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Search Results (3)

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Keywords = cervical mucus plug

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22 pages, 3430 KiB  
Article
Proteome Mapping of Cervical Mucus and Its Potential as a Source of Biomarkers in Female Tract Disorders
by Tomáš Oždian, Jan Vodička, Jiří Dostál, Dušan Holub, Jana Václavková, Michal Ješeta, Barbora Hamerníková, Pavla Kouřilová, Ondřej Malchar, Vladimír Dvořák, Pavel Hejtmánek, Kateřina Sobková, Pavel Ventruba, Radovan Pilka, Petr Džubák and Marián Hajdúch
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 1038; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021038 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4345
Abstract
Cervical mucus (CM) is a viscous fluid that is produced by the cervical glands and functions as a uterine cervix plug. Its viscosity decreases during ovulation, providing a window for non-invasive sampling. This study focuses on proteomic characterization of CM to evaluate its [...] Read more.
Cervical mucus (CM) is a viscous fluid that is produced by the cervical glands and functions as a uterine cervix plug. Its viscosity decreases during ovulation, providing a window for non-invasive sampling. This study focuses on proteomic characterization of CM to evaluate its potential as a non-invasively acquired source of biomarkers and in understanding of molecular (patho)physiology of the female genital tract. The first objective of this work was to optimize experimental workflow for CM processing and the second was to assess differences in the proteomic composition of CM during natural ovulatory cycles obtained from intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles and in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Proteomic analysis of CM samples revealed 4370 proteins involved in processes including neutrophil degranulation, cellular stress responses, and hemostasis. Differential expression analysis revealed 199 proteins enriched in IUI samples and 422 enriched in IVF. The proteins enriched in IUI were involved in phosphatidic acid synthesis, responses to external stimulus, and neutrophil degranulation, while those enriched in IVF samples were linked to neutrophil degranulation, formation of a cornified envelope and hemostasis. Subsequent analyses clarified the protein composition of the CM and how it is altered by hormonal stimulation of the uterus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Reproductive Biology and Related Diseases)
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8 pages, 845 KiB  
Communication
Vaginal, Cervical and Uterine pH in Women with Normal and Abnormal Vaginal Microbiota
by Malene Risager Lykke, Naja Becher, Thor Haahr, Ebbe Boedtkjer, Jørgen Skov Jensen and Niels Uldbjerg
Pathogens 2021, 10(2), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020090 - 20 Jan 2021
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 5822
Abstract
Introduction: Healthy women of reproductive age have a vaginal pH around 4.5, whereas little is known about pH in the upper genital tract. A shift in the vaginal microbiota may result in an elevated pH in the upper genital tract. This might contribute [...] Read more.
Introduction: Healthy women of reproductive age have a vaginal pH around 4.5, whereas little is known about pH in the upper genital tract. A shift in the vaginal microbiota may result in an elevated pH in the upper genital tract. This might contribute to decreased fertility and increased risk of preterm birth. Therefore, we aimed to measure pH in different compartments of the female genital tract in both nonpregnant and pregnant women, stratifying into a normal and abnormal vaginal microbiota. Material and methods: In this descriptive study, we included 6 nonpregnant, 12 early-pregnant, and 8 term-pregnant women. A pH gradient was recorded with a flexible pH probe. An abnormal vaginal microbiota was diagnosed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique for Atopobium vaginae; Sneathia sanguinegens; Leptotrichia amnionii; bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 1, 2, 3, and TM7; and Prevotella spp. among others. Results: In all participants we found the pH gradient in the lower reproductive canal to be most acidic in the lower vagina and most alkaline in the upper uterine cavity. Women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota had an increased pH in the lower vagina compared to the other groups. Conclusions: There is a pronounced pH gradient within the female genital tract. This gradient is not disrupted in women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaginal Bacteria from the Genus Gardnerella)
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23 pages, 2041 KiB  
Review
The Cervicovaginal Mucus Barrier
by Guillaume Lacroix, Valérie Gouyer, Frédéric Gottrand and Jean-Luc Desseyn
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(21), 8266; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218266 - 4 Nov 2020
Cited by 88 | Viewed by 16838
Abstract
Preterm births are a global health priority that affects 15 million babies every year worldwide. There are no effective prognostic and therapeutic strategies relating to preterm delivery, but uterine infections appear to be a major cause. The vaginal epithelium is covered by the [...] Read more.
Preterm births are a global health priority that affects 15 million babies every year worldwide. There are no effective prognostic and therapeutic strategies relating to preterm delivery, but uterine infections appear to be a major cause. The vaginal epithelium is covered by the cervicovaginal mucus, which is essential to health because of its direct involvement in reproduction and functions as a selective barrier by sheltering the beneficial lactobacilli while helping to clear pathogens. During pregnancy, the cervical canal is sealed with a cervical mucus plug that prevents the vaginal flora from ascending toward the uterine compartment, which protects the fetus from pathogens. Abnormalities of the cervical mucus plug and bacterial vaginosis are associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery. This review addresses the current understanding of the cervicovaginal mucus and the cervical mucus plug and their interactions with the microbial communities in both the physiological state and bacterial vaginosis, with a focus on gel-forming mucins. We also review the current state of knowledge of gel-forming mucins contained in mouse cervicovaginal mucus and the mouse models used to study bacterial vaginosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis of Pregnancy-Related Complications 2.0)
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