1,427 Results Found

The microwave (MW)-assisted direct esterification of certain P-acids is a green method. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that the activation enthalpy (ΔH^#) for the exothermic monoalkylphosphate → dialkylphosphate transformation was o...

Esterification is a versatile way to produce the derivatives of lignocellulose with developed properties. However, the traditional heterogeneous esterification of lignocellulose suffered from the drawbacks of low efficiency, additional reaction mediu...

Over the past 130 years, Fischer-Speier esterification has been established as the benchmark method for synthesizing esters from organic acids and alcohols. The reaction’s versatility, arising from the vast combinations of starting materials an...

Esterification of rosin with pentaerythritol produces rosin pentaerythritol ester (RPE) which is widely used in paint, coating, and pressure-sensitive and hot-melt adhesive industries. Although RPE has excellent valuable applications and has been ind...

The reduction of high acid value (AV) of inedible jatropha oil (JO) by esterification with isopropanol (IPA), which is a common alcohol solvent waste in Taiwan’s high-tech industry, was studied. The decrease of AV is beneficial for the subseque...

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) introduced in the 1960s and widely used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic. In its acid form, the solubility of 21 mg/L greatly limits its bioavailability. Since the bioavail...

Reutealis trisperma, due to its high kernel-oil yield (±50%) and long productivity (±70 years), is considered to be a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. In addition, this plant, which can thrive on marginal lands, is classifi...

Esters are predominant fragrance components in various traditional fermented foods. Hongqu rice wine, a beverage gaining popularity among young consumers in China, largely owes its aromatic profile to esterases derived from Monascus species. However,...

Cholesterol is an essential constituent of all mammalian cell membranes, and its availability is therefore a prerequisite for cellular growth and other functions. Several lines of evidence are now indicating an association between alterations of chol...

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the key constituent of tea polyphenols, presents challenges in terms of its lipid solubility, stability, and bioavailability because of its polyhydroxy structure. Consequently, structural modifications are imperative...

The esterification of bagasse with glutaric anhydride could increase surface adhesion compatibility and the surface of derived polymers has the potential of immobilizing peptides or proteins for biomedical application. Due to its complicated componen...

One-step oxidative esterification of 2,5-furandiformaldehyde (DFF) derived from biomass to prepare Dimethyl Furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (FDMC) not only simplifies the catalytic process and increases the purity of the product, but also avoids the polymeri...

Lignin is an abundant and renewable source of phenolic compounds that can be used as natural antioxidants to substitute synthetic, petroleum-based alternatives. The development of lignin depolymerization techniques has improved the accessibility of l...

In this work, a dense and acid-resistant beta zeolite membrane was applied to improve the esterification of citric acid and n-butanol, for the first time. Through the continuous removal of the by-product water via pervaporation (PV), the conversion o...

Gum rosin is an important agricultural commodity which is widely used as a raw material for various industries. However, gum rosin has low stability, crystallizes easily, and tends to oxidize. This is due to carboxyl groups and conjugated double bond...

Some traditional acidic ionic liquids (AILs) have shown great catalytic potential in esterification; meanwhile, the design and application of more new AILs are expected at present.Tropine-based functionalized acidic ionic liquids (FAILs) were synthes...

The gel of low-esterification pectin has no special requirements for soluble solids and is often used as a thickening agent, gelling agent and stabilizer in food. Pectin is difficult to digest and absorb when ingested by the human body. It is mainly...

A post-esterification with a high degree of substitution (hDS) mechanical treatment (Pe(hDS)M) approach was used for the production of highly hydrophobic cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs). The process has the advantages of substantially reducing the mec...

Mechanochemical reaction, a green synthetic esterification route was utilized to prepare long-chain cellulose esters from microcrystalline cellulose. The influence of reaction conditions such as reaction temperature and time were elucidated. Only low...

In recent years, the use of renewable raw materials for the production of chemicals has been the subject of different studies. In particular, the interest of the present study was the use of oleins, mixtures of free fatty acids (FFAs), and oleic acid...

This study developed a microwave-mediated noncatalytic esterification of oleic acid for producing ethyl biodiesel. The microwave irradiation process outperformed conventional heating methods for the reaction. A highest reaction conversion, 97.62%, wa...

In this study, a comparative study was conducted on the two reactor types (the plug-flow and continuous stirred tank reactor) employed for the traditional esterification process to investigate their potential applications to the esterification reacti...

The susceptibility of the carbonyl group towards nucleophilic attack affords the construction of various organic compounds. Thus, investigations of carbonyl activation applying greener methodologies are highly important. In the present work, among th...

High-melting point 1,3-diacylglycerols not only provide health benefits, but are also suitable for manufacture of foods containing various specialty fats. It is difficult to prepare such high-melting point diacylglycerols, as the activities of specif...

Naringin is a flavonoid found in citrus fruits. It exhibits biological activities, such as anticancer and antioxidant effects, but it suffers from low solubility and low stability in lipophilic systems. These drawbacks lead to difficulties in the com...

