Search Results (20)

The term immersive technology refers to various types of technologies and perspectives that are constantly changing and developing. It can be used for different purposes and domains such as education, healthcare, entertainment, arts, and engineering. This paper aims to compare the effectiveness of immersive technologies used in education, namely mixed reality, generated with Microsoft HoloLens 2, with traditional teaching methods. The experiment involves comparing two groups of students who received different training methods: the first group saw a PowerPoint slide with an image of the human muscular system, while the second group saw a 3D hologram of the human body that showed the same muscle groups as in the PowerPoint (PPT). By integrating the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) levels of the participants as a predictive variable, the study sought to ascertain whether the incorporation of mixed reality technology could significantly influence the learning outcomes and retention capabilities of the learners. This investigation was designed to contribute to the evolving pedagogical landscape by providing empirical evidence on the potential benefits of advanced educational technologies in diverse learning environments. The main finding of this study indicates that while MR has potential, its effectiveness is closely tied to its interactivity. In cases where the content remains static and non-interactive, MR does not significantly enhance in-formation retention compared to traditional PPT methods. Additionally, the study highlights that instructional strategies should be adapted to individual cognitive profiles, as the technology type (MR or PPT) alone does not significantly impact learning outcomes when the information presented is identical. Full article

Digital holographic stereograms have met expectations in various fields since their introduction. Traditionally, recording large outdoor physical models has required time-consuming and complex processes involving professional tools and technical expertise. This study, however, aims to streamline the process by utilizing simple equipment, such as an iPhone, basic tools, free phone applications, and free software. Four successful experiments were conducted and evaluated using the digital CHIMERA holographic stereogram-printing technique combined with photogrammetry, Gaussian splatting, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), and image interpolation. This approach records large-scale outdoor content more efficiently and effectively. The selected method allows the development and large-scale dissemination of realistic outdoor content holograms to the public. This study demonstrates the feasibility of creating ultra-realistic outdoor holograms using accessible tools and methods, offering potential applications in various fields such as art, education, and entertainment. Full article

Background: Three-dimensional reconstructions of state-of-the-art high-resolution imaging are progressively being used more for preprocedural assessment in thoracic surgery. It is a promising tool that aims to improve patient-specific treatment planning, for example, for minimally invasive or robotic-assisted lung resections. Increasingly available mixed-reality hardware based on video pass-through technology enables the projection of image data as a hologram onto the patient. We describe the novel method of real-time 3D surgical planning in a mixed-reality setting by presenting three representative cases utilizing volume rendering. Materials: A mixed-reality system was set up using a high-performance workstation running a video pass-through-based head-mounted display. Image data from computer tomography were imported and volume-rendered in real-time to be customized through live editing. The image-based hologram was projected onto the patient, highlighting the regions of interest. Results: Three oncological cases were selected to explore the potentials of the mixed-reality system. Two of them presented large tumor masses in the thoracic cavity, while a third case presented an unclear lesion of the chest wall. We aligned real-time rendered 3D holographic image data onto the patient allowing us to investigate the relationship between anatomical structures and their respective body position. Conclusions: The exploration of holographic overlay has proven to be promising in improving preprocedural surgical planning, particularly for complex oncological tasks in the thoracic surgical field. Further studies on outcome-related surgical planning and navigation should therefore be conducted. Ongoing technological progress of extended reality hardware and intelligent software features will most likely enhance applicability and the range of use in surgical fields within the near future. Full article

“Immersive technology” is a broad and evolving term that encompasses various kinds of technologies and viewpoints, and has applications in various fields, such as education, healthcare, entertainment, the arts, and engineering. This research paper aims to compare the effectiveness of two teaching methods, namely the conventional method (using PowerPoint slides), and the immersive technology method (initiating a mixed reality with a HoloLens 2 device). The experiment involved two groups of students, aged between 19 and 52 years-of-age, who received different types of instruction: the first group viewed a PowerPoint slide with an image of the human muscular system, and the second group viewed a 3D hologram of the human body that displayed the same muscle groups as in the PowerPoint slide. The researchers wanted to examine if mixed reality devices could improve students’ cognitive abilities and explore if the age of the participants had any impact on the effectiveness of the instruction method. The main findings of this study are that the instruction method that used mixed reality technology, the Microsoft HoloLens 2 device, was more suitable for younger participants, and that traditional instruction methods, such as PowerPoint slides, are more appropriate for older students. While this research provides some valuable insights into the factors that influence student performance in anatomy tests, it has some limitations that should be considered. Full article

