Dear Colleagues,

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF) is a group of acute zoonotic diseases with high mortality rates caused by seven different families of viruses that infect both humans and animals. These include the arenaviruses, bunyaviruses, filoviruses, and flaviviruses. It causes severe infections characterized by a hyperactive immune response that often leads to multiorgan failure and death. These diseases most commonly occur in tropical areas. Some viral hemorrhagic fevers are spread by mosquito or tick bites. The human immune system plays a crucial role in VHF pathogenesis. Studies have demonstrated that suppression of innate immunity can play a critical role in disease development as activation of the mononuclear phagocytic system can result in secretion of pathologic concentrations of cytokines and chemokines, and adaptive immune responses are potentially impaired by infected dendritic cells failing to undergo maturation. Ultimately, injury of the endothelium and coagulopathy are thought to be caused by inflammatory responses and uncontrolled viral replication. However, the specific molecular mechanisms contributing to disease process of VHF remain poorly understood.

In this special issue, we focus on the the host immune response has the potential to improve the diagnosis of viral hemorrhagic fevers and other diseases. It can also accelerate our efforts to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms that lead to pathogenesis and severe disease.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome.

I/We look forward to receiving your contributions. 

Dr. Katerina Tsergouli
Prof. Dr. Hinh Ly
Guest Editors

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• immune response
• hemorrhagic fever viruses
• Ebola
• yellow fever viruses