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Resonant Sensors
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Resonant Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2019) | Viewed by 39678

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Stephen Holler

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics & Engineering Physics, Fordham University, Freeman Hall B06A, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
Interests: biological sensor development; environmental sensing; micro-optical sensors; whispering gallery mode biosensors; microcavity photonics; light scattering from bio-aerosols; fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy; cavity ringdown spectroscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Resonance phenomena are ubiquitous in sensing platforms and provide a means for small signals to be amplified to a measurable level. The effective response of resonant sensors to trace concentrations of material, down to single molecules, make these platforms ideally suited for signal transduction when access to quantities of target analytes are limited. The diversity of resonant sensors is vast, encompassing all areas of biological and chemical detection. This eclectic topic provides an opportunity to explore unrelated, but similar research throughout a variety of disciplines.

The widespread application of resonant sensors and their continued evolution through innovation makes this an ideal topic for cross-disciplinary interactions. We seek to bring together the diversity of research and cross-pollinate ideas that would further enhance the field. To this end, we are soliciting manuscripts for a Special Issue focused on the applications and technology of Resonant Sensors. The range of sensing modalities being studied range from acoustic, electrical, mechanical, and optical, ands targeting a host of biological and chemical analytes, such as DNA, protein, bacteria, virus, toxic industrial materials, biological and/or chemical warfare agents, explosives, radionuclides, and greenhouse gases, among others. We welcome contributions of original research or comprehensive reviews that illustrate the diversity and importance of this exciting and diverse area of research.

Prof. Dr. Stephen Holler
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • resonance
  • photonics
  • plasmonics
  • microcavities
  • Raman
  • biosensors
  • chemical sensors
  • cavity ringdown
  • CRD
  • CRDS
  • spectroscopy
  • quartz crystalline microbalance
  • QCM
  • piezoelectricity
  • surface plasmon resonance
  • fluorescence
  • FRET
  • photoacoustics
  • graphene
  • bacteria
  • virus
  • greenhouse gas

