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Symmetry
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Test and Measurement Technology in Ocean Engineering
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Test and Measurement Technology in Ocean Engineering

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Computer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 10793

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yunpeng Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116086, China
Interests: aquaculture engineering; ocean engineering; wave energy; wind energy
Prof. Dr. Chunwei Bi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116086, China
Interests: aquaculture engineering; wave–structure interaction; wave energy; hydrodynamics; biofouling
Prof. Dr. Liuyi Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Marine Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266101, China
Interests: aquaculture engineering; mechanics of fishing gear; artificial reef; trawl net

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Test and measurement technology plays an important role in the structural design and safety evaluation of ocean engineering. This Special Issue will focus on solving key bottlenecks in the test and measurement techniques of physical model tests, numerical tests, and field tests, such as the interactions between waves and structures in ocean engineering, the hydrodynamics of marine structures, test and measurement technology in aquaculture engineering, as well as applications of machine learning and digital twin techniques in ocean engineering.  Investigations on test and measurement techniques related to the traditional marine industry (e.g., breakwaters, offshore oil platforms, and ships) or emerging ocean engineering (e.g., wave energy converters, wind turbines, and aquaculture structures) are fully consistent with the scopes of this Special Issue.  This call welcomes test and measurement technology in physical models, numerical models, and field tests of ocean engineering which could improve the state of the art on maritime structure design, highlighting possible routes for reducing uncertainties and risks. Studies with clear practical fallouts and specific design guidelines are encouraged.

Please note that all submitted papers must be within the general scope of the Symmetry journal.

