Search Results (711)

The antifoaming performance of natural gas desulfurization solvents is critical for maintaining product gas quality and ensuring the safe operation of processing units. Hydrocarbon impurities can enter amine solutions through feed-gas entrainment, wellhead flowback carryover, and leakage of equipment lubricants. These contaminants may gradually accumulate in the solvent system and become a significant contributor to foaming. To address the industrial demand for rapid quantitative determination of hydrocarbon contaminants in desulfurization solvents, this study investigates in-service UDS-series solvents and representative samples collected from a natural gas purification plant in western Sichuan. NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS analyses reveal that the impurities are predominantly n-alkanes in the C₁₃-C₁₈ range, based on which a corresponding reference standard oil was prepared. COSMO-RS calculations combined with molecular interaction analysis identify n-hexane as the optimal extraction solvent. The ultraviolet spectrophotometric method commonly used to determine hydrocarbons in environmental water samples shows limited sensitivity to long-chain n-alkanes and requires strong acid pretreatment that disrupts the amine solvent matrix, rendering it unsuitable for UDS solvents. In contrast, the n-hexane extraction-GC-FID method showed good linearity, precision, and accuracy, meeting engineering analytical requirements for monitoring hydrocarbon contamination in MDEA-based UDS desulfurization solvents. Full article

To clarify the hydrocarbon-generation potential of deep source rocks in the Qingyang Gas Field, this study focuses on the Shanxi and Taiyuan Formation source rocks at burial depths of 4000–5000 m. Integrated organic geochemical analyses were conducted to investigate organic matter abundance, kerogen type, thermal maturity, hydrocarbon-generation conditions, and their significance for natural gas accumulation. The TOC values of the 12 valid mudstone samples range from 0.07% to 2.53%, with an average of 0.77%, indicating generally poor to fair organic matter abundance. Rock-Eval results show that S2 values range from 0.0681 to 6.2797 mg/g, with an average of 1.5946 mg/g, whereas S1 + S2 values range from 0.0948 to 6.9066 mg/g, with an average of 1.8582 mg/g, indicating generally limited Rock-Eval hydrocarbon-generating capacity, with local improvement. The kerogen assemblage is heterogeneous and is generally dominated by Type III humic kerogen, with subordinate Type II components and minor Type I components in some samples, indicating mixed organic-matter input but an overall gas-prone character. Tmax values range from 420 to 482 °C; however, because Tmax may be unreliable in samples with very low S2 values, thermal maturity was evaluated mainly using vitrinite reflectance and natural gas geochemical evidence. R_o values range from 2.03% to 2.22%, with an average of 2.11%, indicating that the source rocks have reached a high- to overmature stage. The natural gas is methane-rich, with an average methane content of 91.73% and an average heavy hydrocarbon content of only 0.16%, indicating a typical dry-gas composition. The carbon isotope values of methane and ethane are both negative, with δ¹³C₁ values ranging from −35.59‰ to −20.65‰ and δ¹³C₂ values ranging from −37.82‰ to −28.44‰, consistent with high-maturity coal-derived gas generated from humic organic matter. The formation water is mainly medium- to high-salinity CaCl₂ type, indicating a relatively closed hydrologic environment favorable for natural gas preservation. Clay mineral assemblages dominated by kaolinite and illite provide supplementary evidence for depositional conditions, burial diagenesis, and fluid–rock interaction. Overall, although the Rock-Eval hydrocarbon-generating capacity of the Shanxi and Taiyuan Formation source rocks is generally limited, the Type III-dominated mixed kerogen, high- to overmature R_o values, methane-rich dry-gas composition, and carbon isotope characteristics collectively indicate that these source rocks experienced effective natural gas generation during geological evolution and are genetically related to the present deep natural gas accumulation. This study provides fundamental geochemical constraints for further integrated exploration and evaluation of the deep coal-measure gas system in the Qingyang Gas Field. Full article

