Search Results (1,313)

Background/Objectives: Exclusive breastfeeding rates in Indonesia remain low, particularly among working mothers, despite government policies and the substantial contribution of women to the national economy. Inadequate workplace support, with only 21.5% of working mothers having access to proper lactation facilities, is a key barrier. This study aimed to analyze Google Trends search data to understand the barriers and opportunities regarding workplace breastfeeding support in Indonesia, providing a data-driven foundation for advocacy campaigns and policy development. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of Google Trends data from July 2020 to July 2025. Temporal and geographic search patterns for selected keywords, along with related queries and topics, were analyzed using a normalized relative search volume index (0–100). Results: “Lactation room” was the dominant, foundational search term with sporadic, event-driven peaks. Search interest in “exclusive breastfeeding” was consistently high (“evergreen”), while “World Breastfeeding Week” showed predictable seasonal peaks. Geographically, the need for basic infrastructure was nationally distributed, but searches for practical solutions, deeper topics, and event momentum were concentrated in urban economic centers. A nationwide knowledge gap on rights was identified. Analysis of “Rising Queries” and “Topics” revealed a shift in user focus from general information toward specific needs regarding rights, policy, and community support. Conclusions: The geographic and temporal alignment of user-identified needs with campaign momentum validates a targeted, multi-layered advocacy strategy. A three-pillar approach combining data-driven communication, workplace policy change, and multi-sectoral collaboration is recommended to improve breastfeeding support for working mothers in Indonesia. Full article

Geolocating Twitter users from social media data holds significant value in applications such as targeted advertising, disaster response, and social network analysis. However, existing social network-based geolocation methods tend to focus primarily on mention relations while neglecting other critical interactions like retweet relationships. Moreover, effectively integrating diverse social features remains a key challenge, which limits the overall performance of geolocation models. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel Twitter user geolocation method based on multi-graph feature fusion with a gating mechanism, termed MGFGCN, which fully leverages heterogeneous social network information. Specifically, MGFGCN first constructs separate mention and retweet graphs to capture multi-dimensional user relationships. It then incorporates the Information Gain Ratio (IGR) to select discriminative keywords and generates Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) features, thereby enhancing the semantic representation of user nodes. Furthermore, to exploit complementary information across different graph structures, we propose a Structure-aware Gated Fusion Mechanism (SGFM) that dynamically captures differences and interactions between nodes from each graph, enabling the effective fusion of node representations into a unified representation for subsequent location inference. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing state-of-the-art baselines in the Twitter user geolocation task across two public datasets. Full article

Background/Objectives: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and achalasia are two chronic esophageal disorders, characterized by inflammatory and neuromotor dysfunction, respectively, that share overlapping immune-inflammatory features. Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the oral and esophageal microbiota may represent a common determinant in their pathophysiology. This review aims to provide a comparative and integrated overview of microbial and immune alterations in EoE and Achalasia, with potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Methods: A bibliographic search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus including clinical studies, experimental research, and review articles published between 2015 and 2025. The keywords Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Achalasia, Microbiota, and Dysbiosis were used for article selection. Results: In EoE, several studies demonstrated increased bacterial diversity with predominance of Prevotella and reduction of Streptococcus, findings associated with greater inflammatory severity and epithelial barrier dysfunction. Conversely, Achalasia is characterized by reduced microbial diversity and a shift from Gram-positive commensals to Gram-negative taxa capable of activating pro-inflammatory pathways (TLR4-MYD88-NF-κB), leading to neuronal loss and impaired peristalsis. Conclusions: Both EoE and Achalasia share the hallmark of dysbiosis, although with distinct immune profiles (Th2 vs. Th17). The identification of specific microbial “signatures” suggests promising perspectives for non-invasive biomarkers and microbiota-targeted therapies, including probiotics and glycan-modulating strategies. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify causal mechanisms and validate microbiota manipulation as a complementary therapeutic approach in esophageal diseases. Full article

