Search Results (77)

Fuzzy differential subordinations, a notion taken from fuzzy set theory and used in complex analysis, are the subject of this paper. In this work, we provide an operator and examine the characteristics of meromorphic functions in the punctured open unit disk that are related to a class of complex parameter operators. Complex analysis ideas from geometric function theory are used to derive fuzzy differential subordination conclusions. Due to the compositional structure of the operator, some pertinent classes of admissible functions are studied through the application of fuzzy differential subordination. Full article

This work is based on the recently introduced concepts of third-order fuzzy differential subordination and its dual, third-order fuzzy differential superordination. In order to obtain the new results that add to the development of the newly initiated lines of research, a new operator is defined here using the concept of convolution and the normalized Lommel function. The methods focusing on the basic concept of admissible function are employed. Hence, the investigation of new third-order fuzzy differential subordination results starts with the definition of the suitable class of admissible functions. The first theorems discuss third-order fuzzy differential subordinations involving the newly introduced operator. The following result shows the conditions needed such that the fuzzy best dominant can be found for a third-order fuzzy differential subordination. Next, dual results are obtained by employing the methods of third-order fuzzy differential superordination based on the same concept of an admissible function. A suitable class of admissible functions is introduced and new third-order fuzzy differential superordinations are obtained, showing how the best subordinant can be obtained under certain restrictions. As a conclusion of this study, sandwhich-type results are derived, linking the outcome of the two dual fuzzy theories. Full article

In the present paper, using the q-difference operator, we introduce two classes of q-starlike functions and q-convex functions subordinate to secant hyperbolic functions. As functions in these classes have unique characteristic of missing coefficients on the second term in their analytic expansions, we define a new functional to unify the Hankel determinants with entries of the original coefficients, inverse coefficients, logarithmic coefficients, and inverse logarithmic coefficients for these functions. We obtain the sharp bounds on the new functional for functions in the two classes, and as a consequence, the best results on Hankel determinant for the starlike and convex functions subordinate to secant hyperbolic functions are given. The outcomes include some existing findings as corollaries and may help to deepen the understanding the properties of q-analogue analytic functions. Full article

This work’s theorems and corollaries present new third-order fuzzy differential subordination and superordination results developed by using a novel convolution linear operator involving the Gaussian hypergeometric function and a previously studied operator. The paper reveals methods for finding the best dominant and best subordinant for the third-order fuzzy differential subordinations and superordinations, respectively. The investigation concludes with the assertion of sandwich-type theorems connecting the conclusions of the studies conducted using the particular methods of the theories of the third-order fuzzy differential subordination and superordination, respectively. Full article

This article proposes a reading of Marion’s phenomenology from an early text, arguing that the various phenomenological innovations which are introduced in this work are subordinated to the central concept of transcendence. This concept in Marion’s work names the relation between revelation and experience and makes possible the disclosure of a revelatory phenomenon of radical alterity and asymmetry. Reliant on this concept, Marion’s phenomenology dramatically reconfigures the transcendental subject, the phenomenal object, and the horizon as well as their relation to certain phenomena. While Marion’s early text undergoes numerous revisions and reappears in different versions at several junctures in the development of his intervention in phenomenology, this article maintains that his central concept of transcendence retains its primacy in the structural arrangement of his other phenomenological innovations. Additionally, it will be argued that while the concept of transcendence in Marion has often been treated with suspicion by interpreters as obliquely allowing for a theological incursion into Marion’s phenomenology, such discussions generally miss how Marion’s particular construal of transcendence, as the relation between revelation and experience, necessarily allows for an a priori best explained as a theological judgement. Lastly, several questions attendant to this argument will be suggested for further development and investigation. Full article