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 5309 KiB  
Article
The Synthesis Model of Flat-Electrode Hemispherical Resonator Gyro
by Zhennan Wei, Guoxing Yi, Yan Huo, Ziyang Qi and Zeyuan Xu
Sensors 2019, 19(7), 1690; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071690 - 09 Apr 2019
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 7236
Abstract
The Hemispherical Resonator Gyro (HRG) is a solid-state and widely used vibrating gyroscope, especially in the field of deep space exploration. The flat-electrode HRG is a new promising type of gyroscope with simpler structure that is easier to be fabricated. In this paper, [...] Read more.
The Hemispherical Resonator Gyro (HRG) is a solid-state and widely used vibrating gyroscope, especially in the field of deep space exploration. The flat-electrode HRG is a new promising type of gyroscope with simpler structure that is easier to be fabricated. In this paper, to cover the shortage of a classical generalized Coriolis Vibration Gyroscope model whose parameters are hard to obtain, the model of flat-electrode HRG is established by the equivalent mechanical model, the motion equations of unideal hemispherical shell resonator are deduced, and the calculation results of parameters in the equations are verified to be reliable and believable by comparing with finite element simulation and the reported experimental data. In order to more truthfully reveal the input and output characteristics of HRG, the excitation and detection models with assemble errors and parameters are established based on the model of flat-electrode capacitor, and they convert both the input and output forms of the HRG model to voltage changes across the electrodes rather than changes in force and capacitance. An identification method of assemble errors and parameters is proposed to evaluate and improve the HRG manufacturing technology and adjust the performance of HRG. The average gap could be identified with the average capacitance of all excitation and detection capacitors; fitting the approximate static capacitor model could identify the inclination angle and direction angle. With the obtained model, a firm and tight connection between the real HRG system and theoretical model is established, which makes it possible to build a fully functional simulation model to study the control and detection methods of standing wave on hemispherical shell resonator. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Sensors)
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11 pages, 2338 KiB  
Communication
FRET-Based Semiconducting Polymer Dots for pH Sensing
by Jiemei Ou, Huijun Tan, Zhong Chen and Xudong Chen
Sensors 2019, 19(6), 1455; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061455 - 25 Mar 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3705
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based polymer dots (Pdots), fabricated by semiconducting polymers and exhibiting excellent properties, have attracted much interest in the last decade, however, full polymer-dot-based pH sensors are seldom systematically exploited by researchers. In this work, we constructed a kind of [...] Read more.
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based polymer dots (Pdots), fabricated by semiconducting polymers and exhibiting excellent properties, have attracted much interest in the last decade, however, full polymer-dot-based pH sensors are seldom systematically exploited by researchers. In this work, we constructed a kind of blend polymer dot, utilizing poly[(9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-vinylene)-co-(1-methoxy-4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2,5-phenylenevinylene)] (PFV) as the donor, poly[2,5-bis(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (BDMO-PPV) as the acceptor, and polysytrene graft EO functionalized with carboxy (PS-PEG-COOH) to generate surface carboxyl groups. This type of Pdot, based on the FRET process, was quite sensitive to pH value changes, especially low pH environments. When the pH value decreases down to 2 or 1, the fluorescence spectrum of Pdots-20% exhibit spectral and intensity changes at the same time, and fluorescence lifetime changes as well, which enables pH sensing applications. The sharpening of the emission peak at ~524 nm, along with the weakening and blue shifts of the emission band at ~573 nm, imply that the efficiency of the energy transfer between PFV and BDMO-PPV inside the Pdots-20% decreased due to polymer chain conformational changes. The time-resolved fluorescence measurements supported this suggestion. Pdots constructed by this strategy have great potential in many applications, such as industrial wastewater detection, in vitro and intracellular pH measurement, and DNA amplification and detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Sensors)
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13 pages, 2482 KiB  
Article
A Low Frequency Mechanical Transmitter Based on Magnetoelectric Heterostructures Operated at Their Resonance Frequency
by Junran Xu, Chung Ming Leung, Xin Zhuang, Jiefang Li, Shubhendu Bhardwaj, John Volakis and Dwight Viehland
Sensors 2019, 19(4), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040853 - 19 Feb 2019
Cited by 68 | Viewed by 6161
Abstract
Magneto-elasto-electric (ME) coupling heterostructures, consisting of piezoelectric layers bonded to magnetostrictive ones, provide for a new class of electromagnetic emitter materials on which a portable (area ~ 16 cm2) very low frequency (VLF) transmitter technology could be developed. The proposed ME [...] Read more.
Magneto-elasto-electric (ME) coupling heterostructures, consisting of piezoelectric layers bonded to magnetostrictive ones, provide for a new class of electromagnetic emitter materials on which a portable (area ~ 16 cm2) very low frequency (VLF) transmitter technology could be developed. The proposed ME transmitter functions as follows: (a) a piezoelectric layer is first driven by alternating current AC electric voltage at its electromechanical resonance (EMR) frequency, (b) subsequently, this EMR excites the magnetostrictive layers, giving rise to magnetization change, (c) in turn, the magnetization oscillations result in oscillating magnetic fields. By Maxwell’s equations, a corresponding electric field, is also generated, leading to electromagnetic field propagation. Our hybrid piezoelectric-magnetostrictive transformer can take an input electric voltage that may include modulation-signal over a carrier frequency and transmit via oscillating magnetic field or flux change. The prototype measurements reveal a magnetic dipole like near field, demonstrating its transmission capabilities. Furthermore, the developed prototype showed a 104 times higher efficiency over a small-circular loop of the same area, exhibiting its superiority over the class of traditional small antennas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Sensors)
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17 pages, 3127 KiB  
Article
Improvement of Noise Uncertainty and Signal-To-Noise Ratio Wall in Spectrum Sensing Based on Optimal Stochastic Resonance
by Di He, Xin Chen, Ling Pei, Lingge Jiang and Wenxian Yu
Sensors 2019, 19(4), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040841 - 18 Feb 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2889
Abstract
Noise uncertainty and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) wall are two very serious problems in spectrum sensing of cognitive radio (CR) networks, which restrict the applications of some conventional spectrum sensing methods especially under low SNR circumstances. In this study, an optimal dynamic stochastic resonance [...] Read more.
Noise uncertainty and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) wall are two very serious problems in spectrum sensing of cognitive radio (CR) networks, which restrict the applications of some conventional spectrum sensing methods especially under low SNR circumstances. In this study, an optimal dynamic stochastic resonance (SR) processing method is introduced to improve the SNR of the receiving signal under certain conditions. By using the proposed method, the SNR wall can be enhanced and the sampling complexity can be reduced, accordingly the noise uncertainty of the received signal can also be decreased. Based on the well-studied overdamped bistable SR system, the theoretical analyses and the computer simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It can extend the application scenes of the conventional energy detection especially under some serious wireless conditions especially low SNR circumstances such as deep wireless signal fading, signal shadowing and multipath fading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Sensors)
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12 pages, 4239 KiB  
Article
A MoS2 Nanoflakes-Based LC Wireless Passive Humidity Sensor
by Shujing Su, Wen Lv, Tong Zhang, Qiulin Tan, Wendong Zhang and Jijun Xiong
Sensors 2018, 18(12), 4466; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124466 - 17 Dec 2018
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4722
Abstract
In this study, an LC wireless passive humidity sensor based on MoS2 nanoflakes was proposed. The LC wireless passive humidity sensor was optimized by performing HFSS simulations and fabricated via a screen-printing technique. The MoS2 nanoflakes were characterized by laser scanning [...] Read more.
In this study, an LC wireless passive humidity sensor based on MoS2 nanoflakes was proposed. The LC wireless passive humidity sensor was optimized by performing HFSS simulations and fabricated via a screen-printing technique. The MoS2 nanoflakes were characterized by laser scanning confocal microcopy, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. The measurements show the sensor can operate stably for a long time with a hysteresis of 4% RH (relative humidity) in 10–95% RH. At low humidity environment (10–60% RH), the sensitivity of the as-prepared humidity sensor is 2.79 kHz/% RH, and a sensitivity of 76.04 kHz/% RH was realized in a high humidity environment (60–95% RH). In this regard, the sensing mechanism was discussed in the scope of proton transfer theory. The test results also indicate that the response time and recovery time of the prepared sensor are 10 s, 15 s, respectively and between 15~40 °C the sensitivity of sensor was not temperature-dependent in the range of 10~80% RH. In addition, the sensor shows less sensitivity to temperature in the 15–25 °C range at 90% RH. All of these experimental results show that the prepared LC wireless passive humidity sensor can stably monitor the rapidly changing humidity in a sealed and narrow environment for a long time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Sensors)
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13 pages, 8873 KiB  
Article
An Optical Fiber Refractive Index Sensor Based on the Hybrid Mode of Tamm and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
by Xian Zhang, Xiao-Song Zhu and Yi-Wei Shi
Sensors 2018, 18(7), 2129; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072129 - 03 Jul 2018
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4331
Abstract
A novel high performance optical fiber refractive index (RI) sensor based on the hybrid transverse magnetic (TM) mode of Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is proposed. The structure of the sensor is a multi-mode optical fiber with a one [...] Read more.
A novel high performance optical fiber refractive index (RI) sensor based on the hybrid transverse magnetic (TM) mode of Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is proposed. The structure of the sensor is a multi-mode optical fiber with a one dimensional photonic crystal (1 DPC)/metal multi-films outer coated on its fiber core. A simulation study of the proposed sensor is carried out with the geometrical optical model to investigate the performance of the designed sensor with respect to the center wavelength, bilayer period and the thickness of silver layer. Because the lights transmitted in the fiber sensor have much larger incident angles than those in the prism based sensors, the center wavelength of the 1 DPC should shift to longer wavelength. When the coupling between TM-TPP and SPP is stronger, the sensor exhibits better performance because the electromagnetic field of the TPP-SPP hybrid mode is enhanced more in the analyte. Compared to most conventional fiber surface plasmon resonance sensors, the figure of merit of the proposed sensor is much higher while the sensitivity is comparable. The idea of utilizing TPP-SPP hybrid mode for RI sensing in the solid-core optical fiber structure presented in this paper could contribute to the study of the fiber RI sensor based on TPP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Sensors)
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Review