Background: Phytochemicals play a crucial role in determining the sensory qualities and nutritional value of plant-based foods. They influence flavour perception by interacting with aroma, taste, and texture. Terpenes, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids are particularly important as they contribute to the characteristic sensory profiles of foods while offering antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties that support the prevention of diet-related chronic diseases. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE, complemented by Google Scholar. The search focused on peer-reviewed articles, reviews, and meta-analyses published within the last two decades, prioritising studies on phytochemicals, their biosynthesis, the molecular mechanisms of flavour formation, and their functional properties in plant-based foods. Keywords included ‘phytochemicals’, ‘flavour development’, ‘flavonoids’, ‘terpenes’, ‘phenolics’, ‘plant foods’, ‘molecular pathways’, and ‘food processing’. Relevant studies providing mechanistic insights were selected. Results: Terpenes, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids modulate sensory attributes by interacting with taste and olfactory receptors, and they contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Food processing influences the stability, bioavailability, and efficacy of these compounds, thereby affecting flavour and health-promoting potential. Modern analytical techniques enable the detailed characterisation of these compounds and their sensory and functional roles. Conclusions: By integrating insights from sensory science and nutrition, this review emphasises the dual importance of phytochemicals in enhancing consumer acceptance and promoting health. Understanding their mechanisms and how they respond to processing can inform the development of plant-based foods that are enjoyable and nutritious. Full article

Renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic panels and wind turbines, are increasingly integrated into domestic systems to address energy scarcity, rising demand, and climate change. However, their intermittent nature requires efficient energy storage systems (ESS) for stability and reliability. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, aimed to evaluate the size and chemical composition of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in household renewable energy applications. A literature search was conducted in Scopus in August 2025 using predefined keywords, and studies published in English from 2015 onward were included. Exclusion criteria included book chapters, duplicate conference proceedings, geographically restricted case studies, systems without chemistry or size details, and those focusing solely on electric vehicle batteries. Of 308 initially retrieved records, 83 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. The majority (92%) employed simulation-based approaches, while 8% reported experimental setups. No formal risk-of-bias tool was applied, but a methodological quality check was conducted. Data were synthesized narratively and tabulated by chemistry, nominal voltage, capacity, and power. Lithium-ion batteries were the most prevalent (49%), followed by lead–acid (13%), vanadium redox flow (3.6%), and nickel–metal hydride (1.2%), with the remainder unspecified. Lithium-ion dominated due to high energy density, long cycle life, and efficiency. Limitations of the evidence include reliance on simulation studies, heterogeneity in reporting, and limited experimental validation. Overall, this review provides a framework for selecting and integrating appropriately sized and composed BESS into domestic renewable systems, offering implications for stability, efficiency, and household-level sustainability. The study was funded by the PNRR NEST project and Sapienza University of Rome Grant. Full article

The environmental protection expenditure of enterprises is an important investment in the process of developing green innovation. Although a large number of researchers have evaluated the factors promoting green innovation, few have studied the impact of environmental protection expenditure of enterprises on green innovation, and signal transmission is an important mechanism. This paper selects the data of China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2023, obtains the data of enterprise environmental protection investment through a manual collection and keyword screening method, and analyzes the micro impact of enterprise environmental protection investment on green innovation output by using a two-way fixed corresponding method. The empirical results show that the environmental protection expenditure of enterprises will significantly promote green innovation. At the same time, the green innovation effect of enterprise environmental protection expenditure is also different due to enterprise scale, financing constraints, and life cycle. At the same time, this paper verifies the signal transmission mechanism of enterprises’ environmental protection expenditure, that is, enterprises’ investment in environmental protection which will release positive signals to the outside so as to strive for more social resources. Further empirical analysis verifies the promotion effect of enterprise environmental protection expenditure on performance. This paper asserts that enterprises should play a positive role in environmental protection investment, and government departments should increase support for enterprises. Full article

