3,694 Results Found

Treprostinil palmitil (TP), a prodrug of treprostinil, is being developed as an inhalation powder (TPIP) for the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary hypertension due to interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD). In...

Background/Objectives: Correct inhalation technique (IT) is crucial in the management of airway obstructive diseases. However, inhaler misuse among patients is frequent. The aim of the study was to assess IT and analyze factors influencing inhalation...

Inhalation injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with burns. Presence of airways injury adds to the need of fluid supplementation, increases risk of pulmonary complications. Due to many mechanisms involved in pathophysiology...

Subglottic stenosis represents a challenging clinical condition in otolaryngology. Although patients often experience improvement following endoscopic surgery, recurrence rates remain high. Pursuing measures to maintain surgical results and prevent r...

In this review, an extensive analysis of dry powder inhalers (DPIs) is offered, focusing on their characteristics, formulation, stability, and manufacturing. The advantages of pulmonary delivery were investigated, as well as the significance of the p...

A high percentage of asthma patients have symptoms that are not well controlled, despite effective drugs being available. One potential reason for this may be that poor inhaler technique limits the dose delivered to the lungs, thereby reducing the th...

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has produced a global pandemic. As of 22 June 2021, 178 million people have been affected worldwide, and 3.87 million people have died from COVID-19. According to the Cen...

Background: Tracheostomy is a common procedure in critical care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of a liposomal inhalation compared to standard physiologic saline (SPS) inhalation on basis of objective and subjective parameters...

The carcinogenic effect of smoking on laryngeal cancer is well established; however, the risk pattern for detailed smoking characteristics is less clear. Thus, the aim of this analysis was to quantify the impact of different inhalation behaviours on...

The inhalation toxicity of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) is not clearly known due to relatively few related studies reported. An acute inhalation study and short-term inhalation study (5 days) were therefore conducted using Sprague-Dawley rats. In the acu...

The pathogenesis of ricin toxicity following inhalation has been investigated in many animal models, including the non-human primate (predominantly the rhesus macaque), pig, rabbit and rodent. The toxicity and associated pathology described in animal...

Humans are chronically exposed to airborne microplastics (MPs) by inhalation. Various types of polymer particles have been detected in lung samples, which could pose a threat to human health. Inhalation toxicological studies are crucial for assessing...

The use of dry powder inhalers (DPIs) represents a cornerstone in the treatment of chronic pulmonary diseases. However, suboptimal inhalation techniques, including inadequate airflow rates, have been a persistent concern for achieving effective thera...

Nebulizers are used by the great majority of cystic fibrosis patients for delivery of cornerstone treatments. Inhalation technique and adequate disinfection and maintenance are important for optimizing medication delivery. In this study, inhalation t...

Typical indications for radon therapy include autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We had previously reported that radon inhalation inhibits Th17 immune responses in RA mice by activating Th1 and Th2 immune responses. However, there...

In vitro dissolution and permeability testing aid the simulation of the in vivo behavior of inhalation drug products. Although the regulatory bodies have specific guidelines for the dissolution of orally administered dosage forms (e.g., tablets and c...

In this study, a new experimental method is proposed to evaluate the interaction between psychological state and behavioral changes under fire conditions. The ISO 5660-1 and the OFM (Open Field Maze) were employed to measure combustion characteristic...

Background: Natural environment inhalation topography provides useful information for toxicant exposure, risk assessment and cardiopulmonary performance. Commercially available wearable respiratory monitors (WRMs), which are currently used to measure...

Animal testing is mandatory in drug testing and is the gold standard for toxicity and efficacy evaluations. This situation is expected to change in the future as the 3Rs principle, which stands for the replacement, reduction, and refinement of the us...

Treprostinil palmitil (TP) is a prodrug of treprostinil (TRE), a pulmonary vasodilator that has been previously formulated for inhaled administration via a nebulizer. TP demonstrates a sustained presence in the lungs with reduced systemic exposure an...

Interest in pulmonary/nasal routes for local delivery has significantly increased over the last decade owing to challenges faced in the delivery of molecules with poor solubility, systemic side effects, or new modalities such as biologics. This incre...

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent and disabling mental disorders, causing health-related burdens. With the increasing demand for and interest in safe and acceptable anxiolytics, several studies report the anxiolytic effects of lavender aromath...

The use of antibiotics is a vital means of treating infections caused by the bacteria Bacillus (B.) anthracis. Importantly, with the potential future use of multidrug-resistant strains of B. anthracis as bioweapons, new antibiotics are needed as alte...

Human lung deposition data is non-mandatory for drug approval but very useful for the development of orally inhaled drug products. Lung deposition of inhaled drugs can be quantified by radionuclide imaging, for which one of the first considerations i...

Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) are emerging advanced materials with many unique properties and growing commercial significance. A life-cycle risk assessment and environmental health and safety roadmap identified potential risks from inhalation of powd...

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and underlying mechanisms of peramivir, a clinically approved antiviral agent for severe influenza, subsequent to airway inhalation in rats, thereby surmounting the constraints associated with t...

