings and to investigate the effect of different thickness ratios of the composites on this capability. We prepared composites...
In this study, we investigated the kinetics of arsenic removal from waste acid by the combination of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and CuSO4. ZVI samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy before and after arsenic remov...
With economic development, the output of municipal sludge (MS) continues to increase, and the effective utilization of corn straw (CS) also plays an important role in promoting “carbon neutrality”. The mixed combustion of solid wastes is a very envir...
Through conducting a comparative experimental study of small-aspect-ratio isolated structure models on multi-layered soft soil foundations and rigid foundations, this paper investigates the influence of soil–structure interaction (SSI) effects...
Direct methanation in an integrated CO2 capture and utilization system has recently gained considerable attention as a promising approach owing to its simplified process and lower requirement of total thermal energy as compared to conventional CO2 ca...
Acid-leached gangue residue is produced after the gangue extraction of metal ions; the main component is silicon, which can be used to extract silica. To ascertain the kinetics and mechanism of silica extraction from acid-leached coal gangue residue,...
Human locomotion involves the modulation of whole-body mechanical energy, which can be approximated by the motion dynamics at the body’s center of mass (BCOM). This study introduces a new method to measure gait efficiency based on BCOM oscillat...
The destabilizing damage of rock structures in coal beds engineering is greatly influenced by the bearing rupture features and energy evolution laws of rock–coal assemblages with varying height ratios. In this study, we used PFC3D to create roc...
Previous studies have successfully assessed the extent to which a kinetic model accurately represents a specific reaction mechanism by comparing the kinetic parameters derived from the kinetic model to those obtained using isoconversional methods. Ho...
In order to clarify the influence of feed rate on a hydrocyclone flow field, numerical simulation was employed to model the influence of feed rate on the pressure field, velocity field, air column, turbulent kinetic energy, and split ratio. The resul...
Chlorine is generated during iron ore sintering, mostly in the form of alkali chlorides and primarily accumulates in sintering dust, which must be removed before reusing. In this study, an in-situ monitor leaching system based was designed to detect...
In this paper, we revisit a turbulent mixing of gas and air in a gas burner with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The quality of such a turbulent mixture is based on temperature, pressure, and velocity distributions as well as the distribut...
The behavior of a vertical plunging jet was numerically investigated using the coupled Level Set and Volume of Fluid method. The computational results were in good agreement with the experimental results reported in the related literature. Vertical p...
Feedback from both supermassive black holes and massive stars plays a fundamental role in the evolution of galaxies and the inter-galactic medium. In this paper, we use available data to estimate the total amount of kinetic energy and momentum create...
Electrostatic energy harvesters convert kinetic energy into electrical energy via variable capacitors. Efforts to improve their power output are hampered by a lack of understanding of the fundamental limit for energy conversion efficiency. In heat en...
The aim of this study was to reveal an interactive curve-linear relationship between altered carbohydrate macromolecular structure traits of hulless barley cultivars and nutrient utilization, biodegradation, as well as bioavailability. The cultivars...
This study proposes a new hybrid wave energy converter composed of a horizontal cylinder and a swing plate to improve the capture width ratio. The horizontal cylinder generates electrical energy by using the potential energy of the incident wave, whe...
The pairs of Cu2O/CuO and CoO/Co3O4 as the carriers of transferring oxygen and storing heat are essential for the recently emerged high-temperature thermochemical energy storage (TCES) system. Reported research results of Cu2O and CoO oxidation kinet...
Vertical slot fishways are a crucial measure to mitigate the blockage of fish migration caused by hydraulic engineering infrastructures, but their passage efficiency is often hindered by the complex interactions between fish behavior and hydrodynamic...
Future energy and environmental issues are the major driving force towards increased global utilization of biomass, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Lignocellulosic residues are abundant in Pakistan. The present study investigated th...
The flywheel is a widespread mechanical component used for the storage of kinetic energy and angular momentum. It typically consists of cylindrical inertia rotating about its axis on rolling bearings, which involves undesired friction, lubrication, a...
The effects of F− concentration, leaching temperature, and time on the Ti leaching from Ti-bearing electric furnace slag (TEFS) by [NH4+]-[F−] solution leaching process was investigated to reveal the leaching mechanism and kinetics of titanium. The r...
This study investigated the combustion performance of pig manure, straw, and coal at various blending ratios using thermogravimetric analysis. The synergistic effect of coal and pig manure at various ratios was analyzed, and kinetic analysis was perf...
A clean energy revolution is occurring across the world. As iron and steelmaking have a tremendous impact on the amount of CO2 emissions, there is an increasing attraction towards improving the green footprint of iron and steel production. Among redu...
In this study, we discuss a series of eight energy scales, some of which are our own speculations, and fit the logarithms of these energies as a straight line versus a quantity related to the dimensionalities of action terms in a way to be defined in...
An experimental investigation to measure the performance of a first prototype of a kinetic turbine is presented. This turbine, developed using numerical simulation, recovers the kinetic energy of water in free surface canals. To assess the performanc...
Ratios of equilibrium solubilities rarely exceed two-fold for polymorph pairs. A model has been developed based on two intrinsic properties of polymorph pairs, namely the ratio of equilibrium solubilities of the individual pairs (C*me/C*st) and the r...
This paper explores the kinetics of the crystallization of potassium sulfate in a stirred bed crystallizer through experimental investigation. Employing classical nucleation theory, the homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation mechanisms of potassium...
To investigate the combustion characteristics of moxa under a nitrogen atmosphere, this study employed an integrated approach combining experimental and theoretical analysis. Twelve moxa floss samples with different leaf-to-floss ratios, geographical...
In the current work, the operating conditions for the Fischer–Tropsch process were optimized using experimental testing, kinetic modelling, simulation, and optimization. The experiments were carried out using a Ce-Co/SiO2 catalyst to examine ho...
Multiwave interference plays a crucial role in shaping the spatial variations of internal tides. Based on a combination of in situ mooring and altimeter data, interference of semidiurnal internal tides was investigated in the northern South China Sea...
The study conducted isothermal tests for biochar-based N-absorption reaction in Chemical Looping Ammonia Generation to investigate the factors affecting biochar conversion, the kinetic model, and the reaction mechanism. The results show that the N2 g...
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