Deep coalbed methane (CBM) is a core exploration and development domain for increasing the reserves and production of unconventional natural gas in China. A systematic understanding has been established on the enrichment and accumulation mechanism of high-rank deep CBM in the southern section of the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin. However, the medium-rank deep CBM in the Mugua Area of the Shenfu Gas Field in the northern section of the eastern margin has essential differences from that in the southern section in terms of coal rank and hydrocarbon generation–occurrence mechanism, and its accumulation and enrichment regularity remain unclear. The core innovations of this study are as follows: aiming at the unclear accumulation regularity of medium-rank deep CBM in the northern section of the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, we first reveal the spatiotemporal synergistic coupling reservoir-controlling mechanism of five factors (sedimentation–thermal evolution–temperature–pressure–preservation), determine the 1750 m critical transition zone of the deep CBM occurrence state, and establish two types of accumulation models adapted to the geological characteristics of medium-rank coal. Taking the No.8+9 coal seams of the Taiyuan Formation in the Mugua Area as the research object, based on the theoretical foundation of the dual properties of coal seams as the “source rock–reservoir”, this paper comprehensively adopted technical means such as core observation, drilling and logging data, and high-pressure isothermal adsorption experiments to carry out systematic multi-dimensional studies on sedimentary microfacies, coal reservoir characteristics, thermal evolution degree, and gas-bearing property; identified the main controlling factors of CBM accumulation; and constructed the accumulation model. The results show the following: ① The main burial depth of the coal seams is more than 1700 m, with a thickness ranging from 7.0 to 21.3 m and an average of 15.1 m, and the coal structure is dominated by the primary structure; maximum vitrinite reflectance (R_o,max) is generally distributed from 0.90% to 1.39% with an average of 1.08%, belonging to typical medium-rank coal; and the organic matter type is mainly Type III, with an average gas content of 10.01 m³/t, where the average proportion of desorbed gas in the total gas content is 83.91%, featuring superior source and reservoir conditions and a good foundation for CBM enrichment. ② The CBM accumulation in this area is jointly controlled by the coupling of four factors: sedimentation, thermal evolution degree, temperature–pressure effect, and preservation conditions. The tidal flat–lagoon facies control the development of high-quality coal seams; regional metamorphism dominates the hydrocarbon generation capacity and gas quality of coal seams; the temperature–pressure coupling forms a critical adsorption zone at 1750 m, defining the differentiation boundary of the occurrence state of deep CBM; and high-quality mudstone cap rocks, a stable structural environment, and closed hydrodynamic conditions constitute the three key guarantees for gas enrichment. ③ Two types of accumulation models are divided: “source–reservoir integration + multi-factor synergistic enrichment type” and “source–reservoir limited + insufficient accumulation condition type”. Among them, the four reservoir-controlling factors of the synergistic enrichment type are highly coupled, with excellent gas-bearing property and strong recoverability. This study systematically clarifies the enrichment and accumulation regularity of medium-rank deep CBM in the Mugua Area and improves the accumulation theory of medium-rank deep CBM in the northern section of the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin. Full article

This study aims to resolve the genetic origin of crude oils accumulated in the D Subsag and to assess the potential cross-sag hydrocarbon migration from the adjacent Haizhong Sag. The D Subsag, situated on the western margin of the Weixinan Sag in the Beibuwan Basin, is a significant petroleum province with proven reserves exceeding 10 million tons in the Weizhou Oilfield. However, the origin of these oils and the contribution from the Haizhong Sag source kitchen remain poorly constrained, hindering accurate resource assessment. To address this, we integrated organic geochemical analyses of nine source rock samples from the Haizhong Sag (Well H1) and eight crude oil samples from the D Subsag reservoirs. Bulk geochemical and biomarker signatures reveal distinct organic facies within the Paleogene succession. Type III kerogen, characterized by terrigenous higher plant input (high C₁₉₊₂₀ tricyclic terpanes and C₂₉ regular steranes, Pr/Ph > 2.5) deposited under oxic freshwater conditions, dominates source rocks from the third member of the Weizhou Formation (EWZ₃). In contrast, the second and third members of the Liushagang Formation (Els₂ and Els₃) contain mixed Type II₂-III kerogen with elevated contributions from lacustrine algae and aquatic organisms (elevated C₂₃ tricyclic terpanes and C₂₇ regular steranes). Thermal maturity assessment (with T_max of 436 to 448 °C) confirms that all source intervals are within the oil generation window. Two genetically distinct oil groups are identified in the EWZ₃ reservoirs. Group 1 oils (Well W4) exhibit a lacustrine algal signature (C₂₇/C₂₉ sterane > 1.15; low Pr/Ph 1.54–1.68) that does not correlate with the analyzed Haizhong Sag source rocks, suggesting localized, intra-sag source contributions. In contrast, Group 2 oils (Wells W6 and W6-2) display strong geochemical affinities with the Els₂ and Els₃ source rocks, evidenced by mixed terrestrial/aquatic signatures (∑nC₂₁⁻/∑nC₂₂⁺ < 1.0). These findings confirm that fault systems acted as conduits for long-distance migration from the Haizhong Sag, while also highlighting a previously unrecognized contribution from local source intervals. This refined petroleum system model provides critical constraints for delineating remaining hydrocarbon potential and reducing exploration risk in the Beibuwan Basin. Full article

