Special Issue "Biology and Pathology of Tumor Viruses in Animals"

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (16 August 2023) | Viewed by 1587

Special Issue Editors

Research Group Oncology (RGO), Division of Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Interests: biology, prevention, and therapy of papillomavirus-induced tumor disease in horses and other species; squamous cell carcinoma; malignant melanoma
University Equine Hospital, Vienna, Austria
Interests: vaccines; immunology of infectious diseases; vaccination; viral immunology; molecular virology; immunization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As you all know, viruses such as papillomaviruses (PVs) and herpesviruses are increasingly recognized as cancer-promoting agents. In humans, for example, high-risk human PVs have been identified as the causative agents of virtually 100% of cervical cancers, about 50% of genital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and up to 50% of head-and-neck SCCs. In addition, human gammaherpesviruses, i.e., Epstein–Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma, are accepted oncoviruses today.

Despite considerable advances within the past thirty years, animal oncovirus research considerably lags behind human research in this field with respect to funding and visibility. As such, there is a need to expand the study of animal oncoviruses.

In order to help improve the visibility of animal tumor virus research and generate more awareness regarding the importance of this research for the benefit of both animal and human patients, I invite you to contribute to a Special Issue on the “Biology and Pathology of Tumor Viruses in Animals”.

Research articles, short communications, and reviews are welcome for submission. Your contribution(s) could be, e.g., related to the following topics:

  • tumor virus identification, genetics, prevalence;
  • epidemiology, transmission and infection mechanisms;
  • type of infection (productive, abortive, latent, integration, etc.);
  • viral infection-mediated cell transformation;
  • viral immune escape mechanisms;
  • diagnosis and prognosis of virus-induced malignancies in animals;
  • prevention and therapy of these malignancies including preclinical/clinical trials;
  • comparative aspects: human versus animal tumor disease induced by oncoviruses.

Dr. Sabine Brandt
Dr. Christoph Jindra
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

Article
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeting of BPV-1-Transformed Primary Equine Sarcoid Fibroblasts
Viruses 2023, 15(9), 1942; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091942 - 17 Sep 2023
Viewed by 349
Abstract
Equine sarcoids (EqS) are fibroblast-derived skin tumors associated with bovine papillomavirus 1 and 2 (BPV-1 and -2). Based on Southern blotting, the BPV-1 genome was not found to be integrated in the host cell genome, suggesting that EqS pathogenesis does not result from [...] Read more.
Equine sarcoids (EqS) are fibroblast-derived skin tumors associated with bovine papillomavirus 1 and 2 (BPV-1 and -2). Based on Southern blotting, the BPV-1 genome was not found to be integrated in the host cell genome, suggesting that EqS pathogenesis does not result from insertional mutagenesis. Hence, CRISPR/Cas9 implies an interesting tool for selectively targeting BPV-1 episomes or genetically anchored suspected host factors. To address this in a proof-of-concept study, we confirmed the exclusive episomal persistence of BPV-1 in EqS using targeted locus amplification (TLA). To investigate the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of BPV-1 episomes, primary equine fibroblast cultures were established and characterized. In the EqS fibroblast cultures, CRISPR-mediated targeting of the episomal E5 and E6 oncogenes as well as the BPV-1 long control region was successful and resulted in a pronounced reduction of the BPV-1 load. Moreover, the deletion of the equine Vimentin (VIM), which is highly expressed in EqS, considerably decreased the number of BPV-1 episomes. Our results suggest CRISPR/Cas9-based gene targeting may serve as a tool to help further unravel the biology of EqS pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biology and Pathology of Tumor Viruses in Animals)
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Article
Genetic Characterization of a Novel Equus caballus Papillomavirus Isolated from a Thoroughbred Mare
Viruses 2023, 15(3), 650; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030650 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 963
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are small, non-enveloped viruses, ubiquitous across the animal kingdom. PVs induce diverse forms of infection, such as cutaneous papillomas, genital papillomatosis, and carcinomas. During a survey on the fertility status of a mare, a novel Equus caballus PV (EcPV) has been [...] Read more.
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are small, non-enveloped viruses, ubiquitous across the animal kingdom. PVs induce diverse forms of infection, such as cutaneous papillomas, genital papillomatosis, and carcinomas. During a survey on the fertility status of a mare, a novel Equus caballus PV (EcPV) has been identified using Next Generation Sequencing, and it was further confirmed with genome-walking PCR and Sanger sequencing. The complete circular genome 7607 bp long shares 67% average percentage of identity with EcPV9, EcPV2, EcPV1, and EcPV6, justifying a new classification as Equus caballus PV 10 (EcPV10). All EcPV genes are conserved in EcPV10, and phylogenetic analysis indicates that EcPV10 is closely related to EcPV9 and EcPV2, genus Dyoiota 1. A preliminary EcPV10 genoprevalence study, carried out on 216 horses using Real Time PCRs, suggested a low incidence of this isolate (3.7%) compared to EcPVs of the same genus such as EcPV2 and EcPV9 in the same horse population. We hypothesize a transmission mechanism different from the one observed in the closely related EcPV9 and EcPV2 that particularly infect Thoroughbreds. This horse breed is usually submitted to natural mating, thus indicating a possible sexual diffusion. No differences were detected for breeds in terms of susceptibility to EcPV10. Further studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the host and EcPV10 infection to explain the reduced viral spread. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biology and Pathology of Tumor Viruses in Animals)
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