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Search Results (5)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = cold reclaimed asphalt mixture (CRAM)

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17 pages, 1228 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Modulus Regression Models for Cold Recycled Asphalt Mixtures
by João Meneses, Kamilla Vasconcelos, Kazuo Kuchiishi and Liedi Bernucci
Infrastructures 2025, 10(6), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures10060143 - 10 Jun 2025
Viewed by 322
Abstract
Cold recycling is an advantageous technique from economic and environmental perspectives for asphalt pavement rehabilitation, interventions, and maintenance. This work covered the investigation of dynamic modulus (|E*|) test models and their effects on cold recycled asphalt mixture (CRAM) |E*| data fitting, considering different [...] Read more.
Cold recycling is an advantageous technique from economic and environmental perspectives for asphalt pavement rehabilitation, interventions, and maintenance. This work covered the investigation of dynamic modulus (|E*|) test models and their effects on cold recycled asphalt mixture (CRAM) |E*| data fitting, considering different mixture parameters such as asphalt binder type and content, active filler type and content, aggregate gradation, reclaimed asphalt pavement content, and curing conditions. Multiple mixtures from a dynamic modulus test database were fitted using six different regression models and the results were analyzed by means of different residuals analysis. Finally, the effects of CRAM composition on |E*| data were graphically assessed. For the analyzed specimens, two models were found to be the most adequate for CRAM’s |E*| data regression. The analysis of CRAM composition showed a strong relation between the compaction method and the stiffness of CRAMs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold and Warm Techniques for Sustainable Pavement Construction and Maintenance)
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17 pages, 4862 KiB  
Article
Influence of Curing Time on the Mechanical Behavior of Cold Recycled Bituminous Mix in Flexible Pavement Base Layer
by Lisley Madeira Coelho, Rafael Pereira Kox, Antônio Carlos Rodrigues Guimarães, Rafael Travincas and Sergio Neves Monteiro
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7612; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177612 - 28 Aug 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1388
Abstract
This study examined the mechanical behavior characteristics of cold recycled emulsified asphalt bases with RAP 76% and emulsified asphalt 3%, in different cure time, i.e., 0, 7, 14 and 28 days and evaluated in terms of the resilient modulus (RM) and permanent deformation [...] Read more.
This study examined the mechanical behavior characteristics of cold recycled emulsified asphalt bases with RAP 76% and emulsified asphalt 3%, in different cure time, i.e., 0, 7, 14 and 28 days and evaluated in terms of the resilient modulus (RM) and permanent deformation (PD) based on repeated load triaxial tests. The results demonstrated that in the first 7 days, the RM increased by 80% compared to the freshly compacted material and after this period, the subsequent increases were not as significant, ranging, from 10.9% to 19.4%, that shows that initical cure time significantly influences the RM behavior of the mixtures. However, the mixtures showed considerable permanent deformations, even after 28 days of curing. This indicates that the use of asphalt emulsion, with prolonged curing, improves the mechanical properties of the mixture but does not entirely resolve the issue of permanent deformation in cold reclaimed asphalt mixture (CRAM). The plastic deformation behavior observed in the triaxial tests must be taken into account when designing pavements containing RAP and asphalt emulsion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Asphalt Pavement and Road Construction)
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16 pages, 3273 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Cold Recycled Asphalt Mixtures including Reinforcing Fibers
by Carlo Carpani, Edoardo Bocci and Maurizio Bocci
Sustainability 2023, 15(23), 16209; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316209 - 22 Nov 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2031
Abstract
In recent years, cold recycling techniques have been widely used all over the world thanks to their huge environmental advantages. However, their performances are lower than the traditional hot-mix asphalt, both for the longer time to develop the final mechanical properties, which leads [...] Read more.
