Copper content in copper smelter slag exceeds that in copper ores, which has attracted increasing interest to recover copper from this by-product of pyrometallurgical copper production. The isopropanol-sulfuric acid-ozone system has been tested under...
Due to the emission of hazardous chemicals and heat, the traditional smelting method used to extract critical minerals from ore and mine slag/tailings is considered bad for the environment. An environmentally friendly procedure that can stabilize sul...
Thionocarbamates are the group of collectors that are mostly used for flotation of sulphide copper minerals, alone or in combination with xanthates depending on a mineralogical composition of the ore. In this paper, the results of the study of applic...
The significant volume of copper smelting slags poses environmental challenges, particularly concerning soil and surface water contamination. However, these slags contain valuable elements such as copper and iron, the recovery of which can contribute...
The cooling paths and kinetics in the system Cu-Fe-O are investigated by the empirical micro- and nanoscale analysis of slags from the flash furnace smelter at Olympic Dam, South Australia. We aim to constrain the exsolution mechanism of delafossite...
This article focuses on the problem of processing slag waste from non-ferrous metallurgy, in particular, the loss of copper, gold and silver with slag during autogenous smelting in the Vanyukov furnace at the Balkhash Copper Smelter (BMZ). An analysi...
Annually, hundreds of thousands of tons of slags are involved in the reverberator and flash smelting as well as converting operations of Cu-Fe sulfide concentrates to produce matte in the Sar Cheshmeh copper smelter plant, Iran, disposed in the landf...
In pursuit of carbon neutrality, the demand for metals that are necessary for the development of clean energy technologies is rapidly increasing. Metallurgical waste, such as slag, presents a promising secondary source of these key metals. This resea...
Sensors and process control systems are essential for process automation and optimization. Many sectors have adapted to the Industry 4.0 paradigm, but copper smelters remain hesitant to implement these technologies without appropriate justification,...
The current research on metallurgical remains from scientific excavations in northeast Yunnan from the Bronze Age period is insufficient. In order to study the smelting technology of the Bronze Age in north-eastern Yunnan, samples of slag and mineral...
Arsenic removal is a crucial issue in all copper smelters. Based on the Fangyuan 1# smelter, the effects of major elements (Cu, Fe and S) in sulfide concentrates on arsenic removal in the SKS copper smelting process were studied in this paper. The re...
This research was conducted on historical copper slags from Leszczyna and Kondratów in Lower Silesia, Poland. The area, formerly known as the Old Copper Basin, was a mining and smelting centre between the 18th and 20th centuries, with a dominant peri...
Custom copper smelters, which are dependent on purchased concentrates, are facing increasing economic pressures amid falling treatment and refining fees. With the declining availability of high-grade, low-impurity concentrates, copper demand is expec...
This study explored the behavior of lead, copper, and iron during the leaching process of flash smelting slag from direct-to-blister copper flash smelting using l-ascorbic acid solutions. Flash smelting slag is generated in considerable quantities by...
The study object was slag from the Balkhash copper smelter, obtained by re-melting anode mud containing nonferrous metals. The process flow for processing these slags includes sintering with Na2SO4, Na2CO3, and coal, followed by soda-alkaline leachin...
The zinc in the fayalite slag of copper smelters, in which Zn-containing raw materials are used, is mainly found to be in oxidic phases, such as glassy iron silicate. During the slag water granulation process, the molten slag is heated, whereby the g...
The depleting and increasingly complex mineral resources bring challenges into the area of metal production, bringing new boundary conditions to the smelting and refining processes. Thermodynamics of phases and equilibria are the key to the analysis...
Copper anode slime (CAS) contains high concentrations of precious metals, particularly gold, which can reach up to 11 wt%. During copper anode electrorefining, 5–10 kg of CAS is generated per ton of copper cathode. Processing CAS is crucial for...
The control of arsenic, a toxic and carcinogenic element, is an important issue for all copper smelters. In this work, the reaction mechanism and distribution behavior of arsenic in the bottom blown copper smelting process (SKS process) were investig...
The depletion of the ore reserves in the world necessitates the search for secondary sources such as waste products (tailings and slag). The treatment and cleaning up of such secondary sources also has a positive impact on the environment. A smelter...
In Part II of this series of review papers, the reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics, slag chemistry and process flowsheets are analyzed concerning cases where the TSL bath smelter has found its application. These include the primary and secondary pro...