Servant leadership has been identified as extremely important for organizational performance and success; therefore, much focus is placed on developing and maintaining leaders’ positive attitudes and behaviors toward their subordinates. Different servant models have been put out by earlier scholars. Nevertheless, only a small number of studies have focused on employee voice as a key precursor to servant leadership. The goal of this study is to look at the impacts of servant leadership style on employee voice by focusing on the mediating role of trust in a leader. Time-lagged data were gathered from 336 employees of small- and medium-sized enterprises in Pakistan. The perceived servant leadership style was positively and significantly associated with employees’voices mediated by trust in leaders. This study upgrades the comprehension of the components underlying the servant leadership and employee voice model by recognizing the intervening role of trust in the leader. Nonetheless, the survey design was not longitudinal, which restricts the study’s capacity to affirm causality. The results of this study acknowledge that servant leadership style and trust in leaders can promote constructive employee voice behavior. This study addresses the unproven mediating procedure of the link between servant leadership style and employee voice and offers new bearings for servant leadership and employee voice research, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been explored before. Full article

This study aimed to test the effect of toxic leadership on turnover intentions and whether burnout syndrome mediates this relationship. This study’s sample consists of 309 participants who work in organizations based in Portugal and Angola. The results indicate that toxic leadership positively and significantly affects burnout syndrome and turnover intentions. As for burnout, only the disengagement dimension positively and significantly affects turnover intentions. Disengagement partially mediates the relationship between toxic leadership and turnover intentions for participants working in Portugal and a total mediation effect for participants working in Angola. Organizations should be concerned about the leadership style adopted by their leaders, because if there is a toxic leader, this will lead to burnout syndrome in their subordinates and cause them to leave the organization, since turnover intentions are the best predictor of voluntary departure from the organization. Full article

The notion of the fuzzy set was incorporated into geometric function theory in recent years, leading to the emergence of fuzzy differential subordination theory, which is a generalization of the classical differential subordination notion. This article employs a new integral operator introduced using the class of meromorphic functions, the notion of convolution, and the Hurwitz–Lerch Zeta function for obtaining new fuzzy differential subordination results. Furthermore, the best fuzzy dominants are provided for each of the fuzzy differential subordinations investigated. The results presented enhance the approach to fuzzy differential subordination theory by giving new results involving operators in the study, for which starlikeness and convexity properties are revealed using the fuzzy differential subordination theory. Full article

Third-order fuzzy differential subordination studies were recently initiated by developing the main concepts necessary for obtaining new results on this topic. The present paper introduces the dual concept of third-order fuzzy differential superordination by building on the known results that are valid for second-order fuzzy differential superordination. The outcome of this study offers necessary and sufficient conditions for determining subordinants of a third-order fuzzy differential superordination and, furthermore, for finding the best subordinant for such fuzzy differential superordiantion, when it can be obtained. An example to suggest further uses of the new outcome reported in this work is enclosed to conclude this study. Full article

Naomi Goldenberg’s model of religion as a “vestigial state” is an excellent interrogation of how religion interacts with the state. To Goldenberg, religions traditionally functioned in the same manner as nation-states before being conquered and delineated as semi-autonomous institutions under the larger secular apparatus. However, I argue in this paper that Goldenberg’s “vestigial state” fails to account for the dynamism that religions have in their relationships to the state. I propose seeing religions as “alternative authorities”, which can be subordinate, cooperative, or hostile to the secular state. These perspectives as an alternative authority are seen best in the evolution of American fundamentalism and Christian nationalism, whose adherents have historically distinguished themselves from the state while simultaneously engaging in the effort to reshape it. In looking at how these movements develop, we understand that religions are constantly evolving in how to achieve and maintain power. Full article

This paper’s findings are related to geometric function theory (GFT). We employ one of the most recent methods in this area, the fuzzy admissible functions methodology, which is based on fuzzy differential subordination, to produce them. To do this, the relevant fuzzy admissible function classes must first be defined. This work deals with fuzzy differential subordinations, ideas borrowed from fuzzy set theory and applied to complex analysis. This work examines the characteristics of analytic functions and presents a class of operators in the open unit disk ${\mathcal{J}}_{\eta ,\varsigma }^{\kappa }(\mathrm{a},\mathrm{e},\mathrm{x})$ for $\varsigma >-1,\eta >0,$ such that $\mathrm{a},\mathrm{e}\in \mathbb{R},(\mathrm{e}-\mathrm{a})\ge 0,\mathrm{a}>-\mathrm{x}$. The fuzzy differential subordination results are obtained using (GFT) concepts outside the field of complex analysis because of the operator’s compositional structure, and some relevant classes of admissible functions are studied by utilizing fuzzy differential subordination. Full article