The digital revolution has launched myriad new technologies in the field of art and cultural heritage law, including digital art, NFTs (non-fungible tokens), artificial intelligence (AI)-generated art, virtual reality and reality augmentation, online viewing rooms and auctions, holograms, immersive experiences, and more. As a $67.8 billion industry, the art market is a global driver of innovation, international collaboration, and national economies, given its cross-border transactions. However, given the extremely rapid development of these new technologies, regulators have struggled to keep pace and implement legal measures that are fit for purpose in this field. Limited oversight has resulted in several claims that have the potential to change the legal landscape. For instance, claims over the theft/misappropriation of NFTs and the related fraud and money laundering that may ensue, as well as a recent class action copyright infringement suit against the creators of a popular AI algorithm and infringement claims over immersive installation and light technologies, demonstrate how new ways of thinking are required to assess cases involving digital property (distinguished from other types of non-tangible property). Moreover, the US Supreme Court has issued a landmark ruling on fair use within the copyright context, which will be relied upon in the future to determine whether (and to what extent) the appropriation of existing copyrighted material is permitted. This includes both the digital use of physical artworks and the use of born-digital works. Although jurisprudential decisions are made on a case-by-case basis, factual patterns involving online media, digital art, and related technologies could serve as guidance for legislators and other decision-makers when considering what limits should be imposed on Web 3.0. This article will focus on recent US-based claims and regulations and dovetail with existing art market regulations in this jurisdiction (e.g., anti-money-laundering statutes) to determine their impact on new technologies, whether directly or indirectly. Finally, the article highlights ongoing trends and preoccupations to provide an overview of the shifting legal landscape. Full article

Mode decomposition is a powerful tool for analyzing the modal content of optical multimode radiation. There are several basic principles on which this tool can be implemented, including near-field intensity analysis, machine learning, and spatial correlation filtering (SCF). The latter is meant to be applied to a spatial light modulator and allows one to obtain information on the mode amplitudes and phases of temporally stable beams by only analyzing experimental data. As a matter of fact, techniques based on SCF have already been successfully used in several studies, e.g., for investigating the Kerr beam self-cleaning effect and determining the modal content of Raman fiber lasers. Still, such techniques have a major drawback, i.e., they require acquisition times as long as several minutes, thus being unfit for the investigation of fast mode distribution dynamics. In this paper, we numerically study three types of digital holograms, which permits us to determine, at the same time, the parameters of a set of modes of multimode beams. Because all modes are simultaneously characterized, the processing speed of these real-time mode decomposition methods in experimental realizations will be limited only by the acquisition rate of imaging devices, e.g., state-of-the-art CCD camera performance may provide decomposing rates above 1 kHz. Here, we compare the accuracy of conjugate symmetric extension (CSE), double-phase holograms (DPH), and phase correlation filtering (PCF) methods in retrieving the mode amplitudes of optical beams composed of either three, six, or ten modes. In order to provide a statistical analysis of the outcomes of these three methods, we propose a novel algorithm for the effective enumeration of mode parameters, which covers all possible beam modal compositions. Our results show that the best accuracy is achieved when the amplitude-phase mode distribution associated with multiple frequency PCF techniques is encoded by Jacobi–Anger expansion. Full article

Object pre-localization from computer-generated holograms is still an open problem in the current state of the art. In this work, we propose the use of the hologram phase space representation to determine a set of regions of interest where the searched object can be located. The extracted regions can be used to pre-locate the object in 3D space and are further refined to produce a more accurate depth estimate. An iterative refinement method is proposed for 1D holograms and is extended in a parsimonious version for 2D holograms. A series of experiments are conducted to assess the quality of the extracted regions of interest and the sparse depth estimate produced by the iterative refinement method. Experimental results show that it is possible to pre-localize the object in 3D space from the phase space representation and thus to improve the calculation time by reducing the number of operations and numerical reconstructions necessary for the application of s (DFF) methods. Using the proposed methodology, the time for the application of the DFF method is reduced by half, and the accuracy is increased by a factor of three. Full article

Microplastics make up a significant amount of the overall quantity of plastic debris that is present in seawater. However, their detection and monitoring at sea is cost-inefficient and challenging; typically, it consists of water sampling with special manta nets, followed by long (i.e., weeks) laboratory analysis to obtain valid results. The analysis of the state-of-the-art technologies capable of monitoring/detecting microplastics in the sea (typically in coastal areas) presented in this paper shows that there are currently no specific tools to obtain quick measurements. The classic multiparametric probes are useless and the contribution of their relative chemical–physical parameters to determine the presence of microplastics in water is insignificant. The evolution in the last decade of hardware and software tools for capturing hologram images and related post-processing seems to be one of the most effective methods available currently for the rapid detection of microplastics in seawater. In particular, some results of monitoring campaigns carried out in the Adriatic Sea using this type of technology are reported. The acquired data are analyzed and discussed, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, with indications of the possible methodologies that could be used to improve these systems. Full article

Forgery and tampering continue to provide unnecessary economic burdens. Although new anti-forgery and counterfeiting technologies arise, they inadvertently lead to the sophistication of forgery techniques over time, to a point where detection is no longer viable without technological aid. Among the various optical techniques, one of the recently used techniques to detect counterfeit products is HSI, which captures a range of electromagnetic data. To aid in the further exploration and eventual application of the technique, this study categorizes and summarizes existing related studies on hyperspectral imaging and creates a mini meta-analysis of this stream of literature. The literature review has been classified based on the product HSI has used in counterfeit documents, photos, holograms, artwork, and currency detection. Full article

