Symmetry/Asymmetry in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2027 | Viewed by 274

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Rock Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Interests: rock joint roughness characterization and scale effects; shear strength of rock joints: constitutive modeling, heterogeneity, and uncertainty quantification; rock slope stability and failure mechanisms; numerical simulation on mechanical properties of rock joints; measurement of the geometric properties of rock joints; open-pit mining engineering geology; heterogeneity of rock mechanical properties

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Guest Editor
Institute of Rock Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Interests: rock mass characterization; rock mechanics in underground engineering; geological uncertainty quantification and modeling

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Rock Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Interests: landslide mechanics; monitoring; stability; mitigation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering fundamentally deal with complex geological materials characterized by inherent heterogeneity, anisotropy, and discontinuities. In this context, the concepts of symmetry and asymmetry are crucial for understanding and predicting the mechanical behavior of rock masses. While classical theoretical models and analytical methods often rely on symmetrical assumptions—such as isotropy and homogeneous stress states—real-world geological environments frequently exhibit pronounced asymmetry. For instance, the asymmetrical morphological roughness of rock joints significantly governs their scale-dependent shear strength and deformation behavior. Furthermore, complex geological settings in open-pit mining and underground engineering often lead to asymmetrical stress redistributions, driving complex instability issues. The asymmetrical nature of geological structures is also a primary controlling factor in the initiation and kinematics of slope failures. Therefore, understanding the asymmetrical mechanisms underlying rock slope instability and landslide mechanics is essential for developing effective early-warning monitoring systems and reliable mitigation strategies.

This Special Issue aims to explore the multifaceted roles of symmetry and asymmetry in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. We welcome original research articles and comprehensive reviews addressing theoretical, experimental, and numerical advances. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, rock joint characterization, rock mass heterogeneity, geological uncertainty quantification, coupled multi-physical processes, underground engineering, and the stability, monitoring, and mitigation of rock slopes and landslides. By bridging symmetrical idealized models with asymmetrical geological realities, this Special Issue seeks to advance fundamental knowledge and improve engineering practices.

Dr. Changshuo Wang
Dr. Hui Lu
Dr. Pengju An
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • symmetry/asymmetry in rock mechanics
  • rock joint roughness, shear strength, and scale effects
  • measurement, constitutive modeling, and numerical simulation of rock joints
  • heterogeneity and anisotropy of rock mechanical properties
  • rock mass characterization and geological uncertainty quantification
  • rock slope stability and asymmetrical failure mechanisms
  • landslide mechanics, monitoring, and mitigation strategies
  • open-pit mining engineering geology
  • rock mechanics in underground engineering
  • coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THMC) processes in fractured rocks

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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17 pages, 3335 KB  
Technical Note
Integrated Borehole GPR and Optical Imaging for Field Investigation of Rock Mass Structures
by Yangyang Xiong, Haijun Chen, Zengqiang Han and Chao Wang
Symmetry 2026, 18(5), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18050875 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2026
Viewed by 105
Abstract
Conventional drilling and coring methods are inherently limited to providing one-dimensional geological data, which hinders accurate characterization of the spatial distribution of rock mass structures and properties. Mechanical disturbances during drilling often cause core breakage, further compromising the fidelity of in situ geological [...] Read more.
Conventional drilling and coring methods are inherently limited to providing one-dimensional geological data, which hinders accurate characterization of the spatial distribution of rock mass structures and properties. Mechanical disturbances during drilling often cause core breakage, further compromising the fidelity of in situ geological representation. This study proposes an integrated approach combining borehole optical imaging and GPR to enhance the characterization of rock mass structures. A dynamic exploration method is introduced, defined as an adaptive drilling layout workflow based on phased information feedback. The fundamental concept, key assumptions, boundary conditions, and field implementation procedures of this dynamic survey are systematically described. The integrated method is applied to a high-speed railway investigation project in the Tengzhou section, Shandong Province, China, where six boreholes were surveyed using both techniques. Results demonstrate that fused analysis of borehole optical images and GPR data effectively reveals rock morphology, fracture distribution, joint systems, and fractured zones. Optical imaging provides high-resolution orientation data at the borehole wall. Borehole GPR extends detection radially into the surrounding rock mass. Together, the two methods enable spatially enhanced characterization and partially mitigate the azimuthal ambiguity inherent in single-borehole radar measurements. A triangular borehole survey scheme is shown to be feasible for locating subsurface anomalies. The proposed method effectively reduces borehole requirements compared to conventional grid layouts. Through the integrated analysis of optical imaging and GPR data, common anomalous features can be successfully identified. The method demonstrates practical applicability for detecting fractures with apertures greater than 1 cm and meter-scale cavities. Good consistency between the two techniques validates the feasibility of this integrated approach. The method’s limitations, including resolution constraints and detection omission risks, are explicitly acknowledged, and risk control strategies are proposed. Overall, the dynamic exploration approach reduces investigation costs and accelerates project timelines. It also provides a practical framework for the spatial characterization of rock mass discontinuities with minimal borehole requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry/Asymmetry in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering)
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