Prof. Dr. Yunpeng Zhao
Prof. Dr. Chunwei Bi
Prof. Dr. Liuyi Huang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • physical model test
  • numerical test
  • field test
  • hydrodynamics
  • ocean engineering
  • aquaculture engineering
  • waves
  • the interaction between waves and structures
  • fishing gear
  • machine vision technology
  • digital twin
  • machine learning.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5133 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Response Analysis of an Offshore Converter Platform with Valve Towers under Seismic Excitation
by Zhenzhou Sun, Shengxiao Zhao, Chunwei Bi, Qiupan Chen, Shanshan Huang and Jiefeng Chen
Symmetry 2022, 14(8), 1635; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14081635 - 09 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1266
Abstract
Converter valves are the core equipment of offshore wind power structures. However, they are highly vulnerable to vibration under strong earthquakes, which will affect normal operation of the offshore wind farm. Converter station is an axisymmetric structure with obvious asymmetry in its internal [...] Read more.
Converter valves are the core equipment of offshore wind power structures. However, they are highly vulnerable to vibration under strong earthquakes, which will affect normal operation of the offshore wind farm. Converter station is an axisymmetric structure with obvious asymmetry in its internal configuration of the superstructure. This study aimed to analyze the dynamic response of a supported converter valve in an offshore converter station under seismic excitation. The coupling model of the supported valve tower group and the converter station were established, and the distribution law of the valve tower dynamic response and foundation settlement were investigated. The dynamic response effect of the modal truncation, valve tower stiffness, and basic size on different areas and foundations of the valve towers were studied. The findings were as follows: (i) the effect of local vibration of the valve tower should not be simplified by using equivalent mass and node condensation; (ii) the structure–equipment coupling analysis method should be used to review the structural design scheme of the offshore converter station in the intensity VII region; (iii) the vertical higher-order modes should be considered during the vibration response calculation and its participation ratio in mass should not be lower than 90%; (iv) the frequency range that minimizes the vibration response is the characteristic frequency range of horizontal vibration, while the best vibration suppression effect cannot be obtained in both the horizontal and vertical directions; and (v) the stiffness of the valve tower itself should be adjusted and different stiffness designs of the valve tower in different positions should be adopted to realize effective vibration response control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Test and Measurement Technology in Ocean Engineering)
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15 pages, 6742 KiB  
Article
Study of the Influence of Aspect Ratios on Hydrodynamic Performance of a Symmetrical Elliptic Otter Board
by Yuyan Li, Gang Wang, Qingchang Xu, Xinxin Wang, Rongjun Zhang and Liuyi Huang
Symmetry 2022, 14(8), 1566; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14081566 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1271
Abstract
The otter board, which is designed to maintain the horizontal opening of trawl nets, is a vital component of a trawl system. It requires a high lift-to-drag ratio, which is directly related to the trawling efficiency and economic effectiveness of the single trawler. [...] Read more.
The otter board, which is designed to maintain the horizontal opening of trawl nets, is a vital component of a trawl system. It requires a high lift-to-drag ratio, which is directly related to the trawling efficiency and economic effectiveness of the single trawler. To improve the hydrodynamic efficiency of a symmetrical elliptic otter board, four model otter boards, i.e., aspect ratio (AR) = 0.507, 0.640, 0.766, and 0.895, were designed in the present work and the effects of aspect ratios on the hydrodynamic performance of the otter board were investigated by flume tank experiments. Further, the k-ε EARSM turbulence model was adopted to analyze the hydrodynamic coefficients and the flow distribution around the otter board using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The optimal aspect ratio was obtained based on the analysis of experimental data, wherein the lift coefficient, the drag coefficient, and the lift-to-drag ratio at different angles of attack (AOA) were measured. The results show that the symmetrical elliptic otter board model is within the critical Reynolds number region when the Reynolds number is larger than 1.682 × 105, and its hydrodynamic coefficient is consistent with the real otter board. When the AR was 0.766, the elliptic otter board had the best hydrodynamic performance, of which the lift coefficient and the lift-to-drag ratio were 1.05 and 1.14 fold that of the initial otter board (AR = 0.640), and the volume of the wing-tip vortex reaches a maximum. The results show the hydrodynamic performance of the symmetrical elliptic otter board, and parameter optimization of the otter board has also been provided for reference. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Test and Measurement Technology in Ocean Engineering)
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18 pages, 3707 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Numerical Simulation of a Symmetrical Three-Cylinder Buoy
by Yun Pan, Fengting Yang, Huanhuan Tong, Xiao Zuo, Liangduo Shen, Dawen Xue and Can Liu
Symmetry 2022, 14(5), 1057; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14051057 - 21 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1470
Abstract
The wave resistance of a buoy is affected by the mode of anchorage and the buoy structure. Combining the structures and the mode of anchorage of the existing buoys, designing a buoy with significantly improved wave resistance is a major challenge for marine [...] Read more.
The wave resistance of a buoy is affected by the mode of anchorage and the buoy structure. Combining the structures and the mode of anchorage of the existing buoys, designing a buoy with significantly improved wave resistance is a major challenge for marine environment monitoring. This work carried out experimental and numerical simulation studies on the hydrodynamic properties of a self-designed symmetrical three-cylinder buoy. The wave resistance of the buoy was analyzed using different wave conditions, and a full-scale simulation of the buoy was performed using the finite element method and lumped mass method. Experimentally, it was found that the symmetrical three-cylinder buoy stability was less affected by the wave height, but mainly by the wave period. Additionally, the effects of wave height and wave period on mooring tension were also studied, and the results showed that mooring tension was mainly affected by wave period, which was explained by the rate of change of the buoy momentum. Finally, a numerical model was proposed for the interpretation of these experiments. Results from numerical simulations for the trajectory of the buoy and the tension of the mooring cable correlated well with the experimental data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Test and Measurement Technology in Ocean Engineering)