The study, preservation and restoration of the cultural heritage objects of mankind are not only of great cultural importance but also have a significant economic component because cultural values of past centuries attract tourists from all over the world. The use of modern technical and scientific achievements in the field of non-destructive testing makes it possible to obtain new knowledge about cultural objects regarding their origin and dating, as well as to contribute to their better restoration and preservation. An important component of their use is additional opportunities to identify high quality fakes of original cultural objects that have historical significance. The capabilities of various non-destructive testing (NDT) methods used to examine cultural objects are characterized by their penetration depth, resolution, and sensitivity to material properties. Thus, in many cases, it is necessary to perform multi-sensor non-destructive testing and creating large data sets that require an efficient evaluation. This article considers an example of using microwave (MW) holographic sensors for the examining of an old Orthodox Russian Icon dated of the late 19th century. The paper describes the technology of microwave holography, which has recently been applied to the examination of art works. Unlike the well-studied X-ray method, MW holography makes it possible to examine objects with one-sided access. Its other advantages are the relative cheapness of the equipment and the safety of use due to the low level of radiation. The article describes a MW holograms reconstruction algorithm, as well as a method for improving the quality of obtained MW images. The data collected at MW research of the Icon are compared with the results of X-ray examination and confirmed by subsequent opening and visual examination performed by professional restorers. Full article

Real-time, simultaneous, and adaptive beam steering into multiple regions of interest replaces conventional raster scanning with a less time-consuming and flexible beam steering framework, where only regions of interest are scanned by a laser beam. CUDA-OpenGL interoperability with a computationally time-efficient computer-generated hologram (CGH) calculation algorithm enables such beam steering by employing a MEMS-based phase light modulator (PLM) and a Texas Instruments Phase Light Modulator (TI-PLM). The real-time CGH generation and display algorithm is incorporated into the beam steering system with variable power and scan resolution, which are adaptively controlled by camera-based object recognition. With a mid-range laptop GPU and the current version of the MEMS-PLM, the demonstrated scanning speed can exceed 1000 points/s (number of beams > 5) and potentially exceeds 4000 points/s with state-of-the-art GPUs. Full article

Dunhuang posthumous paper are a huge treasure trove of human civilization, among which the Dunhuang posthumous paper in the Wei-Jin period provides important data for the study of the development of calligraphy’s history. From the perspective of the philosophy of information, the developmental process of a calligraphic style can be interpreted as a holographic relationship. It is not only the hologram of calligraphy art, but also the hologram of a calligraphy aesthetic style, which is also the expression of Chinese culture. This attaches importance to information thinking in calligraphy art. According to the analysis of the stylistic use and aesthetic style of Dunhuang suicide note calligraphy in the Wei-Jin period, the significance of calligraphy can be revealed in its differences and uncertainties. Full article

Computer-generated holography (CGH) is a notoriously difficult computation problem, simulating numerical diffraction, where every scene point can affect every hologram pixel. To tackle this challenge, specialized software instructions and hardware solutions are developed to significantly reduce calculation time and power consumption. In this work, we propose a novel algorithm for high-performance point-based CGH, leveraging fixed-point integer representations, the separability of the Fresnel transform and using new look-up table free cosine representation. We report up to a 3-fold speed up over an optimized floating-point GPU implementation, as well as a 15 dB increase in quality over a state-of-the-art FPGA-based fixed-point integer solution. Full article

In Camera Lucida, Roland Barthes discusses the capacity of the photographic image to represent “flat death”. Documentation of an event, happening, or time is traditionally reliant on the photographic to determine its ephemeral existence and to secure its legacy within history. However, the traditional photographic document is often unsuitable to capture the real essence and experience of the artwork in situ. The hologram, with its potential to offer a three-dimensional viewpoint, suggests a desirable solution. However, there are issues concerning how this type of photographic document successfully functions within an art context. Attitudes to methods necessary for artistic production, and holography’s place within the process, are responsible for this problem. The seductive qualities of holography may be attributable to any failure that ensues, but, if used precisely, the process can be effective to create a document for ephemeral art. The failures and successes of the hologram to be reliable as a document of experience are discussed in this article, together with a suggestion of how it might undergo a transformation and reactivation to become an artwork itself. Full article

The artist discusses his work and concepts within the context of the true hologram. He examines the character and attributes of the holographic medium that can assist in the evolution of human perception. Artists and their creative expressions have always had a place at the forefront of change, catalyzing ideas into perceptual evolution. Artistic endeavors that continue to incorporate light as a material will foster the evolving field of the hologram as fine art and influence how light is perceived and used within the expanding world culture. Full article