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26 pages, 5142 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Sensors
by Dongping Wang, Jacky Fong Chuen Loo, Jiajie Chen, Yeung Yam, Shih-Chi Chen, Hao He, Siu Kai Kong and Ho Pui Ho
Sensors 2019, 19(6), 1266; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061266 - 13 Mar 2019
Cited by 98 | Viewed by 10007
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is an important tool widely used for studying binding kinetics between biomolecular species. The SPR approach offers unique advantages in light of its real-time and label-free sensing capabilities. Until now, nearly all established SPR instrumentation schemes are [...] Read more.
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is an important tool widely used for studying binding kinetics between biomolecular species. The SPR approach offers unique advantages in light of its real-time and label-free sensing capabilities. Until now, nearly all established SPR instrumentation schemes are based on single- or several-channel configurations. With the emergence of drug screening and investigation of biomolecular interactions on a massive scale these days for finding more effective treatments of diseases, there is a growing demand for the development of high-throughput 2-D SPR sensor arrays based on imaging. The so-called SPR imaging (SPRi) approach has been explored intensively in recent years. This review aims to provide an up-to-date and concise summary of recent advances in SPRi. The specific focuses are on practical instrumentation designs and their respective biosensing applications in relation to molecular sensing, healthcare testing, and environmental screening. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Sensors)
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