The Offshore Indus Basin is located on the western margin of the Indian Plate, adjacent to the onshore Lower Indus Basin in Pakistan and the Kutch Basin along India’s western coast. Deepwater and deep formations in this basin are characterized by low exploration intensity and poor early data quality, which hinder the verification of hydrocarbon potential. Based on newly acquired high-resolution seismic data and onshore–offshore correlation, this study analyzes basin evolution and systematically evaluates petroleum geological conditions and exploration potential of deepwater and deep formations. The results show that the basin has experienced three evolutionary stages: Mesozoic rifting, Cenozoic post-rift thermal subsidence, and passive continental margin development, which collectively control the petroleum geological conditions of deepwater and deep strata. Mesozoic strata (Jurassic and Cretaceous) are widely developed beneath the Deccan volcanic rocks, with a stable distribution. Three sets of potential source rocks are identified: Cretaceous (Type II/III organic matter, high maturity, high quality), Paleo–Eocene (Type III, moderate maturity, high quality), and Lower Miocene (Type II₂/III, low maturity, poor–moderate quality). Three sets of high-quality reservoirs are developed: Cretaceous deltaic–shallow marine sandstones, Paleocene reef limestones, and Miocene deltaic and subaqueous fan sandstones. Three hydrocarbon accumulation models are established. Favorable structural belts are mainly distributed in the NW, NE, and SE parts of the basin, dominated by structural and lithological traps. Thin Deccan volcanic rocks in deepwater areas exert a positive effect on the preservation of deep Mesozoic strata and petroleum system development. This study clarifies the key petroleum geological conditions and accumulation rules of deepwater and deep formations, providing a robust basis for hydrocarbon exploration potential evaluation in the Offshore Indus Basin. Full article

Dioxins are highly persistent organic pollutants that exist in soil. Their hydrophobic and lipophilic characteristics facilitate long-term stability, posing high risks to the ecosystem and human health. They can be released by different sources, such as the incineration of waste materials, industrial activities, the production of pesticides, and natural or accidental events like forest fires. Dioxins accumulate in food chains and persist in the environment because dioxins are less volatile as well as chemically stable and can strongly bind to organic matter. The accumulation and persistence of dioxins in aquatic and terrestrial systems make them a significant threat to the environment, even at very low concentrations. This review explains the key sources of dioxin-contaminated soil, including industrial emissions and atmospheric deposition, and assesses the associated risks. The transport, places of contamination, and overall status of dioxins are also highlighted in this study. The review also examines the mechanisms of dioxin toxicity, focusing on their interference with hormonal functions and gene expression, as mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). This AhR activation leads to gene responses and causes immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, various remediation strategies like biological, physical, and chemical remediation are discussed here as effective approaches for reducing ecological and health risks and promoting soil sustainability. Full article

