The repurposing of previously clinically approved drugs as an alternative therapeutic approach to treating disease has gained significant attention in recent years. A multitude of studies have demonstrated various and successful therapeutic intervent...
Molecules involved in drug resistance can be targeted for better therapeutic efficacies. Research on midkine (MDK) has escalated in the last few decades, which affirms a positive correlation between disease progression and MDK expression in most canc...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a usual digestive tract malignancy and the third main cause of cancer death around the world, with a high occurrence rate and mortality rate. Conventional therapies for CRC have certain side effects and restrictions. Howeve...
ErbB2 is a type of receptor tyrosine kinase, which is known to be involved in tumorigenesis, tumor aggressiveness, and clinical outcome. ErbB2-targeting therapy using therapeutic antibodies has been successful in breast cancer treatment. However, the...
Targeted tumour therapy has proved to be an efficient alternative to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Among several receptors upregulated in cancer cells, the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R) has recently emerged as a...
Lung cancer is the second-most common cancer and has the highest mortality among all cancer types. Nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery systems have been used to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of lung cancer, but rapid clearance and poor targeting...
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are molecules that selectively degrade a protein of interest (POI). The incorporation of ligands that recruit mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) into PROTACs, forming the so-called MDM2-based PROTACs, has shown prom...
The conception of novel anticancer delivery systems and the combination of chronobiology with nanotechnology may provide a powerful tool to optimize cancer therapy. In this work, polyethylenimine (PEI) has been used to complex p53 encoded plasmid DNA...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant forms. TNBC is an aggressive and therapeutically resistant subtype of breast cancer, marked by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors....
A promising molecular target for aggressive cancers is the urokinase receptor (uPAR). A fully human, recombinant antibody that binds uPAR to form a stable complex that blocks uPA-uPAR interactions (2G10) and is internalized primarily through endocyto...
Background: Nanomedicine approaches for cancer therapy face significant challenges, including a poor tumor accumulation, limited therapeutic efficacy, and systemic toxicity. We hypothesized that controlling the clustering of poly(acrylic acid-co-male...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subgroup of breast cancers which is treated mainly with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was considered to be frequently expressed in TNBC, and therefore was...
Cancer is a major public health problem and one of the leading causes of death. However, traditional cancer therapy may damage normal cells and cause side effects. Many targeted drug delivery platforms have been developed to overcome the limitations...
Cancer is a complex disease affecting millions of people worldwide, with over a hundred clinically approved drugs available. In order to improve therapy, treatment, and response, it is essential to draw better maps of the targets of cancer drugs and...
Cancer is a significant health challenge globally, with millions of people affected every year, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Although other treatment options are available with limitations, chemotherapy, either standalone or combined wi...
The development of targeted therapies has revolutionized cancer treatment, offering improved efficacy with reduced side effects compared with traditional chemotherapy. This review highlights the current landscape of targeted therapy in lung cancer, c...
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is a destructive malignancy due to difficulties in early detection and late advanced-stage diagnoses, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates for women. Currently, the quality treatment for OvCa includes tumor debulking su...
Background: Defining specific molecular targets for cancer therapeutics remains a significant challenge in oncology. Many Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anticancer drugs have incomplete target profiles, which limits our understanding of...
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a potential and promising therapy for a wide variety of cancers, including breast cancer. ADC-based drugs represent a rapidly growing field of breast cancer therapy. Various ADC drug therapies have progressed...
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among women, which seriously threatens women’s health. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, characterized by poor prognosis, is an aggressive phenotype...
Polymer–drug conjugates (PDCs) have shown great promise in enhancing the efficacy and safety of cancer therapy. These conjugates combine the advantageous properties of both polymers and drugs, leading to improved pharmacokinetics, controlled dr...
Undesirable side effects and multidrug tolerance are the main holdbacks to the treatment of cancer in conventional chemotherapy. Fortunately, targeted drug delivery can improve the enrichment of drugs at the target site and reduce toxicity to normal...
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells that can initiate, self-renew, and sustain tumor growth. CSCs are responsible for tumor metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance in cancer therapy. CSCs reside within a niche maintained by mult...
Esophageal cancer is a formidable challenge in the realm of cancer treatment. Conventional methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy have demonstrated limited success rates in managing this disease. In response, targeted drug therapies...
The treatment of bone cancer involves tumor resection followed by bone reconstruction of the defect caused by the tumor using biomaterials. Additionally, post-surgery protocols cover chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or drug administration, which are emplo...
