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Keywords = RTD-fluxgate core

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16 pages, 5402 KB  
Article
Research on Sensitivity Improvement Methods for RTD Fluxgates Based on Feedback-Driven Stochastic Resonance with PSO
by Rui Wang, Na Pang, Haibo Guo, Xu Hu, Guo Li and Fei Li
Sensors 2025, 25(2), 520; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020520 - 17 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1045
Abstract
With the wide application of Residence Time Difference (RTD) fluxgate sensors in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) aeromagnetic measurements, the requirements for their measurement accuracy are increasing. The core characteristics of the RTD fluxgate sensor limit its sensitivity; the high-permeability soft magnetic core is [...] Read more.
With the wide application of Residence Time Difference (RTD) fluxgate sensors in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) aeromagnetic measurements, the requirements for their measurement accuracy are increasing. The core characteristics of the RTD fluxgate sensor limit its sensitivity; the high-permeability soft magnetic core is especially easily interfered with by the input noise. In this paper, based on the study of the excitation signal and input noise characteristics, the stochastic resonance is proposed to be realized by adding feedback by taking advantage of the high hysteresis loop rectangular ratio, low coercivity and bistability characteristics of the soft magnetic material core. Simulink is used to construct the sensor model of odd polynomial feedback control, and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the coefficients of the feedback function so that the sensor reaches a resonance state, thus reducing the noise interference and improving the sensitivity of the sensor. The simulation results show that optimizing the odd polynomial feedback coefficients with PSO enables the sensor to reach a resonance state, improving sensitivity by at least 23.5%, effectively enhancing sensor performance and laying a foundation for advancements in UAV aeromagnetic measurement technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic and Electromagnetic Sensors for Engineered Systems and Technologies)
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13 pages, 2428 KB  
Article
Research on a Time Difference Processing Method for RTD-Fluxgate Data Based on the Combination of the Mahalanobis Distance and Group Covariance
by Na Pang, Dan Wang, Yuhan Yang and Rui Wang
Sensors 2023, 23(22), 9223; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229223 - 16 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1507
Abstract
During the measurement of magnetic fields, Residence Time Difference (RTD)-fluxgate sensors suffer from abnormal time difference jumps due to the random interference of magnetic core noise and environmental noise, which results in gross errors. This situation restricts the improvement of sensor accuracy and [...] Read more.
During the measurement of magnetic fields, Residence Time Difference (RTD)-fluxgate sensors suffer from abnormal time difference jumps due to the random interference of magnetic core noise and environmental noise, which results in gross errors. This situation restricts the improvement of sensor accuracy and stability. In order to solve the above problems efficiently, a time difference gross error processing method based on the combination of the Mahalanobis distance (MD) and group covariance is presented in this paper, and the processing effects of different methods are compared and analyzed. The results of the simulation and experiment indicate that the proposed method is more advantageous in identifying the gross error in time difference. The signal-to-noise ratio for the time difference is improved by about 34 times, while the fluctuation of the Negative Magnetic Saturation Time (NMST) ΔTNMST is reduced by 95.402%, which significantly reduces the fluctuation of time difference and effectively improves the accuracy and stability of the sensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications of Magnetic Sensors)
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15 pages, 3326 KB  
Article
A High Stability Time Difference Readout Technique of RTD-Fluxgate Sensors
by Na Pang, Defu Cheng and Yanzhang Wang
Sensors 2017, 17(10), 2325; https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102325 - 12 Oct 2017
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4984
Abstract
The performance of Residence Times Difference (RTD)-fluxgate sensors is closely related to the time difference readout technique. The noise of the induction signal affects the quality of the output signal of the following circuit and the time difference detection, so the stability of [...] Read more.
The performance of Residence Times Difference (RTD)-fluxgate sensors is closely related to the time difference readout technique. The noise of the induction signal affects the quality of the output signal of the following circuit and the time difference detection, so the stability of the sensor is limited. Based on the analysis of the uncertainty of the RTD-fluxgate using the Bidirectional Magnetic Saturation Time Difference (BMSTD) readout scheme, the relationship between the saturation state of the magnetic core and the target (DC) magnetic field is studied in this article. It is proposed that combining the excitation and induction signals can provide the Negative Magnetic Saturation Time (NMST), which is a detection quantity used to measure the target magnetic field. Also, a mathematical model of output response between NMST and the target magnetic field is established, which analyzes the output NMST and sensitivity of the RTD-fluxgate sensor under different excitation conditions and is compared to the BMSTD readout scheme. The experiment results indicate that this technique can effectively reduce the noise influence. The fluctuation of time difference is less than ±0.1 μs in a target magnetic field range of ±5 × 104 nT. The accuracy and stability of the sensor are improved, so the RTD-fluxgate using the readout technique of high stability time difference is suitable for detecting weak magnetic fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
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14 pages, 749 KB  
Article
Research on the Dynamic Hysteresis Loop Model of the Residence Times Difference (RTD)-Fluxgate
by Yanzhang Wang, Shujun Wu, Zhijian Zhou, Defu Cheng, Na Pang and Yunxia Wan
Sensors 2013, 13(9), 11539-11552; https://doi.org/10.3390/s130911539 - 2 Sep 2013
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 8369
Abstract
Based on the core hysteresis features, the RTD-fluxgate core, while working, is repeatedly saturated with excitation field. When the fluxgate simulates, the accurate characteristic model of the core may provide a precise simulation result. As the shape of the ideal hysteresis loop model [...] Read more.
Based on the core hysteresis features, the RTD-fluxgate core, while working, is repeatedly saturated with excitation field. When the fluxgate simulates, the accurate characteristic model of the core may provide a precise simulation result. As the shape of the ideal hysteresis loop model is fixed, it cannot accurately reflect the actual dynamic changing rules of the hysteresis loop. In order to improve the fluxgate simulation accuracy, a dynamic hysteresis loop model containing the parameters which have actual physical meanings is proposed based on the changing rule of the permeability parameter when the fluxgate is working. Compared with the ideal hysteresis loop model, this model has considered the dynamic features of the hysteresis loop, which makes the simulation results closer to the actual output. In addition, other hysteresis loops of different magnetic materials can be explained utilizing the described model for an example of amorphous magnetic material in this manuscript. The model has been validated by the output response comparison between experiment results and fitting results using the model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
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