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17 pages, 6693 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study of Local Scour around a Submarine Pipeline with a Spoiler Using a Symmetry Boundary Condition
by Chuan Zhou, Jianhua Li, Jun Wang and Guoqiang Tang
Symmetry 2021, 13(10), 1847; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13101847 - 02 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1465
Abstract
A two-dimensional numerical model for solving the Navier–Stokes equations was developed to investigate the local scour around a submarine pipeline with a spoiler. Both the suspended load and the bed load were considered in the present numerical model. The focus of the present [...] Read more.
A two-dimensional numerical model for solving the Navier–Stokes equations was developed to investigate the local scour around a submarine pipeline with a spoiler. Both the suspended load and the bed load were considered in the present numerical model. The focus of the present study is to investigate the effects of the spoiler length on the hydrodynamic forces on the pipeline and the spoiler as well as the local scour around the submarine pipeline. The corresponding numerical results show that the mean drag coefficients of the pipeline and the spoiler increase with the increase of the spoiler length. As for the mean lift coefficient, a general decreasing trend with the increasing spoiler length is observed for the pipeline. However, the mean lift coefficient of the spoiler first increases and then decreases with the increasing spoiler length. In addition, it is found that a larger spoiler length leads to a deeper scour depth, and an empirical equation was proposed for predicting the non-dimensional scour depth of submarine pipelines with non-dimensional spoiler length based on the numerical results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Test and Measurement Technology in Ocean Engineering)
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21 pages, 8329 KiB  
Article
Study of Liquid Viscosity Effects on Hydrodynamic Forces on an Oscillating Circular Cylinder Underwater Using OpenFOAM®
by Hongfei Mao, Yanli He, Guanglin Wu, Jinbo Lin and Ran Ji
Symmetry 2021, 13(10), 1806; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13101806 - 28 Sep 2021
Viewed by 1734
Abstract
By neglecting the viscosity of fluid and rotation in flow, the theory of potential flow cannot accurately predict the hydrodynamic forces on the structures under significant viscous effects. In this study, the effects of liquid viscosity on the hydrodynamic forces on a horizontal [...] Read more.
By neglecting the viscosity of fluid and rotation in flow, the theory of potential flow cannot accurately predict the hydrodynamic forces on the structures under significant viscous effects. In this study, the effects of liquid viscosity on the hydrodynamic forces on a horizontal circular cylinder underwater with a large-amplitude forced oscillation were investigated. The study used a two-dimensional two-phase flow wave tank model based on the viscous fluid theory using the OpenFOAM® package. The numerical calculations were carried out under different types of liquid (i.e., liquid with different viscosities). The liquid viscosity effects are visually shown by comparison of the various frequency components of the hydrodynamic forces on the cylinder, and the magnitude and phase relations of the viscous shear forces and the pressure forces. By analyzing the distribution characteristics of the flow fields around the circular cylinder, the viscous-effect mechanisms are revealed. It is found that the discrepancies of the contributions of viscous shear forces, and the discrepancies of the vortex effects on the phase and magnitude of the pressure forces lead to the obvious differences among the results under different liquid viscosities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Test and Measurement Technology in Ocean Engineering)
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22 pages, 16962 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis of the Flow Effect of the Menger-Type Artificial Reefs with Different Void Space Complexity Indices
by Xinxin Wang, Xianyi Liu, Yanli Tang, Fenfang Zhao and Yan Luo
Symmetry 2021, 13(6), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13061040 - 09 Jun 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2489
Abstract
Based on fractal theory, a regular fractal is used to construct symmetrical reef models (e.g., cube and triangle reef models) with different fractal levels (n = 1, 2, 3). Using the concept of fractal dimension, we can better understand the spatial effectiveness [...] Read more.
Based on fractal theory, a regular fractal is used to construct symmetrical reef models (e.g., cube and triangle reef models) with different fractal levels (n = 1, 2, 3). Using the concept of fractal dimension, we can better understand the spatial effectiveness of artificial reefs. The void space complexity index is defined to quantify the complexity of the internal spatial distribution of artificial reefs models under different levels. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow simulation approach was used to investigate the effects of void space complexity on the flow field performances of the symmetrical artificial reef models. The upwelling convection index (Hupwelling/HAR, Vupwelling/VAR), wake recirculating index (Lwake/LAR, Vwake/VAR) and non-dimensionalized velocity ratio range were used to evaluate the efficiency of the flow field effect inside or around artificial reefs. The surface area and spatial complexity index of artificial reefs increase with increasing fractal level. The numerical simulation data shows that the Menger-type artificial reef models with a higher spatial complexity index have better flow field performances in the upwelling and wake regions. Compared to the traditional artificial reef models, the upwelling convection index (Vupwelling/VAR) and recirculating index (Vwake/VAR) of n = 3 fractal cube artificial reef increase by 37.5% and 46.8%, respectively. The efficiency indices of the upwelling region and wake region around the fractal triangle artificial reef model are 2–3 times those of the fractal cube artificial reef model when the fractal level is 3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Test and Measurement Technology in Ocean Engineering)
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