Deep-to-ultra-deep marine carbonate reservoirs represent an important frontier for hydrocarbon exploration in the Tarim Basin, yet fluid sources and accumulation processes in the Ediacaran (Sinian) succession remain poorly constrained due to extreme burial depth and complex tectono-thermal evolution. Here, we investigate fracture–vug reservoirs of the Sinian Qigebulake Formation in Well LT3 (Tabei Uplift) using an integrated dataset including petrography and cathodoluminescence, fluid-inclusion microthermometry, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy, in situ major/trace element analysis and C–O–Sr isotope geochemistry, and LA-ICP-MS carbonate U–Pb dating of authigenic minerals. The paragenetic sequence comprises early dolomite (Dol-I), later dolomite (Dol-II), co-precipitated calcite (Cal-I) and quartz (Qtz-I), and late solid bitumen (Bit). Dolomite veins show PAAS-normalized REE patterns and 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70918–0.70984; average 0.70942) comparable to the surrounding Sinian marine wall rocks, indicating precipitation from diagenetic fluids dominated by closed-system water–rock interaction. In contrast, Cal-I displays LREE enrichment, pronounced positive Eu anomalies (δEu = 4.91–7.21), radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.71161–0.71417; average 0.71256), and negative δ¹⁸O_VPDB values (down to −9.439‰), suggesting a large-scale influx of deep-seated, high-temperature, Sr-rich hydrothermal fluids likely linked to fault-assisted fluid circulation. Fluid inclusions record four hydrocarbon charging episodes, evolving from lower- to higher-maturity oils and ultimately to dry gas. Dol-II hosts pale-yellow to pale-blue oil inclusions, whereas Cal-I and Qtz-I predominantly contain deep-blue oil inclusions and methane-rich gas inclusions (Raman peak near 2917 cm⁻¹). Carbonate U–Pb ages constrain dolomite precipitation to the Middle Ordovician (~468–463 Ma) and hydrothermal-related carbonate filling to the Early Triassic (~247–244 Ma). Collectively, these results support a time-resolved evolution in which early diagenetic fluid circulation in a marine carbonate system was overprinted by a later hydrothermal pulse that modified pore structures and thermal conditions, followed by late-stage deep burial leading to cracking of retained liquids, widespread bitumen formation, and methane charging. This framework provides new information on the constraints for fluid–rock interaction and hydrocarbon evolution in deep marine carbonate successions. Full article

The Quemocuo area in the Qiangtang Basin is a key prospect for permafrost gas hydrate exploration in China. This study investigates source-reservoir-caprock characteristics and their control on gas hydrate accumulation based on drilling results from wells QK-8 and QK-9, integrated with multiple analytical methods. Two high-quality marine source rocks with cumulative thickness ~1000 m exhibit TOC values of 0.74–2.5%, Type II₂ kerogen, and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of 1.37–2.94%, indicating high to over-mature thermal evolution primarily generating dry thermogenic methane. Gas logging shows hydrocarbon anomalies with a maximum desorbed gas content of 90 mL, confirming strong gas generation capacity. Although reservoir matrix properties are poor (porosity mostly <5%, permeability < 0.2 × 10⁻³ μm²), multi-phase tectonics and dissolution formed a secondary fracture-vug system. Permafrost conditions are favorable (thickness 100–120 m; geothermal gradient 4.5–4.7 °C/100 m), with extremely low permeability at high ice saturations, forming an effective multi-level seal together with thick mudstones. A key novel finding is the significant mixing of biogenic and thermogenic gases, with the biogenic component interpreted to originate from overlying Jurassic-Quaternary low-maturity strata, facilitated by late tectonic uplift and fault conduits. NW-trending faults connect deep thermogenic reservoirs and provide pathways for shallow biogenic gas migration. For the first time, this study establishes a region-specific composite accumulation model for the Qiangtang Basin, characterized by “lower generation and upper storage, fault-fracture conduit and permafrost sealing”, which reveals fault-controlled migration, fracture-vug-controlled storage, permafrost-controlled sealing, and mixed gas enrichment under a high geothermal gradient. Full article

Solidago gigantea Aiton is an invasive plant species rich in bioactive secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to characterize the phytochemical profile of an ethanolic S. gigantea extract and to evaluate its antibacterial and chemoprotective potential using in vitro models. Chemical analysis revealed a high content of phenolic compounds, dominated by chlorogenic acid, along with other phenolic acids and flavonoids, including rutin and quercitrin. The extract also contained saponins and a diverse lipophilic fraction composed of long-chain hydrocarbons, alcohols, fatty acids, phytosterols, and triterpenoids. The extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains, while Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts were less susceptible. In cancer cell models, the extract showed selective antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects, particularly in colorectal and breast cancer cell lines, including doxorubicin-resistant phenotypes, with minimal effects on normal fibroblasts. The extract also showed antioxidant and cytoprotective properties, reflected by a reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species under both basal and oxidative stress conditions. Increased accumulation of rhodamine 123 in resistant cancer cells suggested a potential inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux. Overall, the results indicate that S. gigantea extract exhibits multi-target biological activity associated with its polyphenolic composition, supporting its potential application in chemoprevention, adjuvant cancer therapy, and the control of Gram-positive bacterial infections. Full article