Background: Pulmonary hypercoagulopathy is intrinsic to inhalation trauma. Nebulized heparin could theoretically be beneficial in patients with inhalation injury, but current data are conflicting. We aimed to investigate the safety, feasibility, and...

This review addresses the exposure risks associated with the inhalation of aerosolized cosmetic products and explores the utility of lung organoids in assessing these risks. Aerosolized cosmetics such as sprays pose potential health hazards through i...

In this study, we investigate the relationship between breathing patterns and cardiac autonomic nervous activity during spontaneous breathing. Electrocardiograms and respiratory signals were simultaneously monitored in six subjects for 5 min while in...

This study evaluates drug cost outcomes related to automatic therapeutic substitution of branded tobramycin solution for inhalation (TOBI^®) with inhaled generic preservative-free intravenous tobramycin (PFIT). A retrospective single-center evaluation...

Dry powder inhalers are used by a large number of patients worldwide to treat respiratory diseases. The objective of this work is to experimentally investigate changes in aerosol particle diameter and particle number concentration of pharmaceutical a...

The hazards of various types of nanoparticles with high functionality have not been fully assessed. We investigated the usefulness of biopersistence as a hazard indicator of nanoparticles by performing inhalation and intratracheal instillation studie...

Rats have been widely used as surrogates for evaluating the adverse health effects of inhaled airborne particulate matter. This paper presents a computational fluid and particle dynamics (CFPD) study of particle transport and deposition in an approxi...

Inhalation anesthesia stands as a pivotal modality within clinical anesthesia practices. Beyond its primary anesthetic effects, inhaled anesthetics have non-anesthetic effects, exerting bidirectional influences on the physiological state of the body...

The aerosol inhalation delivery of composite particles consisting of Ag nanoparticles enveloped by polyvinylpyrrolidone was investigated in experiments with mice. An ultrasonic nebulizing system was created for the generation of aerosols with a mean...

Remdesivir exhibits in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 and was granted approval for emergency use. To maximize delivery to the lungs, we formulated remdesivir as a dry powder for inhalation using thin film freezing (TFF). TFF produces brittle matri...

The multi-pathway cancer risk (CR) assessment of trihalomethanes (THM) involves considering exposure via ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation. Inhalation occurs during showering due to the volatilization of THMs from chlorinated water to the air...

Some athletes utilize olfactory inhalation treatments using ammonia salt and aromatic oils to attain their peak performance or for physical and psychological relaxation. However, there is still a lack of clear evidence on olfactory inhalation treatme...

Gene delivery therapy has emerged as a popular approach for the treatment of various diseases. However, it still poses the challenges of accumulation in target sites and reducing off-target effects. Aerosol gene delivery for the treatment of pulmonar...

Coccidioides species are thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens that cause coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever) primarily in North and South America. Coccidioides grow as hyphae that differentiate into arthroconidia, which can be aerosolized upon soil dis...

Accurate knowledge of the delivery of locally acting drug products, such as metered-dose inhaler (MDI) formulations, to large and small airways is essential to develop reliable in vitro/in vivo correlations (IVIVCs). However, challenges exist in mode...

Guanidine disinfectants are important chemical agents with a broad spectrum of activity that are effective against most microorganisms. Chlorhexidine, one of the most used guanidine disinfectants, is added to shampoo and mouthwash and applied in medi...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of essential oil inhalation on body weight, blood lipid profile, and liver and adipose tissue in mice. Middle-aged male mice (C57BL/6J) were exposed to Lavandula angustifolia (LO) and Citrus aura...

Zinc sulphide is a widely used inorganic powder, and its production has reached quantities greater than 1000 t/year. Therefore, in accordance with OECD guideline 436, an acute inhalation test was implemented to provide more accurate data. This study...

We investigated the transcriptomic response and epigenetic changes in the lungs of mice exposed to inhalation of copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) (8 × 10⁵ NPs/m³) for periods of 3 days, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months. A whole genome tra...

In vitro assessment of dry powders for inhalation (DPIs) aerodynamic performance is an inevitable test in DPI development. However, contemporary trends in drug development also implicate the use of in silico methods, e.g., computational fluid dynamic...

We conducted inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in order to examine their pulmonary toxicity. F344 rats were received intratracheal instillation at 0.2 or 1 mg of ZnO nanoparticles with a primary diame...

Nanoparticle-based therapeutics have been used in pulmonary formulations to enhance delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs, protect drugs against degradation and achieve modified release and drug targeting. This review focuses on the use of spray dry...

Aluminum phosphide is a highly effective insecticide for fumigation in granaries and is often used in rural grain storage. However, people’s awareness of its toxicity is not strong. A case of acute inhalation toxicity of phosphine caused by the...

Terbinafine is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent with therapeutic potential against pulmonary aspergillosis. The main aim of the current study was to investigate the potential of l-leucine, alone and in combination with mannitol, to improve the perfo...