Let ${\mathcal{S}}_{cos}^{*}$ denote the class of normalized analytic functions f in the open unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ satisfying the subordination ${\displaystyle \frac{z{f}^{\prime }\left(z\right)}{f\left(z\right)}}\prec cosz$. In the first result of this article, we find the sharp upper bounds for the initial coefficients $a_3$, $a_4$ and $a_5$ and the sharp upper bound for module of the Hankel determinant $|H_{2,3}\left(f\right)|$ for the functions from the class ${\mathcal{S}}_{cos}^{*}$. The next section deals with the sharp upper bounds of the logarithmic coefficients ${\gamma }_3$ and ${\gamma }_4$. Then, in addition, we found the sharp upper bound for $\left|H_{2,2}\left(F_f/2\right)\right|$. To obtain these results we utilized the very useful and appropriate Lemma 2.4 of N.E. Cho et al., which gave a most accurate description for the first five coefficients of the functions from the Carathéodory’s functions class, and provided a technique for finding the maximum value of a three-variable function on a closed cuboid. All the maximum found values were checked by using MAPLE™ computer software, and we also found the extremal functions in each case. All of our most recent results are the best ones and give sharp versions of those recently published by Hacet. Full article

Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) is an excellent cool-season turfgrass that is widely used in urban gardening, landscaping, and golf turf. Triennial field experiments from 2017 to 2019 were conducted to investigate effects of the foliar application of chitosan (CTS), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), or sodium chloride (NaCl) on mitigating summer bentgrass decline (SBD) and exploring the CTS, GABA, or NaCl regulatory mechanism of tolerance to summer heat stress associated with changes in chlorophyll (Chl) loss and photosynthetic capacity, osmotic adjustment (OA), oxidative damage, and cell membrane stability. The findings demonstrated that persistent ambient high temperatures above 30 °C during the summer months of 2017, 2018, and 2019 significantly reduced the turf quality (TQ), Chl content, photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm and PI_ABS), leaf relative water content, and osmotic potential (OP) but significantly increased electrolyte leakage (EL) and the accumulations of free proline, water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The foliar application of CTS, GABA, or NaCl could significantly alleviate SBD, as reflected by improved TQ and delayed Chl loss during hot summer months. Heat-induced declines in Fv/Fm, PI_ABS, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the transpiration rate (Tr), and water use efficiency (WUE) could be significantly mitigated by the exogenous application of CTS, GABA, or NaCl. In addition, the foliar application of CTS, GABA, or NaCl also significantly improved the accumulations of free proline and WSC but reduced the EL, OP, and H₂O₂ content and the MDA content in leaves of creeping bentgrass in favor of water and redox homeostasis in summer. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the subordinate function value analysis (SFVA), the CTS had the best effect on the mitigation of SBD, followed by GABA and NaCl in 2017, 2018, and 2019. The current study indicates that the foliar application of an appropriate dose of GABA, CTS, or NaCl provides a cost-effective strategy for mitigating SBD. Full article

The concept of subordination is expanded in this study from the fuzzy sets theory to the geometry theory of analytic functions with a single complex variable. This work aims to clarify fuzzy subordination as a notion and demonstrate its primary attributes. With this work’s assistance, new fuzzy differential subordinations will be presented. The first theorems lead to intriguing corollaries for specific aspects chosen to exhibit fuzzy best dominance. The work introduces a new integral operator for meromorphic functions and uses the newly developed integral operator, which is starlike and convex, respectively, to obtain conclusions on fuzzy differential subordination. Full article