Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is divided into the following four clinical subtypes: acute CLE (ACLE), subacute (SCLE), chronic CLE (CCLE) and lupus erythematosus tumidus (LET). The aim of this study was to describe the dermoscopic patterns of C...
Tumid lupus erythematosus (TLE) has been the subject of heated debate regarding its correct nosographic classification. The definition of TLE has changed over time, varying according to the different studies performed. In this review, we address the...
Objective: Anifrolumab is approved for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Its off-label use in non-systemic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (NSCLE) remains poorly characterized. We aimed to assess its effectiveness and safety in refractory NSCLE, supp...
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) in humans encompasses multiple subtypes that exhibit a wide array of skin lesions and, in some cases, are associated with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated dogs with exfoliative...
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a multifactorial etiology in which genetic and environmental factors interplay. An exclusively cutaneous condition has been described and defined as cutaneous lupus e...
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that impacts multiple organs. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of SLE is about 19 per 100,000 people, primarily affecting women at a 9:1 ratio. This study aimed to estimat...
Senear–Usher syndrome, or pemphigus erythematosus (PE), is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the coexistence of features from both lupus erythematosus (LE) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF). We describe a 41-year-old patient initially diag...
Lupus erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease with complex etiology. LE may present as a systemic disorder affecting multiple organs or be limited solely to the skin. Cutaneous LE (CLE) manifests with a wide range of skin lesions div...
Human cathelicidin LL37 is a cationic antimicrobial peptide active against bacteria and viruses and exerting immune modulatory functions. LL37 can be also a target of autoreactive B- and T-lymphocytes in autoimmune settings. Irreversible post-transla...
Background/Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease frequently complicated by hematologic abnormalities, which may reflect disease activity or treatment effects. To characterize the clinical, laborato...
Hypertrophic lichen planus (HLP) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition defined by verrucous, pruritic, papules and plaques usually affecting the lower limbs. The diagnosis of HLP is primarily clinical. However, due to its feasible generalized pres...
Skin is the forestage for a series of many-sided functions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine with staggering versatility and sizable implications for tissue homeostasis, immune responses, angiogenesis, apoptosis...
B lymphocytes are crucial mediators of systemic immune responses and are known to be substantial in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases with cutaneous manifestations. Amongst them are lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis and p...
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic cutaneous disease of unknown etiology and of immunoinflammatory origin that is characterized by inflammatory plaques and may lead to disfiguring scarring and skin atrophy. Current treatments are limited,...
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder with limited therapeutic options, particularly for refractory discoid lupus (DLE), which often results in scarring and atrophy. Recent studies have identified miR-31, miR-485-3...
Pili torti is a rare condition characterized by the presence of the hair shaft, which is flattened at irregular intervals and twisted 180° along its long axis. It is a form of hair shaft disorder with increased fragility. The condition is classified...
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) may play a relevant role as inducers in the chronic inflammatory pathway present in immune-mediated diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). AGEs concentrations have been associated, with discrepant...
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) is involved in the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines that mediate several chronic inflammatory disorders, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In recent years, the therapeutic armamentarium in dermatology has expand...
Skin inflammation occurs due to immune dysregulation because of internal disorders, infections, and allergic reactions. The inflammation of the skin is a major sign of chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD...
Background/Objectives: Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a complex autoimmune skin disease driven by genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and immune dysregulation. Environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation, smoking, and cert...