We review drug conjugates combining a tumor-selective moiety with a cytotoxic agent as cancer treatments. Currently, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are the most common drug conjugates used clinically as cancer treatments. While providing both effica...
Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is widely expressed in various organs and associated with cardiovascular and immune diseases. Lately, the interest in studies on TRPM4 in cancer has increased. Thus far, TRPM4 has been investigated in...
Cancer is a top global public health concern. At present, molecular targeted therapy has emerged as one of the main therapies for cancer, with high efficacy and safety. The medical world continues to struggle with the development of efficient, extrem...
Ovarian cancer remains one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies, primarily due to late-stage diagnosis, high recurrence rates, and the development of chemoresistance. Although targeted therapies have improved patient outcomes, their efficacy i...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles that are released from cells into the extracellular space both under pathological and normal conditions. It is now well established that cancer cells secrete more EVs compared to non-cancerous cells and that...
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men and is the leading cause of cancer-related male mortality. A disulfide cyclic peptide ligand [CTVRTSADC] 1 has been previously found to target extra domain B of fibronectin (EDB-FN) in the ex...
In the United States, over 100,000 women are diagnosed with a gynecologic malignancy every year, with ovarian cancer being the most lethal. One of the hallmark characteristics of ovarian cancer is the development of resistance to chemotherapeutics. W...
Background: Metastatic prostate cancer (mPrC), with a median survival of under 2 years, represents an important unmet medical need which may benefit from the development of more effective targeted drug delivery systems. Several cell surface receptors...
Inter-patient molecular heterogeneity is the major declared driver of an expanding variety of anticancer drugs and personalizing their prescriptions. Here, we compared interpatient molecular heterogeneities of tumors and repertoires of drugs or their...
Thyroid cancer prevalence has increased in the last few decades. Whereas the majority of well-differentiated histotypes have effective therapeutic options, the most advanced cases lacked successful treatment until recent years. Genomic alterations ha...
MXenes with unique mechanical, optical, electronic, and thermal properties along with a specific large surface area for surface functionalization/modification, high electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and low toxicity have...
There has been a recent shift in how cancers are defined, where tumors are no longer simply classified by their tissue origin, but also by their molecular characteristics. Furthermore, personalized medicine has become a popular term and it could star...
Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics and diagnostic agents conjugated to carrier ligands has made significant progress in recent years, both in regards to the structural design of the conjugates and their biological effectiveness. The goal of targe...
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent form of malignancy among women on a global scale, ranking alongside lung cancer. Presently, conventional approaches to cancer treatment include surgical procedures followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Non...
Personalized cancer treatment based on specific mutations offers targeted therapy and is preferred over “standard” chemotherapy. Proteinoid polymers produced by thermal step-growth polymerization of amino acids may form nanocapsules (NCs) that encaps...
In the generational evolution of nano-based drug delivery carriers, active targeting has been a major milestone for improved and selective drug accumulation in tissues and cell types beyond the existing passive targeting capabilities. Among the vario...
Recently, several methods have been used for cancer treatment. Among them, chemotherapy is generally used, but general anticancer drugs may affect normal cells and tissues, causing various side effects. To reduce the side effects and increase the eff...
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is a highly conserved pathway that plays a vital role during embryonic development. Recently, uncontrolled activation of this pathway has been demonstrated in various types of cancer. Therefore, Hh pathway inhibitors have emer...
Cancer is a multifaceted disease that results from the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Cancer is a mortal disease with the biggest clinical, societal, and economic burden. Research on better methods of the detection, di...
There are few effective therapies for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a highly aggressive disease representing 15% of total lung cancers. With median survival <2 years, SCLC is one of the most lethal cancers. At present, chemotherapies and radiatio...
Metastatic urothelial cancer, associated with a poor prognosis, is still major cause of cancer-related death, with scarce options of effective treatment after progression to platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The human epithelial growth f...
To achieve the scheme of “magic bullets” in antitumor therapy, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) were developed. ADCs consist of antibodies targeting tumor-specific antigens, chemical linkers, and cytotoxic payloads that powerfully kill can...
In the 21st century, thanks to advances in biotechnology and developing pharmaceutical technology, significant progress is being made in effective drug design. Drug targeting aims to ensure that the drug acts only in the pathological area; it is defi...
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. The development of drug resistance is the main contributor to cancer-related mortality. Cancer cells exploit multiple mechanisms to reduce the therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs, thereby cau...
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are emerging targets for directed cancer therapy. Presented here is a new FGFR1-targeting conjugate, the peptibodyF2, which employs peptibody, a fusion of peptide and the Fc fragment of human IgG as a select...
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