Esterification of caprylic acid with methanol was performed over chitosan with sulfonic acid groups, as a catalyst, at 60 °C. The sulfonic acid groups were introduced into chitosan (CH) by using chlorosulfonic acid. Catalysts were characterized by sc...

Reported is a study evaluating the potential of esterified tannins as plastic additives in poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Tannin esterification using anhydrides was investigated as a route to synthesize tannin esters possessing varying ester chain length...

This paper presents a novel approach to predicting esterification procedures in organic chemistry by employing generative large language models (LLMs) to interpret and translate SMILES molecular notation into detailed procedural texts of synthesis re...

(1) Background: In this study, aiming at the problems of low efficiency and high energy consumption in the esterification reaction of OSA and starch, the jet milling technology was used to pretreat corn starch and starch raw materials with different...

Sorbic acid is the most commonly used preservative in the food industry. The antimicrobial inhibition of sorbic acid could be influenced by its lipophilic nature, which reduces its use in hydrophilic food formulations. Reactions between sorbic acid a...

Microstructured reactors offer fast chemical engineering transfer and precise microfluidic control, enabling the determination of reactions’ kinetic parameters. This review examines recent advancements in measuring microreaction kinetics. It ex...

In this study, a comparative evaluation was performed in batch esterification reactions under conventional heating (CH) and assisted by microwave irradiation (MW) using bioprinted lipases. Microwave-irradiation-assisted reactions generally provide hi...

The presented work discusses the highly efficient esterification of poly (γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) with alkyl halides at room temperature. The esterification reaction was completed within 3 h, and the prepared γ-PGA esters were obta...

N-halosuccinimides (NXSs) are well-known to be convenient, easily manipulable and low-priced halogenation reagents in organic synthesis. In the present work, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) has been promoted as the most efficient and selective catalyst amon...

Surfactin originated from genus Bacillus is composed of a heptapeptide moiety bonded to the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of a β-hydroxy fatty acid and it can be chemically modified to prepare the derivatives with different structures, owing to the ex...

Production of fatty acid esters from stearic, oleic, and palmitic acids and short-chain alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol) for the production of biodiesel was investigated in this work. A series of montmorillonite-based clays catalys...

Ionic liquids (ILs) are recyclable, non-volatile, and can dissolve cellulose, a natural polymer that is insoluble in versatile solvents. Therefore, ILs have been used to modify cellulose. However, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimOAc), a comm...

Fast pyrolysis bio-oil is very difficult to be used because of its acidity, instability, high degree of unsaturation, etc. Processes for property upgrading are necessary and required. In this study, three kinds of Raney Ni catalysts were prepared and...

The distillate from the deodorization of palm oil (DDPO) is an agro-industrial residue, approximately 84% of which consists of free fatty acids (FFAs), which can be used for the production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). A catalyst (10HPMo/AlSiM)...

Synthesized oleic acid-based wax esters (e.g., cetyl oleate), which can replace spermaceti oil or jojoba oil, have been widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and other industries. In this work, 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) has been succ...

Oils with high content of free fatty acid (FFA) can be treated by acid esterification where an alcohol reacts with the given oil in the presence of acid catalyst. The investigated parameters include methanol to oil ratio, temperature and amount of ca...

Process optimisation and reaction kinetic model development were carried out for two-stage esterification-transesterification reactions of waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel. This study focused on these traditional processes due to their techno-econom...

For enhancing the cetane number (CN) of diesel fraction, the selective oxidative ring opening method was applied to upgrade ring hydrocarbons. Organic acids, one of the main products from this oxidative reaction, being esterified by the phase transfe...

Common smut caused by Ustilago maydis is one of the dominant fungal diseases in plants. The resistance mechanism to U. maydis infection involving alterations in the cell wall is poorly studied. In this study, the resistant single segment substitution...

In this study, carbon-based solid acids were used to catalyze the esterification of soybean saponin-acidified oil (SSAO) with methanol vapor for the synthesis of biodiesel. The esterification conversion under different conditions was determined, and...

Fatty acid esterification with alcohols is a crucial step in biodiesel synthesis. Biodiesel consists of long-chain alkyl esters that derive from the transesterification or hydro-esterification of the triglycerides that are contained in vegetable oils...

Fatty acids (FA) and their derivatives with long alkyl chain structures are good candidates for wood esterification to confer thermoplastic properties to wood. Nevertheless, they do not react easily with hydroxyl groups of wood. In this study, we inv...

In this work, a sustainable chemical process was developed through the Fischer esterification of Protobind^® lignin, a wheat straw soda lignin, and phloretic acid, a naturally occurring phenolic acid. It aimed at increasing the reactivity of lignin by...

The application of chemical operations in food processing, in which pure chemical compounds are used to modify food ingredients, often raises social concerns. One of the most frequently modified dietary substances is starch, e.g., E1401–E1404,...

Biodiesel is a non-toxic and environmentally friendly fuel that is made from renewable biological sources. It can replace petrochemical diesel and has very broad application prospects. However, the main raw materials in biodiesel are animal and plant...