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Optimizing Filter System for Nutrients' Removal from Domestic Wastewater

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Resources and Sustainable Utilization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 6222

Special Issue Editors

Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Fasa University, Fasa 74616-86131, Iran
Interests: statistical analysis; statistical modelling; applied statistics; time series analysis; data mining; data analysis; optimization; signal processing
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa 74616-86131, Iran
Interests: wastewater treatment; adsorption; environmental nanotechnology; material characterization; nanomaterials; nanomaterials synthesis; biopolymer; conversion of waste to value
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water scarcity is a fact of life in which various sectors compete for limited water resources. Freshwater scarcity has forced humans to use poor quality water, such as domestic wastewater. Treated domestic wastewater has been considered to be a suitable alternative source for water, and can be used for non-potable applications, such as irrigation, vehicle washing, fire protection, boiler feed water, concrete production, and preservation of wetlands. Domestic wastewater may contain around 9 to 20% of the nutrients. Investigations into the treatment and recycling of domestic wastewater have become the focus of attention in recent years. In this regard, physical, chemical and biological techniques were employed to treat domestic water. It is not always possible to select the optimum filter system for treatment of domestic wastewater, particularly for nutrients removal. This Special Issue seeks manuscript submissions that further our understanding of these techniques and the utilization of these optimized filter system for nutrients removal. Submissions on new wastewater treatment thechniques that employ computer simulation for assisting in the optimization of the design and operation of treatment processes are also very welcome.

Dr. Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi
Dr. Mohammad Javad Amiri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • optimizing
  • domestic wastewater
  • computer simulation
  • filter system
  • nutrients removal

Published Papers (3 papers)

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16 pages, 4469 KiB  
Article
Biosorption of Engine Oil Using Rice Husk in a Filtration System
by Irfan Hafeez Aminuddin, Siti Hajar Taufik, Nurul Aini Puasa, Syahirah Batrisyia Mohamed Radziff, Nur Diyanah Zamree, Noor Azmi Shaharudddin, Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah, Muhammad Fahdli Rahman, Alyza Azzura Azmi and Siti Aqlima Ahmad
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14599; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914599 - 09 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1434
Abstract
Owing to its excellent qualities as a natural sorbent, rice husk (RH), a significant agricultural waste product obtained from the milling process, is employed as a biosorbent for engine oil. Engine oil spillages in rivers will flow to the ocean, exposing marine life [...] Read more.
Owing to its excellent qualities as a natural sorbent, rice husk (RH), a significant agricultural waste product obtained from the milling process, is employed as a biosorbent for engine oil. Engine oil spillages in rivers will flow to the ocean, exposing marine life to deadly contaminants. To date, there are very few natural sorbent studies specifically targeting engine oil removal. The purpose of this study was to optimise the significant factors in the efficiency of engine oil sorption by RH. Spectroscopic analyses using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterise the chemical composition and surface morphology of RH sorbent after pre- and post-treatment. A conventional optimisation approach, one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT), was used to assess the range of factors affecting the efficiency of engine oil sorption through heat treatment, heating time, packing density, and concentration of engine oil. The efficiency of engine oil removal obtained from this method was 74.5%. All the factors were assessed using a Plackett–Burman design (PBD) to eliminate non-significant factors. Furthermore, a central composite design (CCD) was employed to explore significant interactions among the factors. The quadratic model generated (R2 = 0.9723) fitted the data well. The optimised conditions from the CCD were 160 °C, 20 min, 0.16 g/cm3, and 12.5% (v/v), with improved oil sorption from 74.5% (OFAT) to 78.89% (RSM). Full article
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18 pages, 2957 KiB  
Article
Statistical and Mathematical Modeling for Predicting Caffeine Removal from Aqueous Media by Rice Husk-Derived Activated Carbon
by Mehdi Bahrami, Mohammad Javad Amiri, Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi and Anahita Zare
Sustainability 2023, 15(9), 7366; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097366 - 28 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1476
Abstract
One of the solutions to deal with water crisis problems is using agricultural residue capabilities as low-cost and the most abundant adsorbents for the elimination of pollutants from aqueous media. This research assessed the potential of activated carbon obtained from rice husk (RHAC) [...] Read more.
One of the solutions to deal with water crisis problems is using agricultural residue capabilities as low-cost and the most abundant adsorbents for the elimination of pollutants from aqueous media. This research assessed the potential of activated carbon obtained from rice husk (RHAC) to eliminate caffeine from aqueous media. For this, the impact of diverse parameters, including initial caffeine concentration (C0), RHAC dosage (Cs), contact time (t), and solution pH, was considered on adsorption capacity. The maximum caffeine uptake capacity of 239.67 mg/g was obtained under the optimum conditions at an RHAC dose of 0.5 g, solution pH of 6, contact time of 120 min, and initial concentration of 80 mg/L. The best fit of adsorption process data on pseudo-first-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm indicated the presence of heterogeneous and varying pores of the RHAC, multilayer adsorption, and adsorption at local sites without any interaction. Additionally, modeling the adsorption by using statistical and mathematical models, including classification and regression tree (CART), multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest regression (RFR), Bayesian multiple linear regression (BMLR), lasso regression (LR), and ridge regression (RR), revealed the greater impact of C0 and Cs in predicting adsorption capacity. Moreover, the RFR model performs better than other models due to the highest determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9517) and the slightest error (RMSE = 2.28). Full article
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12 pages, 1912 KiB  
Brief Report
View of Saudi Arabia Strategy for Water Resources Management at Bishah, Aseer Southern Region Water Assessment
by Hesham K. Fazel, Sayeda M. Abdo, Atiah Althaqafi, Saad H. Eldosari, Bao-Ku Zhu and Hosam M. Safaa
Sustainability 2022, 14(7), 4198; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074198 - 01 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2546
Abstract
Water quality management is critical for the preservation of freshwater resources in semi-arid and arid areas, which are necessary for long-term development. Local authorities and water resource managers can allocate resources for potable or agricultural needs based on the quality of water in [...] Read more.
Water quality management is critical for the preservation of freshwater resources in semi-arid and arid areas, which are necessary for long-term development. Local authorities and water resource managers can allocate resources for potable or agricultural needs based on the quality of water in various places. A total of 14 water samples were collected and examined in this study. Microbiological, chemical and physical analyses were considered as important indicators for assessing water quality. Physical, chemical, and microbiological data were measured and evaluated as essential markers for determining water quality. A comparison was made between these characteristics and the King Saudi Water Standard (GSO149/2014). According to the findings, results of infiltration pond and Tabla Dam manifest the anthropogenic activities and natural influences of the greatest impact on water quality. Therefore, a reliable assessment approach for assessing water quality is very important for decision makers and for constructing sustainable development plans. Full article
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