This review comprehensively assesses the clinical applications and future potential of alpha-emitting radionuclides available for targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT) in cancer treatment. The approval of radium-223 therapy in 2013 marked a significant advancement in alpha-emitting therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, which are primarily used in treatment of prostate cancer. The EU SECURE project was introduced as a major initiative to enhance the sustainability and safety of medical alpha-emitting radionuclides production in Europe. This literature review was conducted by a multidisciplinary team on selected radionuclides, including actinium-225, bismuth-213, astatine-211, lead-212, terbium-149, radium-223 and thorium-227. These were selected based on their clinical significance, as identified in the EU PRISMAP project and subsequent literature searches. The review process involved searching major databases using specific keywords related to alpha-emitter therapy and was limited to articles in English. For each selected radionuclide, the physical characteristics, the radiochemistry, and the pre-clinical and clinical studies are explored. Actinium-225 is the most widely studied alpha emitter, with several preclinical and clinical studies on prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumours. Other types of tumours (such as glioblastoma) still require preclinical and clinical development. Bismuth-213 bound to antibodies, peptides and nanobodies has shown optimal results in preclinical and clinical studies, with increased median survival and no significant toxicity. Astatine-211 differs from most other α-emitters relevant to TAT, since it yields one α-particle per decay. This offers certain translational advantages, including the simplification of radiation dosimetry calculations and quality control (QC). Lead-212 has the advantage of being an in situ generator with likely widespread availability. Although clinical data are limited, the findings are promising at this stage. The unconventional production of Terbium-149 is the primary reason it has not yet progressed to clinical trials. Overcoming this production obstacle would allow more detailed preclinical investigations. Optimal results with Thorium-227-labelled agents have been observed in preclinical studies, including delays in cellular growth, multiple double-strand breaks and complete regression. Intermediate phase I trial results have also been reported, demonstrating safety and tolerability, as well as an objective response rate of 25%.: The results highlight the advantages of alpha particles in targeting cancer cells with minimal radiation to normal tissue, emphasising the need for high specificity and stability in delivery mechanisms, as well as suggesting that the full clinical potential of alpha particle therapy remains unexplored. Theranostic approach and dosimetric evaluations still represent relevant challenges. Full article

(1) Background: diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) remains one of the most serious acute complications of type 1 diabetes, especially among young adults. At the same time the ketogenic diet, characterized by high fat and very low carbohydrate intake, is becoming increasingly popular, raising concerns about its appropriateness and safety for individuals with type 1 diabetes, (2) Methods: a literature review was conducted using MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases, complemented by additional searches in Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to ensure broad coverage of both international and European studies with the focus on keywords including “diabetic ketoacidosis”, “type 1 diabetes”, and “ketogenic diet”. The most relevant and up-to-date studies were selected to evaluate both risks and potential clinical applications of this diet in T1D in young adults, (3) Results and Conclusions: While nutritional ketosis under controlled conditions is typically safe, individuals with T1D, especially young adults, may be more vulnerable to DKA due to factors such as inconsistent insulin administration, lack of ketone monitoring, and lifestyle changes. Reports of euglycemic DKA further highlight the importance of regular ketone tracking, even when blood glucose appears within target ranges. Although low-carbohydrate diets may offer improved glycemic profiles, their use in young adults with T1D must be carefully evaluated, emphasizing individualized care plans, close metabolic monitoring, and comprehensive patient education. Ongoing research is essential to clarify whether ketogenic diet can be safely integrated into diabetes management in this population. Full article

Steroids, particularly glucocorticoids, are essential components of cancer treatment for both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The adverse effects of standard steroid-based drugs have forced drug discovery research to develop chemotherapeutics with a more selective mechanism of action and an improved therapeutic index. Steroids of natural origin and their analogs are a significant source of novel molecules with a wide spectrum of biological activities. In this review, we aimed to analyze marine-derived steroids and their anti-cancer activity. Moreover, we specifically discussed molecules with not only anti-cancer but also anti-inflammatory activities that could potentially mimic the effects of glucocorticoids. We hypothesized that several of the reviewed compounds could exhibit affinity to the glucocorticoid receptor, and possess the properties of selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists/modulators with increased therapeutic activity and decreased side effects. The review is based on the literature available in the PubMed, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases and covers the period from 1986 to 2025. The keywords used were “steroids”, “cancer”, and “marine-derived steroids”. The second iteration of the literature search included the keywords “selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists”, “marine-derived”, and “cancer”. In silico calculations of several marine-derived compounds were performed to support the hypothesis based on the literature data. Full article

The Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) is a cellulose-based biofilm resulting from the fermentation of sweetened tea by a microbial consortium of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. This study applies the Methodi Ordinatio technique to systematically identify, rank, and analyze the most relevant scientific publications on the applications of SCOBY. A comprehensive search in SCOPUS and Web of Science yielded 179 articles, after manual filtration. The InOrdinatio index, which combines citation count, publication year, and journal impact factor, was used for ranking to select a representative sample of the most important contributions (117 articles). The highest-ranked article scored 128.9, and the lowest 42.6. China led in scientific output (14.01%), followed by India (11.46%), the UK and USA (5.10% each), and Brazil (4.46%). The International Journal of Biological Macromolecules was the most frequently used journal for publications in this field. “Bacterial cellulose” was the most cited keyword (61 times), followed by “kombucha” (41) and “fermentation” (29). A consistent rise in publications has been observed over the past five years. Four main application areas were identified: bacterial cellulose (BC) (38%), biosustainable materials (28%), biomedical (17%), and food-related uses (17%). Most of the studies related to BC production (52%) searched for alternative substrates, and 18% focused on the isolation and identification of the most productive microorganisms within SCOBY. For biomedical applications, a unifying theme is the development of SCOBY-based materials with intrinsic antibacterial properties. These findings emphasize SCOBY’s emerging role in sustainable innovation and circular economic frameworks. Full article

Due to its unique benefits over conventional subtractive manufacturing, additive manufacturing methods continue to attract interest in both academia and industry. One such method is called Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing (CSAM), a solid-state coating deposition technology to manufacture repair metallic components using a gas jet and powder particles. CSAM offers low heat input, stable phases, suitability for heat-sensitive substrates, and high deposition rates. However, persistent challenges include porosity control, geometric accuracy near edges and concavities, anisotropy, and cost sensitivities linked to gas selection and nozzle wear. Interdisciplinary research across manufacturing science, materials characterisation, robotics, control, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) is deployed to overcome these issues. ML supports quality prediction, inverse parameter design, in situ monitoring, and surrogate models that couple process physics with data. To demonstrate the impact of AI and ML on CSAM, this study presents a systematic literature review to identify, evaluate, and analyse published studies in this domain. The most relevant studies in the literature are analysed using keyword co-occurrence and clustering. Four themes were identified: design for CSAM, material analytics, real-time monitoring and defect analytics, and deposition and AI-enabled optimisation. Based on this synthesis, core challenges are identified as small and varied datasets, transfer and identifiability limits, and fragmented sensing. Main opportunities are outlined as physics-based surrogates, active learning, uncertainty-aware inversion, and cloud-edge control for reliable and adaptable ML use in CSAM. By systematically mapping the current landscape, this work provides a critical roadmap for researchers to target the most significant challenges and opportunities in applying AI/ML to industrialise CSAM. Full article

Background and Objectives: Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an isoenzyme of enolase, of which the γ isoform is expressed in nerve cells. The activity of NSE occurs during late neuronal differentiation, which determines the specificity of the enzyme for neurodevelopmental cells. The activity of NSE is also observed in processes associated with neuronal damage. The aim of this study was to present the state of the art related to the knowledge, advances, and possible developmental directions in terms of the use of NSE as a biomarker in the diagnosis of selected neurological and mental disorders (NDs, MDs), with particular emphasis on ischemic stroke (IS) and psychotic disorders (PSDs). Materials and Methods: A literature review was performed using the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Keywords such as “neuron-specific enolase”, “neuron-specific enolase in schizophrenia”, “neuron-specific enolase in ischemic stroke”, “neuron-specific enolase in psychiatric disorders”, and “neuron-specific enolase in neurological diseases” were used during the literature search. A total of 11,350 items were found. However, 188 papers were finally selected after applying the filters (“clinical trial”, “meta-analysis”, “randomized control trial”, and “systematic review”). Results: The literature was analyzed and 67 items relevant to the subject of this study were selected. This article points out the differences in NSE levels in different clinical groups, such as patients after an incident of hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), neuroinfection, or particular inflammatory processes in the nervous system region, as well as central nervous system (CNS) injury, selected MD, neurodegenerative disorders (NGDs), headaches, or epilepsy (EP). Conclusions: In the future, they may serve to support further work on the use of enolase as a potential biomarker of the described diseases. Full article

