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19 pages, 15862 KiB

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Study on the Mechanical Properties and Basic Elastic Constants of Yunnan Dendrocalamus sinicus Chia et J. L. Sun

by Fengwei Zhou, Xingyu Wang, Yanrong Wang, Guofu Li and Chunlei Dong

Forests 2024, 15(11), 2017; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15112017 - 15 Nov 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1295

Yunnan Dendrocalamus sinicus Chia et J. L. Sun (YDS) is a giant bamboo species with a diameter at breast height of up to nearly 40 cm. It is endemic to Yunnan, China, and only a very small portion of it is directly used as load-bearing beams and columns in the dwellings of ethnic minorities, such as in Dai architecture. Due to the structural characteristics of its hollow and thin walls, systematic physical and mechanical property testing of this species faces significant challenges in terms of methods and means. This issue has become one of the main barriers to the realization of its large-scale industrial use. Therefore, this paper systematically tests and studies YDS’s three kinds of strength (tension, compression, and shear), modulus of elasticity, and six Poisson’s ratios with the help of digital image correlation (DIC) technology and self-created material testing methods. The (1) tensile, compressive, and shear strengths and moduli in longitudinal, radial, and chordal directions; (2) tensile strengths and moduli of bamboo green, flesh, and yellow layers in the thickness direction of the bamboo wall; and (3) six Poisson’s ratios under tensile and compressive stresses were obtained for YDS. It was also found that the tensile strength (378.8 MPa) of the green layer of YDS exceeded the yield strength (355 MPa) of 45# steel, making it a potential high-strength engineering material or fiber-reinforced material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Wood Science and Forest Products)

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20 pages, 6233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rhizosphere Microbe Affects Soil Available Nitrogen and Its Implication for the Ecological Adaptability and Rapid Growth of Dendrocalamus sinicus, the Strongest Bamboo in the World

by Peitong Dou, Qian Cheng, Ning Liang, Changyan Bao, Zhiming Zhang, Lingna Chen and Hanqi Yang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(19), 14665; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914665 - 28 Sep 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2034

Abstract

The interaction between soil microbes and plants has a significant effect on soil microbial structure and function, as well as plant adaptability. However, the effect of soil micro-organisms on ecological adaption and rapid growth of woody bamboos remains unclear. Here, 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA genes of rhizosphere micro-organisms were sequenced, and the soil properties of three different types of Dendrocalamus sinicus were determined at the dormancy and germination stages of rhizome buds. The result showed that each type of D. sinicus preferred to absorb ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) rather than nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N) and required more NH₄⁺-N at germination or rapid growth period than during the dormancy period. In total, nitrogen fixation capacity of soil bacteria in the straight type was significantly higher than that in the introduced straight type, while the ureolysis capacity had an opposite trend. Saprophytic fungi were the dominant fungal functional taxa in habitat soils of both straight and introduced straight type. Our findings are of great significance in understanding how soil microbes affect growth and adaptation of woody bamboos, but also for soil management of bamboo forests in red soil. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Plant-Fungi Interactions)

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14 pages, 20546 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Hormone Signaling Genes Involved in the Launch of Culm-Shape Differentiation in Dendrocalamus sinicus

by Lingna Chen, Xiaojuan Guo, Yongzhong Cui, Xianggan Zheng and Hanqi Yang

Genes 2018, 9(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9010004 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5151

Abstract

Dendrocalamus sinicus is a sympodial bamboo species endemic to Yunnan Province, China, and is the strongest bamboo species in the world. However, there is substantial variation in the basal culm shape, i.e., straight culm (SC) and bent culm (BC), among different D. sinicus as a result of genetic and growth factors. This study performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of bamboo shoots of two variants at the early, mid-, and late shoot-development stages to examine the molecular basis of this variation. In total, 98,479 unigenes were annotated, of which 13,495 were differentially expressed in pairwise comparisons of the six libraries. More differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in SC than in BC culm development. The DEGs between BC and SC were assigned to 108 metabolic pathways. The 1064 DEGs in early development might mainly control the launch of culm-shape differentiation. Sixty genes encoding components of hormone signaling pathways were differentially expressed between BC5 and SC5, indicating complex hormonal regulation of culm differentiation. The AUX/IAA, ARF, PP2C, SnRK2, and ABF genes involved in auxin and abscisic acid signaling played key roles. These results help us to understand the molecular mechanism of culm variation and other aspects of culm development in D. sinicus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Genetics and Genomics)

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