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Keywords = glutides and gliptins

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25 pages, 3526 KB  
Review
Metabolism and Chemical Degradation of New Antidiabetic Drugs: A Review of Analytical Approaches for Analysis of Glutides and Gliflozins
by Anna Gumieniczek and Anna Berecka-Rycerz
Biomedicines 2023, 11(8), 2127; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082127 - 27 Jul 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5766
Abstract
The drug metabolism and drug degradation pathways may overlap, resulting in the formation of similar constituents. Therefore, the metabolism data can be helpful for deriving safe levels of degradation impurities and improving the quality of respective pharmaceutical products. The present article contains considerations [...] Read more.
The drug metabolism and drug degradation pathways may overlap, resulting in the formation of similar constituents. Therefore, the metabolism data can be helpful for deriving safe levels of degradation impurities and improving the quality of respective pharmaceutical products. The present article contains considerations on possible links between metabolic and degradation pathways for new antidiabetic drugs such as glutides, gliflozins, and gliptins. Special attention was paid to their reported metabolites and identified degradation products. At the same time, many interesting analytical approaches to conducting metabolism as well as degradation experiments were mentioned, including chromatographic methods and radioactive labeling of the drugs. The review addresses the analytical approaches elaborated for examining the metabolism and degradation pathways of glutides, i.e., glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and gliflozins, i.e., sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. The problems associated with the chromatographic analysis of the peptide compounds (glutides) and the polar drugs (gliflozins) were addressed. Furthermore, issues related to in vitro experiments and the use of stable isotopes were discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Drug Metabolism in Europe)
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29 pages, 13007 KB  
Review
Metabolism and Chemical Degradation of New Antidiabetic Drugs (Part II): A Review of Analytical Approaches for Analysis of Gliptins
by Anna Gumieniczek and Anna Berecka-Rycerz
Biomedicines 2023, 11(7), 1956; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071956 - 11 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3333
Abstract
This paper is part II of the review on metabolism and chemical degradation of new antidiabetic drugs from glutides, gliflozins and gliptins. It is well known that metabolism data can be helpful for deriving safe levels of degradation impurities and their qualifying as [...] Read more.
This paper is part II of the review on metabolism and chemical degradation of new antidiabetic drugs from glutides, gliflozins and gliptins. It is well known that metabolism data can be helpful for deriving safe levels of degradation impurities and their qualifying as far as toxicological aspects are concerned. As a result, it could link the quality of respective pharmaceutical products to clinical practice and patients. Some overlapping pathways of transformations of these important drugs of different chemical structures and different mechanisms of action were discussed. At the same time, the paper summarized interesting analytical tools for conducting modern drug metabolism as well as drug degradation experiments. The methods described here include liquid chromatography (LC) and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS or LC-MS/MS), which are widely used for detection and quantitative measurements of the drugs, their metabolites and degradants, as well as radiometric methods that are suitable for pharmacokinetic experiments. Special attention was paid to dedicated types of packing in chromatographic columns, as well as to special solutions in the LC-MS procedures. The present part addresses the analytical approaches elaborated for examining the metabolism and degradation pathways of gliptins that are dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Drug Metabolism in Europe)
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