In recent years, cold recycling techniques have been widely used all over the world thanks to their huge environmental advantages. However, their performances are lower than the traditional hot-mix asphalt, both for the longer time to develop the final mechanical properties, which leads to delays in the reopening to road traffic, and for the lower fatigue resistance. The present paper deals with the characterization of cold recycled asphalt mixtures (CRAM), made with 100% reclaimed asphalt pavement, where synthetic fibers were included to improve the fatigue performance. The investigation involved the analysis of the curing time, volumetric properties, stiffness, strength, rheological behavior and resistance to cyclic loading. The results showed that the use of synthetic fiber, with the optimum dosage, determined a higher CRAM performance, especially in terms of fatigue resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Pavement Materials and Design)
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19 pages, 6054 KiB  
Article
Comparing the Field and Laboratory Curing Behaviour of Cold Recycled Asphalt Mixtures for Binder Courses
by Gilda Ferrotti, Andrea Grilli, Chiara Mignini and Andrea Graziani
Materials 2020, 13(21), 4697; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214697 - 22 Oct 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2601
Abstract
The cold recycling of reclaimed asphalt (RA) for the rehabilitation of end-of-life pavements is becoming very common. Cold recycled asphalt mixtures (CRAMs) are characterised by a curing time, required to reach the material design mechanical performance. Since the laboratory simulation of the long-term [...] Read more.
The cold recycling of reclaimed asphalt (RA) for the rehabilitation of end-of-life pavements is becoming very common. Cold recycled asphalt mixtures (CRAMs) are characterised by a curing time, required to reach the material design mechanical performance. Since the laboratory simulation of the long-term field curing is not yet a standardised procedure, a CRAM was laid as binder course in a full-scale trial section that was monitored for more than two years. The comparison between field curing and oven-curing in laboratory at 40 °C was performed by carrying out indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM), indirect tensile strength (ITS) and complex modulus tests, as well as measurements of the air voids content. The evolution of the ITSM as a function of the curing time (field/oven-curing) was obtained for both gyratory specimens and cores taken from the trial section at different time periods. Results showed that the material stiffness development can be accelerated with a small effect on its long-term value if oven-curing is applied a few days/weeks after compaction. A linear relationship was found between the ITS measured on the cores and their air voids content. Finally, the complex modulus tests confirmed that CRAMs provide an intermediate behaviour between asphalt concrete mixtures and cement-bound mixtures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization of Innovative Asphalt Materials for Use in Pavement Design and Analysis)
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20 pages, 7024 KiB  
Article
Effects of Cement and Emulsified Asphalt on Properties of Mastics and 100% Cold Recycled Asphalt Mixtures
by Yanan Li, Yuchao Lyv, Liang Fan and Yuzhen Zhang
Materials 2019, 12(5), 754; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12050754 - 5 Mar 2019
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 4235
Abstract
Cold recycled asphalt mixtures (CRAM) are a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly way to reuse reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). This paper evaluates the rheological properties and microstructure of mineral filler-asphalt mastic, mineral filler-residue mastic, and cement-residue mastic. Then, based on the premise of using 100% [...] Read more.
Cold recycled asphalt mixtures (CRAM) are a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly way to reuse reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). This paper evaluates the rheological properties and microstructure of mineral filler-asphalt mastic, mineral filler-residue mastic, and cement-residue mastic. Then, based on the premise of using 100% RAP with a gradation that was determined experimentally, the effects of emulsified asphalt and cement on the porosity, indirect tensile strength, tensile strength ratio, dynamic stability, and mechanical properties of CRAM were evaluated. It was found that the rheological properties and cohesive coefficient of the cement-residue mastic varied differently to those of the first two types of mastic and the results show that the addition of cement can greatly improve the interfacial bonding between binders and fillers in the mastic, thereby improving the water damage resistance and high-temperature stability of CRAM. The relationships between cement content and the dynamic modulus and phase angle of CRAM are different to that for emulsified asphalt obviously. In addition, under certain conditions, the properties of CRAM can meet the requirements of relevant technical specifications for its application to subsurface layer of pavement. Hence, the use of 100% RAP in CRAM may be feasible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environment-Friendly Construction Materials)
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