Isoprene, a highly volatile hydrocarbon with numerous industrial applications, has traditionally been produced from petrochemical sources through processes associated with significant environmental impacts. Microbial production of isoprene has emerged as a promising and more sustainable alternative. In this study, the potential of the non-conventional yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus to produce isoprene from a renewable feedstock was explored, contributing to the development of a more sustainable process. K. marxianus was engineered to produce isoprene from glucose through the expression of an isoprene synthase gene, and the gene copy number of this enzyme was found to significantly influence isoprene production. Furthermore, enhancing the supply of the isoprene precursors acetyl-CoA and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) via engineering of the mevalonate pathway led to increased production. A higher headspace-to-culture ratio in sealed serum bottles also facilitated isoprene accumulation. Importantly, isoprene production was achieved from the cellulosic fraction of pretreated Eucalyptus globulus wood. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isoprene production in K. marxianus using a lignocellulosic feedstock, providing proof of concept for its potential in integrated processes based on sustainable substrates under stressful conditions. Full article

In the northern Norwegian North Sea, the Lower Paleogene post-rift succession constitutes an underexplored interval with considerable potential for stratigraphic petroleum plays. Nevertheless, predicting its subsurface prospectivity remains hindered by persistent uncertainties in facies architecture, depositional heterogeneity, and reservoir quality. To address these uncertainties, the present study integrates relative geologic time (RGT)-based seismic stratigraphic interpretation, spectral decomposition, sedimentary facies analysis, and litho-saturation assessment, primarily constrained by seismic and well-log datasets, to evaluate the Paleocene post-rift Lista Formation in the northern Norwegian North Sea. The results reveal the presence of Paleocene mass-transport deposit (MTD) complexes associated with axial lobe sandstones of submarine fan systems. These MTD complexes exhibit pronounced vertical and lateral facies transitions into low-density turbidites, debrites, and hemipelagic drapes, together forming an effective stratigraphic framework for hydrocarbon entrapment. Although the Lista submarine-fan sandstones are relatively thin, typically ranging from a few centimeters to decimeters in thickness, they display favorable reservoir characteristics. Litho-saturation analysis indicates preserved porosity and low water saturation (<20%), supporting their potential as effective hydrocarbon storage intervals. Distal fan-lobe sandstones, despite their limited thickness, show encouraging reservoir quality, whereas thicker low stand systems tract (LST) accumulations and time-equivalent carbonate mound complexes appear to have developed within more proximal structural domains. This proximal-to-distal facies organization reflects the dynamic interaction between tectonically inherited accommodation space and sediment-routing pathways during the early Paleocene. Overall, the findings highlight the significant petroleum prospectivity of the Paleocene post-rift succession in the northern Norwegian North Sea. The stratigraphic juxtaposition of sand-prone submarine-fan lobes against hemipelagic sealing intervals, combined with heterogeneity imposed by syn-rift structural inheritance, generates a highly favorable architecture for stratigraphic trapping. More broadly, the integrated workflow presented here enhances the predictive mapping of subtle stratigraphic traps within post-rift successions and provides a robust framework for reducing exploration uncertainty in analogous basins. Full article

Hyper-arid marine ecosystems, characterized by extreme environmental conditions, are experiencing intensified stress from the synergistic effects of climate change and pollution. This review synthesizes current knowledge on these interactions in Qatar’s coastal waters, serving as a model system for the Arabian Gulf. We document significant accumulations of heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, microplastics, and emerging contaminants near urban and industrial zones. The region’s rapid warming, hypersalinity, and restricted circulation amplify pollutant toxicity through mechanisms such as increased bioavailability, oxidative stress, and impaired physiological responses. These synergies elevate mortality in sensitive species by 50–100% compared to single stressors, push organisms beyond their physiological limits, and trigger biodiversity loss. As an example, given a baseline of around USD 148 million, a 30% decrease in exploitable fish biomass might result in an annual loss of approximately USD 45 million in the value of Qatar’s fisheries and aquaculture industry. Despite growing evidence, critical gaps persist in understanding mixture toxicity under Gulf-specific extremes, endocrine and neurobehavioral endpoints, and quantitative ecosystem service valuations. We conclude by highlighting emerging solutions, including IoT-based monitoring, AI-driven forecasting, and nature-based remediation, as pathways to enhance resilience under accelerating environmental change. These findings have important implications for marine ecosystem sustainability, food security, and sustainable coastal management in Qatar and other hyper-arid regions. This synthesis establishes Qatar’s coastal ecosystem as a global model for understanding climate–pollution feedback in hyper-arid seas. Full article