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with substantial socioeconomic impact, characterized by the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons, dopamine deficiency, and pathological processes such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and α-synuclein aggregation. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are enzymes responsible for the degradation of neuroactive amines, including dopamine, a neurotransmitter essential for motor, cognitive, and behavioral functions. Among these, MAO-B plays a central role in dopamine metabolism, producing reactive metabolites and oxidative species that contribute to the oxidative stress associated with PD pathophysiology. In this context, MAO-B inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. However, specific limitations, such as motor complications linked to prolonged levodopa use and the adverse effects of currently available MAO inhibitors, remain significant clinical challenges. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and SciFinder databases. Keywords such as “MAO inhibitors”, “Parkinson’s pathology,” and “Parkinson’s disease” were combined with Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT). The search covered publications from 2010 to 2025. Results: While previous reviews, particularly those by the groups of Guglielmi and Alborghetti, mainly emphasized the clinical use of MAO-B inhibitors and advances in patents, the present review identified approximately 300 compounds synthesized and evaluated as MAO inhibitors, encompassing diverse chemical classes. Among them, selective MAO-B inhibitors exhibited the greatest pharmacological potential, reinforcing the relevance of this isoform as a strategic target in PD therapy. Conclusion: These findings highlight the advances of Medicinal Chemistry in the development of novel MAO-B inhibitors, both as monotherapies for early-stage PD and as adjuvants to levodopa in advanced disease. Collectively, they emphasize the promise of MAO-B inhibitors as candidates for more effective therapeutic interventions in Parkinson’s disease. Full article

The main characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with inattention, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity. Those diagnosed with this neurodevelopmental disorder present with executive function and motor difficulties, which have repercussions in educational, occupational, or social areas. On the other hand, it has been evidenced that the regular practice of physical activity or exercise or sport could produce improvements in areas with difficulties. It is for this reason that the objective of the present review was to describe and analyze the effects of the practice of physical activity, exercise, or sport on executive functions in adults diagnosed with ADHD through the scientific literature (registry: INPLASY202530105). The articles indexed in PubMed (1145), Scopus (43), and WoS (2910) were searched using the following keywords: “Adult” OR “Adults” AND “Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder” OR “Attention-Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder” AND “Physical activity” OR “Exercise” OR “Sports” OR “Sport” AND “Executive Function”. In addition, four articles were identified using other search engines. A total of 10 articles met the selection criteria. TESTEX was used to assess the quality of the articles, and TIDierR was used to report the results. Of the ten included studies, nine mention an improvement in inhibitory control, six in selective attention, three in cognitive flexibility, and one in working memory (all p < 0.05). It was concluded that the practice of physical activity, exercise, or sport has a positive and significant effect on the executive functions of adults with ADHD, specifically on selective attention, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, benefits were observed in depression, brain activation, and stability. Among the limitations is the lack of a meta-analysis, which makes it difficult to quantify and recommend which intervention is most effective for this population. Furthermore, the various types and degrees of ADHD were not considered. Full article

The global need for tissue and organ transplantation paved the way for plant-based scaffolds as cheap, ethical, and valuable alternatives to synthetic and animal-derived matrices for tissue regeneration. Over the years, the field has outgrown its initial scope, including the development of tissue models, platforms for drug testing and delivery, biosensors, and laboratory-grown meat. In this scoping review, we aimed to shed light on the frequency of the use of different plant matrices, the main techniques for decellularization, the functionalization methods for stimulating mammalian cell attachment, and the main results. To that purpose, we searched the keywords “decellularized” AND “scaffold” AND (“plant” OR “vegetable”) in online-available databases (Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Sage Journals). From the selection and study of 71 articles, we observed a multitude of plant sources and tissues, along with a large and inhomogeneous body of protocols used for decellularization, functionalization and recellularization of plant matrices, which all led to variable results, with different extents of success (mostly in vitro). Since the field of plant-based scaffolds shows high potential for growth in the next few years, driven by emerging biotechnological applications, we conclude that future research should focus on plant sources with low economic and environmental impacts while also pursuing the standardization of the methods involved and a much deeper characterization of the scaffold performance in vivo. Full article