The persistence and hazardous potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with compounds such as anthracene and phenanthrene, raise significant concerns about human health and environmental safety. PAHs are ubiquitous environmental pollutants originating from natural processes and anthropogenic activities, notably fossil fuel combustion. Due to their stability, they tend to accumulate in ecosystems, posing risks to wildlife and human health through bioaccumulation and potential carcinogenicity. Conventional remediation techniques, such as physical adsorption and biological treatment, often fall short in their efficiency and long-term sustainability. Thus, there is an urgent need for innovative methods that can effectively degrade these persistent organic pollutants. Here, we reviewed recent advancements in the photocatalytic degradation of anthracene and phenanthrene, with a focus on metal oxide-based nanocomposites. The major points were: (1) Metal oxides such as TiO₂, ZnO, and CuO, recognized for their photocatalytic properties (they show significantly enhanced efficiency when utilized as a part of nanocomposites, primarily due to the improved charge separation, increased surface area, and numerous active sites); (2) The review of the photocatalytic mechanisms involved in PAH degradation, particularly through the generation of reactive oxygen species that can break down anthracene and phenanthrene into less harmful compounds; and (3) The insights into the formed intermediates and reaction pathways, which can help to deepen the understanding of PAH breakdown and support the design of more efficient catalytic systems for future environmental remediation applications. Full article

Differential enrichment of shale oil hydrocarbon fractions exerts a fundamental control on the spatial distribution of “sweet spots” and the efficiency of unconventional resource recovery. This study investigates the continental shales of the Upper Es4 Member in the Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, through an integrated analytical framework combining Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and high-pressure mercury intrusion. By moving beyond qualitative observations, we characterize the micro-scale partitioning of light and heavy fractions and establish a deterministic hierarchy of controlling factors. Our results indicate the following. (1) Mineral composition functions as a “primary geochemical filter,” where carbonate minerals exhibit a preferential adsorption affinity for light fractions (≤ C₁₈), while clay minerals facilitate the selective retention of heavy components (> C₁₈). (2) Pore–throat architecture acts as a “secondary mobility modulator.” A statistically significant linear correlation (R² = 0.72, p < 0.05) was identified between mean pore diameter and the light-to-heavy fluorescence ratio, suggesting that interconnected macropores in carbonate laminae provide low-resistance conduits for light oil accumulation, whereas isolated mesopores in argillaceous matrices promote heavy-component sequestration. (3) Thermal maturity (Ro) drives a progressive shift in the light-to-heavy ratio, enhancing oil fluidity and regulating the transition from adsorption-dominated to migration-dominated enrichment. This study clarifies the lithofacies-dependent coupling mechanisms between mineral diagenesis and pore-scale fractionation, providing a semi-quantitative conceptual model for shale oil sweet-spot prediction in complex lacustrine basins. Full article

Since the Mesozoic, the Chengdao-Zhuanghai area of the Jiyang Depression in eastern China has undergone multiple tectonic movements, leading to extensive fault development in Mesozoic strata. This study analyzes fault features and evolution using seismic, well logging, and mud logging data to clarify the major characteristics of Mesozoic faults and the impact of their sealing capacity on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. It quantitatively evaluates sealing capacity using a fuzzy evaluation method based on fault plane effective normal stress, shale gouge ratio, and tightness factor, and discusses hydrocarbon-related impacts using well testing and production data. The results showed that the major faults are secondary and tertiary normal faults, predominantly ramp-flat or listric in cross section, with NW, NNW, NNE (NE), and nearly EW strikes and dips of 50–70°; the Chengbei Fault has the largest throw (2–3.2 km) and the longest extension (45.94 km). These faults transition from reverse to normal during Fangzi Formation deposition. The Chengbei 30 North and 304 Faults exhibit poor sealing capacity (hydrocarbon migration), whereas the Chengbei, Chengbei 20, Chengbei 30 South, and Zhuanghai 104 South Faults exhibit good sealing capacity (trap formation and hydrocarbon entrapment). This study provides guidance for the exploration of hydrocarbon-enriched fault block reservoirs near major faults. Full article